GPS theory, algorithms and applications
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| 016 | 7 | |a 983914443 |2 DE-101 | |
| 020 | |a 9783540727149 |c Gb. : ca. EUR 106.95 (freier Pr.), ca. sfr 164.00 (freier Pr.) |9 978-3-540-72714-9 | ||
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| 044 | |a gw |c XA-DE-BE | ||
| 049 | |a DE-20 |a DE-29 |a DE-355 |a DE-M347 |a DE-703 |a DE-634 |a DE-83 |a DE-11 |a DE-19 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Xu, Guochang |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a GPS |b theory, algorithms and applications |c Guochang Xu |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 340 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Global Positioning System | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a GPS |0 (DE-588)4216824-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a GPS |0 (DE-588)4216824-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015676929&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015676929 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136555940413440 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1
Introduction
.............................................................................. 1
1.1
A
Key Note
of GPS
........................................................................ 2
1.2
A
Brief Message
About GLONASS
..................................................... 3
1.3 Basic Information
of
Galileo............................................................4
1.4
A Combined
Global Navigation
Satellite
System .................................... 5
2
Coordinate and Time
Systems .......................................................7
2.1
Geocentric Earth-Fixed Coordinate
Systems ........................................ 7
2.2
Coordinate
System
Transformations
.................................................10
2.3
Local Coordinate System
...............................................................11
2.4
Earth-Centred
Inerţial
Coordínate
System
..........................................13
2.5
Geocentric Ecliptic
Inerţial
Coordinate System
....................................17
2.6
Time Systems
.............................................................................17
3
Satellite Orbits
..........................................................................21
3.1
Keplerian Motion
........................................................................21
3.1.1
Satellite Motion in the Orbital Plane
.........................................24
3.1.2
Keplerian Equation
..............................................................27
3.1.3
State Vector of the Satellite
.....................................................29
3.2
Disturbed Satellite Motion
.............................................................31
3.3
GPS Broadcast
Ephemerides...........................................................32
3.4
IGS Precise
Ephemerides ...............................................................34
3.5
GLONASS
Ephemerides ................................................................35
4
GPS
Observables
.......................................................................37
4.1
Code Pseudoranges
......................................................................37
4.2
Carrier Phases
............................................................................39
4.3
Doppler
Measurements
.................................................................41
5
Physical Influences of GPS Surveying
.............................................43
5.1
Ionospheric Effects
......................................................................43
5.1.1
Code Delay and Phase Advance
...............................................43
5.1.2
Elimination of the Ionospheric Effects
......................................45
5.1.3
Ionospheric Models
.............................................................48
5.1.4
Mapping Functions
..............................................................51
XIV Contents
5.2
Tropospheric Effects
.....................................................................55
5.2.1 Tropospheric Models............................................................56
5.2.2
Mapping Functions and Parameterisation
..................................59
5.3
Relativistic Effects
.......................................................................62
5.3.1
Special Relativity and General Relativity
....................................62
5.3.2
Relativistic Effects on GPS
.....................................................64
5.4
Earth Tide and Ocean Loading Tide Corrections
..................................67
5.4.1
Earth Tide Displacements of the GPS Station
..............................67
5.4.2
Simplified Model of the Earth Tide Displacements
........................68
5.4.3
Numerical Examples of the Earth Tide Effects
.............................70
5.4.4
Ocean Loading Tide Displacement
...........................................72
5.4.5
Computation of the Ocean Loading Tide Displacement
..................75
5.4.6
Numerical Examples of Loading Tide Effects
...............................75
5.5
Clock Errors
..............................................................................76
5.6
Multipath Effects
.........................................................................78
5.6.1
GPS-Altimetry, Signals Reflected from the Earth-Surface
................79
5.6.2
Reflecting Point Positioning
...................................................80
5.6.3
Image Point and Reflecting Surface Determination
.......................81
5.7
Anti-Spoofing and Selective Availability Effects
...................................82
5.8
Antenna Phase Centre Offset and Variation
.........................................82
5.9
Instrumental Biases
.....................................................................85
6
GPS Observation Equations and Equivalence Properties
...................87
6.1
General Mathematical Models of GPS Observations
..............................87
6.2
Linearisation of the Observational Model
...........................................89
6.3
Partial Derivatives of Observational Function
.....................................90
6.4
Linear Transformation and Covariance Propagation
..............................94
6.5
Data Combinations
......................................................................95
6.5.1
Ionosphere-Free Combinations
...............................................97
6.5.2
Geometry-Free Combinations
.................................................98
6.5.3
Standard Phase-Code Combination
........................................ 100
6.5.4
Ionospheric Residuals
......................................................... 101
6.5.5
Differential
Doppler
and
Doppler
Integration
............................ 102
6.6
Data Differentiations
.................................................................. 104
6.6.1
Single Differences
.............................................................. 105
6.6.2
Double Differences
............................................................ 107
6.6.3
Triple Differences
.............................................................. 110
6.7
Equivalence of the Uncombined and Combining Algorithms
.................
