Schiff's diseases of the liver [ed. by] Eugene R. Schiff ...

Schiff's diseases of the liver [ed. by] Eugene R. Schiff ... 1 : [including expanded liver transplant section]

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Veröffentlicht: Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.] Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins 2007
Ausgabe:10. ed.
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245 1 0 |a Schiff's diseases of the liver  |b [ed. by] Eugene R. Schiff ...  |n 1 : [including expanded liver transplant section] 
250 |a 10. ed. 
264 1 |a Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.]  |b Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins  |c 2007 
300 |a XXXIV, 874, 48 S.  |b Ill., graph. Darst. 
336 |b txt  |2 rdacontent 
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700 1 |a Schiff, Eugene R.  |e Sonstige  |4 oth 
700 1 |a Sorrell, Michael F.  |e Sonstige  |4 oth 
700 1 |a Maddrey, Willis C.  |e Sonstige  |4 oth 
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856 4 2 |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg  |q application/pdf  |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015511960&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA  |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis 
943 1 |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015511960 

Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_ 1819786186920558592
adam_text Contents Contributors .................................................................. xxi Preface to First Edition .......................................................... xxxi Preface ...................................................................... xxxiii VOLUME 1 section I Overview: Clinical Fundamentals of Hepatology __________________________ 1 History Taking and Physical Examination for the Patient with Liver Disease ............. 3 NORTON J. GREENBERGER History Taking for the Patient with Jaundice or Abnormal Results of Liver Tests .............. 3 Physical Examination of the Patient with Jaundice or Abnormal Results of Liver Tests .......... 6 Role of Noninvasive Imaging ..................................................... 13 Case Vignettes: Practical Considerations ............................................. 15 2 Laboratory Tests .............................................................. 19 DANIEL S. PRATT, MARSHALL M. KAPLAN Tests of Capacity of Liver to Transport Organic Anions and to Metabolize Drugs .............. 20 Tests for Detection of Injury to Hepatocytes (Serum Enzyme Tests) ........................ 34 Tests of the Biosynthetic Capacity of the Liver ........................................ 49 Tests Used to Detect Fibrosis in the Liver ............................................ 53 Tests Used to Detect Chronic Inflammation or Fibrosis in the Liver or Altered Immunoregulation 54 Use of Liver Function Tests ...................................................... 54 3 Liver Biopsy and Laparoscopy ................................................... 61 MICAL S. CAMPBELL, LENNOX J. JEFFERS, К. RAJENDER REDDY Introduction .................................................................. 61 Percutaneous Liver Biopsy ....................................................... 62 Transjugular Liver Biopsy ........................................................ 65 Liver Biopsy in Special Patient Populations ........................................... 66 Laparoscopy .................................................................. 66 Noninvasive Surrogates for Biopsy ................................................. 71 Indications for Liver Biopsy ...................................................... 72 Conclusion ................................................................... 75 4 Imaging ..................................................................... 85 FURQAAN AHMED, DEIRDRE COLL, IRA M. JACOBSON Noninvasive Imaging of the Liver .................................................. 83 Selected Clinical Problems ....................................................... 93 5 Interventional Radiology Procedures for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Disease 127 BART L. DOLMATCH, DOUGLAS M. COLDWELL Angiography .................................................................. 128 Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography ......................................... 133 vii viii CONTENTS Liver Biopsy .................................................................. 136 Angioplasty and Stenting ........................................................ 138 Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ........................................ 140 Thrombolytic Therapy .......................................................... 143 Embolotherapy ................................................................ 143 Percutaneous Needle-Directed Tumor Ablation ....................................... 148 Percutaneous Abscess Drainage ................................................... 150 Percutaneous Cholecystostomy .................................................... 151 Conclusion ................................................................... 151 6 Endoscopie Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography .................................. 157 RICHARD KWON, DAVID L. CARR-LOCKE Indications and Contraindications ................................................. 157 Techniques ................................................................... 159 Complications ................................................................. 162 Benign or Premalignant Biliary Obstruction .......................................... 164 Hepatobiliary Surgery and Complications ............................................ 167 Other Benign Biliary Strictures and Injuries .......................................... 171 Malignant Biliary Obstruction ..................................................... 171 Other Biliary Disease Infections ................................................... 173 Pediatrie Endoscopie Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ............................. 174 section II General Considerations ________________________________________________ 7 Physioanatomic Considerations .................................................. 181 IAN R. WANLESS Surface Anatomy ............................................................... 182 Segmental Anatomy ............................................................ 183 Embryology .................................................................. 185 Large Vessels of the Liver ........................................................ 187 Lymphatics ................................................................... 191 Nerves ...................................................................... 191 Biliary System ................................................................. 