Environmental deterioration of materials
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| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Southampton [u.a.]
WIT Press
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | International series on advances in architecture
21 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000zcb4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV022468073 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20071114 | ||
| 007 | t| | ||
| 008 | 070618s2007 xxkad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 010 | |a 2006929309 | ||
| 020 | |a 1845640322 |9 1-84564-032-2 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781845640323 |9 978-1-84564-032-3 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)82142977 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)DNB 2006929309 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a xxk |c GB | ||
| 049 | |a DE-703 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a TA418.74 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 620.1/122 | |
| 084 | |a ZI 4960 |0 (DE-625)156454: |2 rvk | ||
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Environmental deterioration of materials |c ed. A. Moncmanová |
| 264 | 1 | |a Southampton [u.a.] |b WIT Press |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a 312 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a International series on advances in architecture |v 21 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Construction - Matériaux - Détérioration | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Corrosion | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Matériaux - Détérioration | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Materials |x Deterioration | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Materials |x Biodeterioration | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Building materials |x Deterioration | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Moncmanová, Anežka |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 830 | 0 | |a International series on advances in architecture |v 21 |w (DE-604)BV011681612 |9 21 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015675617&sequence=000006&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015675617 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819589246558666752 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xiii
Introduction xv
Chapter 1
Environmental factors that influence the deterioration of materials
A. Moncmanová
1 Introduction............................................................................................. 1
2 Meteorological and climatic factors........................................................ 3
2.1 Moisture...................................................................................... 4
2.2 Temperature................................................................................ 5
2.3 Solar radiation............................................................................. 6
2.4 Wind effect.................................................................................. 6
3 Harmful effects of air, water, and soil..................................................... 7
3.1 Effects of air pollutants and natural atmospheric constituents... 7
3.2 Effects of water........................................................................... 14
3.3 Detrimental effects of soil........................................................... 18
4 Biodeterioration of materials................................................................... 20
4.1 Effects of micro- and macro-organisms...................................... 21
Chapter 2
Environmental deterioration of metals
P. Novak
1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 27
2 Electrochemical corrosion of metals....................................................... 29
2.1 Basic electrochemical terms....................................................... 29
2.2 Thermodynamic assumptions of metallic corrosion................... 31
2.3 Corrosion reaction kinetics......................................................... 34
3 Types of corrosion................................................................................... 42
3.1 Uniform corrosion....................................................................... 42
3.2 Galvanic and concentration cells (macrocells)........................... 42
3.3 Crevice corrosion........................................................................ 43
3.4 Pitting corrosion.......................................................................... 44
3.5 Intergranular corrosion................................................................ 45
3.6 Selective corrosion...................................................................... 47
3.7 Environmentally induced cracking............................................. 48
3.8 Erosion corrosion........................................................................ 50
3.9 Hydrogen damage ...................................................................... 52
4 Corrosion environments ......................................................................... 53
4.1 Atmosphere................................................................................. 53
4.2 Aqueous solutions....................................................................... 55
4.3 Soil.............................................................................................. 59
4.4 Concrete...................................................................................... 60
5 Corrosion protection methods................................................................. 63
5.1 Material selection....................................................................... 63
5.2 Coatings ..................................................................................... 64
5.3 Modification of corrosive environment..................................... 65
5.4 Design......................................................................................... 66
5.5 Electrochemical protection......................................................... 67
5.6 Corrosion testing and monitoring .............................................. 69
6 Economic impacts................................................................................... 70
Chapter 3
Corrosivity of atmospheres - derivation and use of information
D. Knotkova K. Krieslova
1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 73
2 Corrosivity as a property of material-and-environment system............. 73
3 Classification of corrosivity for technical purposes basis for
standardization........................................................................................ 75
3.1 Classification based on characterization of atmosphere............ 77
3.2 Classification based on measurement of corrosion rate ............ 77
4 Classification of low corrosivity of indoor atmospheres........................ 79
5 Derivation of corrosivity of exposure locations, monitoring................. 81