Ill
6.7.1
Uncombined GPS Data Processing Algorithms
........................... 112
6.7.2
Combining Algorithms of GPS Data Processing
......................... 114
6.7.3
Secondary GPS Data Processing Algorithms
.............................. 119
6.7.4
Summary
........................................................................ 122
6.8
Equivalence of Undifferenced and Differencing Algorithms
................... 122
6.8.1
Introduction
.................................................................... 122
6.8.2
Formation of Equivalent Observation Equations
........................ 123
6.8.3
Equivalent Equations of Single Differences
............................... 125
Contents
XV
6.8.4
Equivalent
Equations
of
Double
Differences
.............................. 128
6.8.5
Equivalent Equations
of
Triple
Differences ...............................
130
6.8.6
Method of Dealing with the Reference Parameters
...................... 130
6.8.7
Summary of the Unified Equivalent Algorithm
.......................... 131
7
Adjustment and Filtering Methods
.............................................. 133
7.1
Introduction
............................................................................ 133
7.2
Least Squares Adjustment
............................................................ 133
7.2.1
Least Squares Adjustment with Sequential Observation Groups
...... 135
7.3
Sequential Least Squares Adjustment
.............................................. 137
7.4
Conditional Least Squares Adjustment
............................................ 138
7.4.1
Sequential Application of Conditional Least Squares Adjustment
.... 140
7.5
Block-Wise Least Squares Adjustment
............................................. 141
7.5.1
Sequential Solution of Block-Wise Least Squares Adjustment
........ 143
7.5.2
Block-Wise Least Squares for Code-Phase Combination
............... 145
7.6
Equivalently Eliminated Observation Equation System
........................ 146
7.6.1
Diagonalised Normal Equation and the Equivalent
Observation Equation
......................................................... 148
7.7
Kalman
Filter
........................................................................... 150
7.7.1
Classic
Kalman
Filter
.......................................................... 150
7.7.2
Kalman
Filter
-
A General Form of Sequential
Least Squares Adjustment
.................................................... 151
7.7.3
Robust
Kalman
Filter
.......................................................... 152
7.7.4
Adaptively Robust
Kalman
Filtering
....................................... 155
7.8
A Priori Constrained Least Squares Adjustment
................................. 159
7.8.1
A Priori Parameter Constraints
............................................. 159
7.8.2
A Priori Datum
................................................................. 160
7.8.3
Quasi-Stable Datum
........................................................... 161
7.9
Summary
................................................................................ 163
8
Cycle Slip Detection and Ambiguity Resolution
............................. 167
8.1
Cycle Slip Detection
................................................................... 167
8.2
Method of Dealing with Cycle Slips
................................................ 168
8.3
A General Criterion of Integer Ambiguity Search
............................... 169
8.3.1
Introduction
.................................................................... 169
8.3.2
Summary of Conditional Least Squares Adjustment
.................... 170
8.3.3
Float Solution
................................................................... 171
8.3.4
Integer Ambiguity Search in Ambiguity Domain
........................ 172
8.3.5
Integer Ambiguity Search in Coordinate
and Ambiguity Domains
..................................................... 174
8.3.6
Properties of the General Criterion
........................................ 175
8.3.7
An Equivalent Ambiguity Search Criterion and its Properties
........ 176
8.3.8
Numerical Examples of the Equivalent Criterion
........................ 178
8.3.9
Conclusions and Comments
................................................. 181
8.4
Ambiguity Function
................................................................... 182
8.4.1
Maximum Property of Ambiguity Function
.............................. 183
XVI Contents
9
Parameterisation and Algorithms
of GPS Data Processing
............... 187
9.1
Parameterisation
of the GPS Observation
Model
................................ 187
9.1.1
Evidence of the
Parameterisation Problem
of the Undifferenced
Observation
Model
............................................................ 187
9.1.2
A Method of Uncorrelated Bias
Parameterisation
....................... 189
9.1.3
Geometry-Free Illustration ..................................................