191 Microanatomy ................................................................. 193 Physioanatomic Aspects of Human Liver Disease ...................................... 204 8 Bilirubin Metabolism and Jaundice ............................................... 213 ALLAN W. WOLKOFF, PAUL D. BERK Sources, Structure, and Plasma Transport of Bilirubin .................................. 214 Hepatic Disposition of Bilirubin ................................................... 220 Fate of Bilirubin in the Gastrointestinal Tract ......................................... 222 Bilirubin in the Urine ........................................................... 222 Clinical Physiology of Bilirubin .................................................... 222 Measurement of Plasma Bilirubin Concentration ...................................... 223 Hyperbilirubinemia and Jaundice .................................................. 225 Familial Hyperbilirubinemias ..................................................... 228 Familial Cholestasis Syndromes ................................................... 237 9 Hepatic Histopathology ........................................................ 245 ZACHARY D. GOODMAN, HALA R. MAKHLOUF Systematic Approach to the Liver Biopsy ............................................. 246 Morphologic Patterns of Injury .................................................... 253 CONTENTS ix 10 Mechanisms of Liver Injury ..................................................... 313 HARMEET MALHI, GREGORY J. GORES Basic Mechanisms .............................................................. 313 Disease Mechanisms ............................................................ 319 Therapeutic Implications ........................................................ 323 Acknowledgments ............................................................. 324 11 The Liver in Systemic Disease ................................................... 329 LAWRENCE S. FRIEDMAN, ANDREW S. ROSS Endocrine Disorders ............................................................ 329 Čeliac Disease ................................................................. 334 Rheumatic Diseases ............................................................. 334 Psoriasis ..................................................................... 337 Sickle Cell Disease ............................................................. 337 Amyloidosis .................................................................. 339 Sarcoidosis ................................................................... 340 Lymphoma ................................................................... 342 Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia .............................................. 343 Stauffer s Syndrome ............................................................ 344 Systemic Mastocytosis ........................................................... 344 12 Hematologic Disorders and the Liver .............................................. 349 JEFFREY I. ZWICKER, REED E. DREWS Red Blood Cell Abnormalities Caused by Liver Disease .................................. 350 Liver Disease Caused by Red Blood Cell Abnormalities .................................. 351 Myeloproliferative Disorders and the Liver ........................................... 352 Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Hepatic Vascular Complications ................. 353 Thrombocytopenia in Liver Disease ................................................ 353 Hemolysis with Microangiopathic Blood Smear, Elevated Liver Enzymes, and Low Platelets in Pregnancy .................................................................... 354 Decreased Synthesis of Coagulation Factors .......................................... 354 Functional Deficiencies of Coagulation Factors ....................................... 355 Consumptive Coagulopathy ...................................................... 355 13 Nutrition and the Liver ......................................................... 365 ALAN L BUCHMAN, KEVIN KORENBLATT, SAMUEL KLEIN Metabolic and Nutritional Principles ............................................... 366 Malnutrition .................................................................. 373 Metabolic Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Liver Disease ................................... 378 Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease ........................................ 378 Nutritional Management of Patients with Liver Disease ................................. 380 section III Consequences of Liver Disease 14 Hepatic Fihrosis .............................................................. 395 SCOTT L. FRIEDMAN The Biologic Basis of Hepatic Fibrosis ............................................... 395 Clinical Aspects of Hepatic Fibrosis ................................................ 403 Future Prospects ............................................................... 410 Supporting Research Grants ...................................................... 410 χ CONTENTS 15 Portal Hypertension and Nonsurgical Management .................................. 419 JAIME BOSCH, GENNARO D AMICO, JUAN С. GARCÍA-PAGÁN Etiology of Portal Hypertension ................................................... 421 Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension ............................................. 426 Pathophysiology of Variceal Hemorrhage ............................................ 432 Assessment of Hepatic Hemodynamics in Patients with Cirrhosis .......................... 434 Clinical Consequences of Portal Hypertension ........................................ 442 Pathophysiologic Basis of Therapy ................................................. 448 Acknowledgments ............................................................. 475 16 Surgical Management of Portal Hypertension ....................................... 485 J. MICHAEL HENDERSON History ...................................................................... 485 Anatomy ..................................................................... 486 Pathophysiology ............................................................... 487 Evaluation ................................................................... 487 Portal Decompression ........................................................... 488 Surgical Methods .............................................................. 488 Management Strategies for Variceal Bleeding ......................................... 492 New Trends as a Consequence of Improved Control of Variceal Bleeding .................... 493 17 Renal Complications and Hepatorenal Syndrome .................................... 497 ANDRÉS CÁRDENAS, PERE GINÈS, JUAN RODÉS Clinical Features ............................................................... 498 Factors Responsible for the Renal Functional Abnormalities in Cirrhosis .................... 