5.1 Estimation of degree of stress caused by pollution and
other environmental factors on materials, products
and constructions ....................................................................... 81
5.2 Monitoring effect of pollution and other environmental
factors on materials and objects................................................. 85
6 Using new knowledge to improve classification systems...................... 88
7 Trends in corrosivity of atmosphere within Europe............................... 90
8 Technical use of information on corrosivity .......................................... 95
9 Mapping of regional layout of corrosivity of atmospheres....................100
10 Conclusion.............................................................................................. 102
Chapter 4
Atmospheric corrosion and conservation of copper and bronze
D. Knotkova K. Krieslova
1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 107
2 Atmospheric corrosion of copper and its alloys..................................... 108
2.1 Corrosivity of atmospheres and guiding corrosion values for
copper and copper alloys ........................................................... 109
2.2 Formation mechanism of surface layers .................................... Ill
2.3 Influence of selected factors on quality of forming layers ........ 112
2.4 Identification of individual corrosion products ......................... 113
2.5 Composition of surface layers and patina components
characteristics............................................................................. 114
3 Typical corrosion manifestations on copper and bronze objects ........... 117
3.1 Sculptures and objects of art...................................................... 117
3.2 Copper roofs, cladding and metalwork elements....................... 119
4 Selected methods of cleaning and conserving copper and
bronze objects.......................................................................................... 120
4.1 Cleaning of copper and bronze objects, namely sculptures........ 121
4.2 Artificial patination.................................................................... 126
4.3 Conservation .............................................................................. 130
5 Economic impacts................................................................................... 132
6 Impact of atmospheric corrosion of copper and its alloys
on the environment................................................................................. 133
7 Case studies ............................................................................................ 136
7.1 Case study 1 - Decoration element on the roof of
Museum of Applied Arts in Prague ........................................... 136
7.2 Case study 2 - Sculpture of St. John of Nepomuk
on the Charles bridge in Prague................................................. 137
7.3 Case study 3 - Roof of Queen Anne s Summer Palace
in Royal Garden in Prague......................................................... 138
Chapter 5
Environmental deterioration of concrete
A.J. Boyd J. Skalny
1 Introduction............................................................................................. 143
1.1 Physics and chemistry of concrete formation............................ 143
1.2 Mechanisms of concrete deterioration....................................... 151
2 Chemical deterioration of cement paste components............................. 154
2.1 Aggressive soils and ground water............................................155
2.2 Industrial and agricultural chemicals......................................... 164
2.3 Atmospheric deterioration .........................................................164
3 Deterioration of aggregates in concrete..................................................168
3.1 Alkali-aggregate reaction..........................................................169
3.2 Frost damage to aggregate: D-cracking.....................................172
4 Corrosion of steel reinforcement............................................................ 173
5 Damage to concrete by repeated freezing and thawing.......................... 174
5.1 Mechanisms of freeze-thaw damage......................................... 174
5.2 Surface scaling...........................................................................175
5.3 Overall effect..............................................................................176
5.4 Prevention of freeze-thaw damage............................................177
6 Mechanical deterioration of concrete......................................................178
6.1 Abrasion.....................................................................................179
6.2 Erosion .......................................................................................180
6.3 Cavitation................................................................................... 180
6.4 Prevention of mechanical damage.............................................180
7 Structural consequences of environmental damage ...............................180
8 Economic considerations........................................................................181
Chapter 6
Corrosion of steel reinforcement
C. Andrade
1 Principles of corrosion............................................................................185
1.1 Corrosion morphology................................................................186
1.2 Notions of electrochemical potential .........................................187
1.3 Pourbaix diagrams .....................................................................188
1.4 Polarization ................................................................................189
1.5 Calculation of corrosion rate......................................................190
2 Damage to structural concrete due to corrosion.....................................191
2.1 Carbonation................................................................................192
2.2 Chloride attack...........................................................................193
3 Final remarks ..........................................................................................213
Chapter 7
Environmental pollution effects on other building materials
P. Rovaníková
1 Introduction ............................................................................................217
2 Lime and mixed external coating ...........................................................219
2.1 Composition and properties .......................................................219
2.2 Binding materials damage..........................................................220
2.3 Pollution prevention measures...................................................224
3 Plaster of Paris........................................................................................225
3.1 Composition and properties.......................................................225
3.2 Deterioration of gypsum binder.................................................227