195
9.1.4
Correlation Analysis in the Case of Phase-Code Combinations
....... 195
9.1.5
Conclusions and Comments
................................................. 197
9.2
Equivalence of the GPS Data Processing Algorithms
............................ 198
9.2.1
Equivalence Theorem of GPS Data Processing Algorithms
............ 198
9.2.2
Optimal Baseline Network Forming and Data Condition
.............. 200
9.2.3
Algorithms Using Secondary GPS
Observables
.......................... 201
9.3
Non-Equivalent Algorithms
.......................................................... 203
9.4
Standard Algorithms of GPS Data Processing
.................................... 203
9.4.1
Preparation of GPS Data Processing
....................................... 203
9.4.2
Single Point Positioning
...................................................... 204
9.4.3
Standard Un-Differential GPS Data Processing
.......................... 209
9.4.4
Equivalent Method of GPS Data Processing
.............................. 211
9.4.5
Relative Positioning
........................................................... 212
9.4.6
Velocity Determination
....................................................... 212
9.4.7
Kalman
Filtering Using Velocity Information
............................ 215
9.5
Accuracy of the Observational Geometry
......................................... 217
10
Applications of GPS Theory and Algorithms
.................................. 219
10.1
Software Development
................................................................ 219
10.1.1
Functional Library
............................................................. 219
10.1.2
Data Platform
................................................................... 223
10.1.3
A Data Processing Core
....................................................... 225
10.2
Concept of Precise Kinematic Positioning and Flight-State Monitoring
..... 226
10.2.1
Introduction
.................................................................... 226
10.2.2
Concept of Precise Kinematic Positioning
................................ 229
10.2.3
Concept of Flight-State Monitoring
........................................ 233
10.2.4
Results, Precision Estimation and Comparisons
..................... 235
10.2.5
Conclusions
..................................................................... 240
Π
Perturbed Orbit and its Determination
........................................ 243
11.1
Perturbed Equation of Satellite Motion
............................................ 243
11.1.1
Lagrangian Perturbed Equation of Satellite Motion
244
11.1.2
Gaussian Perturbed Equation of Satellite Motion
....................... 246
11.2
Perturbation Forces of Satellite Motion
............................................ 249
11.2.1
Perturbation of the Earth s Gravitational Field
........................... 249
11.2.2
Perturbation of the Sun and the Moon as well as Planets
254
11.2.3
Earth Tide and Ocean Tide Perturbations
................................. 255
11.2.4
Solar Radiation Pressure
................................ 258
11.2.5
Atmospheric Drag
...................................................... 262
11.2.6
Additional Perturbations
............................................ 265
Contents XVII
11.2.7 Order
Estimations
of Perturbations
........................................ 267
11.2.8 Ephemerides
of the Moon, the Sun and Planets
.......................... 267
11.3
Analysis Solution of the C20 Perturbed Orbit
..................................... 271
11.4
Orbit Correction
....................................................................... 277
11.5
Principle of GPS Precise Orbit Determination
................................... 281
11.5.1
Algebra Solution of the Variation Equation
............................... 283
11.6
Numerical Integration and Interpolation Algorithms
........................... 284
11.6.1
Runge-Kutta Algorithms