504 Pathogenesis of Renal Functional Abnormalities ............... ....................... 505 Management of the Functional Renal Abnormalities in Cirrhosis .......................... 506 18 Pulmonary Manifestations of Liver Disease ........................................ 513 MICHAEL B. FALLON, MIGUEL R. ARGUEDAS Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ..................................................... 513 Portopulmonary Hypertension .................................................... 519 Summary and Conclusions ....................................................... 523 19 Ascites and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ...................................... 527 VICENTE ARROYO, MIGUEL NAVASA Ascites ...................................................................... 530 Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis .................................................. 555 20 Hepatic Encephalopathy ........................................................ 569 JUAN CÓRDOBA, ANDRÉS T. BLEI Pathogenesis.................................................................. 570 Clinical Features............................................................... 580 Methods for the Assessment of Hepatic Encephalopathy ................................. 582 Principles of Treatment .......................................................... 585 Management of the Acute Episode of Hepatic Encephalopathy ............................ 590 Management of the Patient with Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy ......................... 592 21 Fulminant Hepatic Failure ...................................................... 601 STEPHEN M. RIORDAN, JELICA KURTOVIC, ROGER WILLIAMS Etiology and Related Clinical Implications ........................................... 602 Spectrum of Liver Damage ....................................................... 607 CONTENTS xi Mechanisms Impacting Hepatocellular Regeneration ................................... 609 Pathophysiology of the Resultant Clinical Syndrome ................................... 610 Supportive Management ......................................................... 612 Selection Criteria for Liver Transplantation .......................................... 615 Auxiliary Partial Transplantation .................................................. 619 Extracorporeal Liver Support ..................................................... 620 Hepatocyte and Stem Cell Transplantation ........................................... 625 section IV Cholestatic Disorders ___________________________________________________ 22 Gallstone Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment ..................................... 639 JOANNE M. DONOVAN, FRED M. KONIKOFF Pathophysiology of Gallstone Formation ............................................ 640 Clinical Spectrum of Gallstone Disease .............................................. 649 Diagnostic Modalities in Gallstone Disease ........................................... 651 Management of Gallstones ....................................................... 652 23 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis .................................................. 665 KONSTANTINOS N. LAZARIDIS, NICHOLAS F. LARUSSO Epidemiology ................................................................. 665 Pathogenesis .................................................................. 666 Clinical Features ............................................................... 668 Laboratory Findings ............................................................ 668 Diagnostic Criteria and Differential Diagnosis ......................................... 669 Natural History ................................................................ 670 Associated Diseases ............................................................. 671 Management .................................................................. 671 Conclusions .................................................................. 674 24 Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ....................................................... 679 STEPHEN P. JAMES Epidemiology ................................................................. 680 Genetics ..................................................................... 680 Symptoms .................................................................... 681 Physical Findings .............................................................. 681 Routine Laboratory Tests ........................................................ 681 Autoantibodies ................................................................ 682 Pathology .................................................................... 683 Associated Syndromes ........................................................... 685 Overlap Syndromes ............................................................. 685 Complications ................................................................. 685 Pathogenesis .................................................................. 686 Diagnosis .................................................................... 687 Treatment .................................................................... 688 Liver Transplantation ........................................................... 691 Natural History and Prognosis .................................................... 691 25 Postoperative Jaundice ......................................................... 697 SANTIAGO J. MUN0Z, MARY T. K1LLACKEY Evaluation of Preoperative Risk Factors for Jaundice ................................... 698 Causes of Postoperative Jaundice .................................................. 698 Postoperative Jaundice due to Biliary Obstruction ...................................... 698 xii CONTENTS Postoperative Intrahepatic Cholestasis .............................................. 700 Benign Postoperative Cholestasis .................................................. 702 Hepatic Ischemia .............................................................. 703 Postoperative Jaundice due to Increased Bilirubin Load ................................. 703 Postoperative Jaundice Associated with Parenteral Nutrition ............................. 704 Postoperative Jaundice following Liver Transplantation ................................. 705 section V Viral Hepatitis eugene r. schiff____________________________ 26 The Hepatitis Viruses .......................................................... 709 AMANY ZEKRY, JOHN G. McHUTCHISON Hepatitis A Virus ............................................................... 710 Hepatitis В Viras............................................................... 712 Hepatitis С Virus .............................................................. 717 Hepatitis Delta Viras ............................................................ 720 Hepatitis E Virus ............................................................... 