3.3 Prevention measures ..................................................................228
4 Bricks......................................................................................................229
4.1 Properties of bricks ....................................................................229
4.2 Effect of freezing .......................................................................231
4.3 Effect of salts .............................................................................232
4.4 Pollution prevention measures...................................................233
5 Natural stone...........................................................................................234
5.1 Physical influences.....................................................................234
5.2 Chemical effects.........................................................................236
5.3 Biological effects .......................................................................237
5.4 Types of building stone and its damage.....................................238
5.5 Pollution prevention measures...................................................240
6 Deterioration of the sandstone adornment of the St. Peter and
Paul s Cathedral in Brno.........................................................................241
Chapter 8
Environmental deterioration of building materials
R. Drochytka V. Petránek
1 Introduction ............................................................................................249
2 Damage to residential and office buildings............................................250
2.1 Concrete and reinforced concrete structures..............................251
2.2 Masonry structures.....................................................................254
3 Environmental damage to industrial buildings.......................................259
3.1 Reinforced concrete framing and concrete halls........................260
3.2 Cooling towers...........................................................................263
3.3 Wastewater treatment plant, sewerage system and pits.............269
4 Environmental damage to transportation infrastructure.........................273
4.1 Bridges and pavements ..............................................................273
4.2 Tunnels.......................................................................................276
5 Farm buildings deterioration ..................................................................278
5.1 Corrosion effects during storage of fertilisers ...........................280
5.2 Micro-climate and indoor pollution of stables and
corrosive solutions .....................................................................280
5.3 Bio-corrosion of concrete ..........................................................282
6 Deterioration of other structures.............................................................282
6.1 Damage to materials containing polymers.................................283
6.2 Piles............................................................................................285
Chapter 9
Environmental deterioration of timber
S. Mindess
1 Introduction ............................................................................................287
2 Wood as a material .................................................................................288
3 Biological factors which cause deterioration .........................................291
3.1 Fungi ..........................................................................................292
3.2 Bacteria ......................................................................................2%
3.3 Insects.........................................................................................296
3.4 Marine borers .............................................................................298
4 Non-biological factors that cause deterioration......................................298
4.1 Weathering.................................................................................298
4.2 Exposure to chemicals and other environmental factors ...........299
5 Fire..........................................................................................................300
6 Techniques for preserving wood ............................................................301
6.1 Waterborne preservatives...........................................................302
6.2 Oilborne preservatives ...............................................................302
6.3 Weather-resistant coatings.........................................................303
7 Fire retardants .........................................................................................303
7.1 Surface coatings.........................................................................304
7.2 Pressure impregnation................................................................304
8 Economic considerations.........................................................................304
Index 307
|
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| id | DE-604.BV022468073 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T20:05:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1845640322 9781845640323 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2006929309 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015675617 |
| oclc_num | 82142977 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | 312 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | WIT Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | International series on advances in architecture |
| series2 | International series on advances in architecture |
| spellingShingle | Environmental deterioration of materials International series on advances in architecture Construction - Matériaux - Détérioration Corrosion Matériaux - Détérioration Materials Deterioration Materials Biodeterioration Building materials Deterioration |
| title | Environmental deterioration of materials |
| title_auth | Environmental deterioration of materials |
| title_exact_search | Environmental deterioration of materials |
| title_full | Environmental deterioration of materials ed. A. Moncmanová |
| title_fullStr | Environmental deterioration of materials ed. A. Moncmanová |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental deterioration of materials ed. A. Moncmanová |
| title_short | Environmental deterioration of materials |
| title_sort | environmental deterioration of materials |
| topic | Construction - Matériaux - Détérioration Corrosion Matériaux - Détérioration Materials Deterioration Materials Biodeterioration Building materials Deterioration |
| topic_facet | Construction - Matériaux - Détérioration Corrosion Matériaux - Détérioration Materials Deterioration Materials Biodeterioration Building materials Deterioration |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015675617&sequence=000006&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV011681612 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT moncmanovaanezka environmentaldeteriorationofmaterials |