...................................................... 284
11.6.2
Adams Algorithms
............................................................. 289
11.6.3
Cowell Algorithms
............................................................. 291
11.6.4
Mixed Algorithms and Discussions
........................................ 293
11.6.5
Interpolation Algorithms
..................................................... 294
11.7
Orbit-Related Partial Derivatives
................................................... 294
12
Discussions
............................................................................. 305
12.1
Independent Parameterisation and A Priori Information
...................... 305
12.2
Equivalence of the GPS Data Processing Algorithms
............................ 307
Appendix
1
IAU
1980
Theory of Nutation
...................................................... 309
Appendix
2
Numerical Examples of the Diagonalisation of the Equations
........... 311
References
............................................................................. 317
Subject Index
.......................................................................... 337
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
1
Introduction
. 1
1.1
A
Key Note
of GPS
. 2
1.2
A
Brief Message
About GLONASS
. 3
1.3 Basic Information
of
Galileo.4
1.4
A Combined
Global Navigation
Satellite
System . 5
2
Coordinate and Time
Systems .7
2.1
Geocentric Earth-Fixed Coordinate
Systems . 7
2.2
Coordinate
System
Transformations
.10
2.3
Local Coordinate System
.11
2.4
Earth-Centred
Inerţial
Coordínate
System
.13
2.5
Geocentric Ecliptic
Inerţial
Coordinate System
.17
2.6
Time Systems
.17
3
Satellite Orbits
.21
3.1
Keplerian Motion
.21
3.1.1
Satellite Motion in the Orbital Plane
.24
3.1.2
Keplerian Equation
.27
3.1.3
State Vector of the Satellite
.29
3.2
Disturbed Satellite Motion
.31
3.3
GPS Broadcast
Ephemerides.32
3.4
IGS Precise
Ephemerides .34
3.5
GLONASS
Ephemerides .35
4
GPS
Observables
.37
4.1
Code Pseudoranges
.37
4.2
Carrier Phases
.39
4.3
Doppler
Measurements
.41
5
Physical Influences of GPS Surveying
.43
5.1
Ionospheric Effects
.43
5.1.1
Code Delay and Phase Advance
.43
5.1.2
Elimination of the Ionospheric Effects
.45
5.1.3
Ionospheric Models
.48
5.1.4
Mapping Functions
.51
XIV Contents
5.2
Tropospheric Effects
.55
5.2.1 Tropospheric Models.56
5.2.2
Mapping Functions and Parameterisation
.59
5.3
Relativistic Effects
.62
5.3.1
Special Relativity and General Relativity
.62
5.3.2
Relativistic Effects on GPS
.64
5.4
Earth Tide and Ocean Loading Tide Corrections
.67
5.4.1
Earth Tide Displacements of the GPS Station
.67
5.4.2
Simplified Model of the Earth Tide Displacements
.68
5.4.3
Numerical Examples of the Earth Tide Effects
.70
5.4.4
Ocean Loading Tide Displacement
.72
5.4.5
Computation of the Ocean Loading Tide Displacement
.75
5.4.6
Numerical Examples of Loading Tide Effects
.75
5.5
Clock Errors
.76
5.6
Multipath Effects
.78
5.6.1
GPS-Altimetry, Signals Reflected from the Earth-Surface
.79
5.6.2
Reflecting Point Positioning
.80
5.6.3
Image Point and Reflecting Surface Determination
.81
5.7
Anti-Spoofing and Selective Availability Effects
.82
5.8
Antenna Phase Centre Offset and Variation
.82
5.9
Instrumental Biases
.85
6
GPS Observation Equations and Equivalence Properties
.87
6.1
General Mathematical Models of GPS Observations
.87
6.2
Linearisation of the Observational Model
.89
6.3
Partial Derivatives of Observational Function
.90
6.4
Linear Transformation and Covariance Propagation
.94
6.5
Data Combinations
.95
6.5.1
Ionosphere-Free Combinations
.97
6.5.2
Geometry-Free Combinations
.98
6.5.3
Standard Phase-Code Combination
. 100
6.5.4
Ionospheric Residuals
. 101
6.5.5
Differential
Doppler
and
Doppler
Integration
. 102
6.6
Data Differentiations
. 104
6.6.1
Single Differences
. 105
6.6.2
Double Differences
. 107
6.6.3
Triple Differences
. 110
6.7
Equivalence of the Uncombined and Combining Algorithms
.