722 Hepatitis G Viras .............................................................. 723 Herpesviruses ................................................................. 723 27 Hepatitis A ................................................................... 729 MARIA H. SJÖGREN Virology ..................................................................... 729 Epidemiology ................................................................. 730 Pathogenesis .................................................................. 731 Clinical Features ............................................................... 732 Diagnosis .................................................................... 733 Prevention and Treatment ........................................................ 733 28 Hepatitis E ................................................................... 739 MARIA H. SJÖGREN Virology ..................................................................... 739 Epidemiology ................................................................. 740 Pathogenesis .................................................................. 740 Clinical Features .............................................................. 741 Diagnosis .................................................................... 741 Prevention and Treatment ........................................................ 741 23 Hepatitis В and D ............................................................. 745 ANNA S. F. LOK, HÄRI S. CONJEEVARAM, FRANCESCO NEGRO Epidemiology ................................................................. 745 Vaccination ................................................................... 749 Diagnosis .................................................................... 752 Clinical Manifestations .......................................................... 755 Natural History ................................................................ 760 Hepatitis В Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma ....................................... 764 Hepatitis В Virus Genotypes and Variants ............................................ 766 Treatment .................................................................... 770 Hepatitis D ................................................................... 786 30 Hepatitis С .................................................................. 807 GARY L. DAVIS History ...................................................................... 807 Virology ..................................................................... 808 CONTENTS xiii Host Responses and Pathogenesis of Liver Disease ..................................... 813 Diagnostic Tests ............................................................... 819 Epidemiology ................................................................. 824 Natural History ................................................................ 830 Prevention and Treatment ........................................................ 835 31 Autoimmune Hepatitis ......................................................... 865 MICHAEL P. MANNS, MATTHIAS J. BAHR, HEIKE BANTEL History and Definition .......................................................... 865 Epidemiology ................................................................. 866 Pathophysiology ............................................................... 866 Clinical Presentation of Autoimmune Hepatitis ....................................... 867 Diagnosis .................................................................... 867 Natural Course and Prognosis ..................................................... 867 Treatment Indications ........................................................... 869 Induction of Remission .......................................................... 869 Maintenance of Remission ....................................................... 869 Failure of Remission ............................................................ 869 Alternative Treatment Strategies ................................................... 870 Liver Transplantation ........................................................... 871 Future Directions and Conclusions ................................................. 871 VOLUME 2 section VI Alcohol and Drug-Induced Disease willis с. maddrey ___________ 32 Alcoholic Liver Disease ......................................................... 881 SRINIVASAN DASARATHY, ARTHUR J. McCULLOUGH Disease Spectrum .............................................................. 882 Risk Factors .................................................................. 883 Diagnosis .................................................................... 888 Pathogenesis .................................................................. 893 Prognostic Factors ............................................................. 896 Therapy ..................................................................... 898 Potential New Treatment Options .................................................. 908 Future Directions .............................................................. 909 Summary and Conclusions ....................................................... 910 33 Drug-Induced liver Disease ..................................................... 923 SHIVAKUMAR CHITTURI, GEOFFREY С FARRELL Introduction ................................................................. 924 Epidemiology and Risk Factors .................................................... 927 Toward Better Outcomes ........................................................ 930 Diagnosis of Drug-Induced Liver Disease ............................................ 932 Clinicopathologic Syndromes of Drug-Induced Liver Disease ............................ 935 Role of Drugs in Muhifactorial Liver Disease ......................................... 942 Liver Disease Associated with Particular Classes of Drugs ............................... 943 34 Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Liver Injury ......................................... 1005 PAUL B. WATKINS Mechanisms of Predictable Hepatotoxicity ........................................... 1006 Enzymes Involved in Generating Reactive Metabolites .................................. 1009 xiv CONTENTS Enzymes Involved in the Safe Elimination of Reactive Metabolites ......................... 1009 How the Reactive Metabolites Cause Hepatotoxicity .................................... 1010 Progression versus Recovery ...................................................... 1012 Variation in Susceptibility to Drug-Induced Liver Injury ................................. 1013 Relevance of Predictable Toxicity to Idiosyncratic Toxicity ............................... 1014 Hepatotoxicity Not Related to Reactive Metabolites .................................... 1016 The Pharmaceutical Industry and Preclinical Drug Testing ............................... 