Ill
6.7.1
Uncombined GPS Data Processing Algorithms
. 112
6.7.2
Combining Algorithms of GPS Data Processing
. 114
6.7.3
Secondary GPS Data Processing Algorithms
. 119
6.7.4
Summary
. 122
6.8
Equivalence of Undifferenced and Differencing Algorithms
. 122
6.8.1
Introduction
. 122
6.8.2
Formation of Equivalent Observation Equations
. 123
6.8.3
Equivalent Equations of Single Differences
. 125
Contents
XV
6.8.4
Equivalent
Equations
of
Double
Differences
. 128
6.8.5
Equivalent Equations
of
Triple
Differences .
130
6.8.6
Method of Dealing with the Reference Parameters
. 130
6.8.7
Summary of the Unified Equivalent Algorithm
. 131
7
Adjustment and Filtering Methods
. 133
7.1
Introduction
. 133
7.2
Least Squares Adjustment
. 133
7.2.1
Least Squares Adjustment with Sequential Observation Groups
. 135
7.3
Sequential Least Squares Adjustment
. 137
7.4
Conditional Least Squares Adjustment
. 138
7.4.1
Sequential Application of Conditional Least Squares Adjustment
. 140
7.5
Block-Wise Least Squares Adjustment
. 141
7.5.1
Sequential Solution of Block-Wise Least Squares Adjustment
. 143
7.5.2
Block-Wise Least Squares for Code-Phase Combination
. 145
7.6
Equivalently Eliminated Observation Equation System
. 146
7.6.1
Diagonalised Normal Equation and the Equivalent
Observation Equation
. 148
7.7
Kalman
Filter
. 150
7.7.1
Classic
Kalman
Filter
. 150
7.7.2
Kalman
Filter
-
A General Form of Sequential
Least Squares Adjustment
. 151
7.7.3
Robust
Kalman
Filter
. 152
7.7.4
Adaptively Robust
Kalman
Filtering
. 155
7.8
A Priori Constrained Least Squares Adjustment
. 159
7.8.1
A Priori Parameter Constraints
. 159
7.8.2
A Priori Datum
. 160
7.8.3
Quasi-Stable Datum
. 161
7.9
Summary
. 163
8
Cycle Slip Detection and Ambiguity Resolution
. 167
8.1
Cycle Slip Detection
. 167
8.2
Method of Dealing with Cycle Slips
. 168
8.3
A General Criterion of Integer Ambiguity Search
. 169
8.3.1
Introduction
. 169
8.3.2
Summary of Conditional Least Squares Adjustment
. 170
8.3.3
Float Solution
. 171
8.3.4
Integer Ambiguity Search in Ambiguity Domain
. 172
8.3.5
Integer Ambiguity Search in Coordinate
and Ambiguity Domains
. 174
8.3.6
Properties of the General Criterion
. 175
8.3.7
An Equivalent Ambiguity Search Criterion and its Properties
. 176
8.3.8
Numerical Examples of the Equivalent Criterion
. 178
8.3.9
Conclusions and Comments
. 181
8.4
Ambiguity Function
. 182
8.4.1
Maximum Property of Ambiguity Function
. 183
XVI Contents
9
Parameterisation and Algorithms
of GPS Data Processing
. 187
9.1
Parameterisation
of the GPS Observation
Model
. 187
9.1.1
Evidence of the
Parameterisation Problem
of the Undifferenced
Observation
Model
. 187
9.1.2
A Method of Uncorrelated Bias
Parameterisation
. 189
9.1.3
Geometry-Free Illustration .
195
9.1.4
Correlation Analysis in the Case of Phase-Code Combinations
. 195
9.1.5
Conclusions and Comments
. 197
9.2
Equivalence of the GPS Data Processing Algorithms
. 198
9.2.1
Equivalence Theorem of GPS Data Processing Algorithms
. 198
9.2.2
Optimal Baseline Network Forming and Data Condition
. 200
9.2.3
Algorithms Using Secondary GPS
Observables
. 201
9.3
Non-Equivalent Algorithms
. 203
9.4
Standard Algorithms of GPS Data Processing
. 203
9.4.1
Preparation of GPS Data Processing
. 203
9.4.2
Single Point Positioning
. 204
9.4.3
Standard Un-Differential GPS Data Processing
. 209
9.4.4
Equivalent Method of GPS Data Processing
. 211
9.4.5
Relative Positioning
. 212
9.4.6
Velocity Determination
. 212
9.4.7
Kalman
Filtering Using Velocity Information
. 215
9.5
Accuracy of the Observational Geometry
. 217
10
Applications of GPS Theory and Algorithms
. 219
10.1
Software Development
. 219
10.1.1
Functional Library
. 219
10.1.2
Data Platform
. 223
10.1.3
A Data Processing Core
. 225
10.2
Concept of Precise Kinematic Positioning and Flight-State Monitoring
. 226
10.2.1
Introduction
. 226
10.2.2
Concept of Precise Kinematic Positioning
. 229
10.2.3
Concept of Flight-State Monitoring
. 233
10.2.4
Results, Precision Estimation and Comparisons
. 235
10.2.5
Conclusions
. 240
Π
Perturbed Orbit and its Determination
. 243
11.1
Perturbed Equation of Satellite Motion
. 243
11.1.1
Lagrangian Perturbed Equation of Satellite Motion
244
11.1.2
Gaussian Perturbed Equation of Satellite Motion
. 246
11.2
Perturbation Forces of Satellite Motion
. 249
11.2.1
Perturbation of the Earth's Gravitational Field
. 249
11.2.2
Perturbation of the Sun and the Moon as well as Planets
254
11.2.3
Earth Tide and Ocean Tide Perturbations
. 255
11.2.4
Solar Radiation Pressure
. 258
11.2.5
Atmospheric Drag
. 262
11.2.6
Additional Perturbations
. 265
Contents XVII
11.2.7 Order
Estimations
of Perturbations
. 267
11.2.8 Ephemerides
of the Moon, the Sun and Planets
. 267
11.3
Analysis Solution of the C20 Perturbed Orbit
. 271
11.4
Orbit Correction
. 277
11.5
Principle of GPS Precise Orbit Determination
. 281
11.5.1
Algebra Solution of the Variation Equation
. 283
11.6
Numerical Integration and Interpolation Algorithms
. 284
11.6.1
Runge-Kutta Algorithms
. 284
11.6.2
Adams Algorithms
. 289
11.6.3
Cowell Algorithms
. 291
11.6.4
Mixed Algorithms and Discussions
. 293
11.6.5
Interpolation Algorithms
. 294
11.7
Orbit-Related Partial Derivatives
. 294
12
Discussions
. 305
12.1
Independent Parameterisation and A Priori Information
. 305
12.2
Equivalence of the GPS Data Processing Algorithms
. 307
Appendix
1
IAU
1980
Theory of Nutation
. 309
Appendix
2
Numerical Examples of the Diagonalisation of the Equations
. 311
References
. 317
Subject Index
. 337 |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:43:58Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:58:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540727149 9783540678120 3540727140 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Xu, Guochang Verfasser aut GPS theory, algorithms and applications Guochang Xu 2. ed. Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2007 XXII, 340 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Global Positioning System GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 gnd rswk-swf GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015676929&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Xu, Guochang GPS theory, algorithms and applications Global Positioning System GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4216824-7 |
| title | GPS theory, algorithms and applications |
| title_auth | GPS theory, algorithms and applications |
| title_exact_search | GPS theory, algorithms and applications |
| title_exact_search_txtP | GPS theory, algorithms and applications |
| title_full | GPS theory, algorithms and applications Guochang Xu |
| title_fullStr | GPS theory, algorithms and applications Guochang Xu |
| title_full_unstemmed | GPS theory, algorithms and applications Guochang Xu |
| title_short | GPS |
| title_sort | gps theory algorithms and applications |
| title_sub | theory, algorithms and applications |
| topic | Global Positioning System GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Global Positioning System GPS |
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