1016 Summary and Future Directions .................................................. 1017 section VII Genetics and Metabolic Disease ______________________________________ 35 Wilson Disease ............................................................... 1023 MICHAEL L SCHILSKY, ANTHONY S. TAVILL History ...................................................................... 1023 Genetics ..................................................................... 1024 Pathophysiology ............................................................... 1025 Pathology .................................................................... 1027 Diagnosis .................................................................... 1031 Molecular Genetic Studies ....................................................... 1033 Ultrastructural Studies .......................................................... 1033 Clinical Manifestations .......................................................... 1034 Treatment .................................................................... 1035 36 Hemochromatosis and Iron Storage Disorders ...................................... 1041 BRUCE R. BACON, ROBERT S. BRITTON History ...................................................................... 1042 Classification of Iron Overload Syndromes ........................................... 1043 HFE-Related Hereditary Hemochromatosis ........................................... 1043 Non-HFE-Related Hereditary Hemochromatosis ...................................... 1048 Clinical Features of Hereditary Hemochromatosis ..................................... 1049 Diagnosis of Hereditary Hemochromatosis ........................................... 1049 Treatment of Hereditary Hemochromatosis ........................................... 1051 Family and Population Screening for Hereditary Hemochromatosis ........................ 1052 Analysis of HFE Mutations in Patients with Liver Disease ................................ 1053 Other Iron Storage Disorders ..................................................... 1054 Summary .................................................................... 1055 Acknowledgments ............................................................. 1055 37 ofi-Antitrypsin Deficiency ....................................................... 1063 DAVID H. PERLMUTTER Incidence .................................................................... 1063 Liver Disease: Clinical Manifestations ............................................... 1064 Lung Disease: Clinical Manifestations ............................................... 1065 α ι -Anti trypsin Structure, Function, and Physiology .................................... 1065 Pathogenesis of Liver Injury in PIZZ Individuals ...................................... 1071 Mechanism for Deficiency of αϊ -An ti trypsin in PIZZ Individuals .......................... 1071 Mechanism of Liver Injury ....................................................... 1075 Diagnosis .................................................................... 1077 Treatment .................................................................... 1077 Genetic Counseling ............................................................. 1079 Population Screening ........................................................... 1079 CONTENTS xv 38 Porphyrias ................................................................... 1085 JOSEPH R. BLOOMER, DAVID A. BRENNER Heme Metabolism .............................................................. 1086 Biochemical Abnormalities in the Porphyrias ......................................... 1089 The Acute Porphyrias ........................................................... 1092 Porphyria Cutanea Tarda........................................................ 1097 Erythropoietic Protoporphyria .................................................... 1103 Rare Types of Porphyria ......................................................... 1106 Secondary Porphyrinuria ........................................................ 1107 Pseudoporphyria ............................................................... 1108 39 NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE ......................................... 1117 STEPHEN H. CALDWELL, ABDULLAH M. S. AL-OSAIMl, CURTIS K. ARGO Clinical and Histologie Criteria and Terminology ...................................... 1118 Historic Perspective ............................................................ 1122 Epidemiology and Prevalence in High-Risk Groups .................................... 1124 Genetic Factors in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease .................................... 1126 Clinical and Laboratory Findings .................................................. 1128 Imaging in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography Scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Magnetic Resonance Proton Spectroscopy ................. 1130 The Use of Liver Biopsy in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ............................. 1131 Natural History and Prognosis .................................................... 1133 Experimental and Animal Models of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ...................... 1134 Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ............ 1135 Other Conditions Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis — Secondary Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis .............................. 1140 Managing the Obese Patient with Diabetes and Cirrhosis ................................ 1142 Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ........................................ 1142 section VIII Vascular Diseases of the Liver 40 Vascular Diseases of the Liver ................................................... 1171 MICAL S. CAMPBELL, MARK A. ROSEN, THOMAS W. FAUST Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Related Disorders ........................................ 1172 Liver Involvement in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia ............................. 1179 Peliosis Hepatis ................................................................ 1180 Summary .................................................................... 1180 41 The Liver in Circulatory Failure .................................................. 1185 MITCHELL L. SHIFFMAN Anatomy and Physiology of Hepatic Blood Flow ....................................... 1186 Ischemie Hepatitis ............................................................. 1187 Hepatic Infarction .............................................................. 1189 Ischemie Cholangiopathy ........................................................ 1191 Heatstroke and the Liver ......................................................... 1191 Passive Hepatic Congestion ....................................................... 1191 Constrictive Pericarditis ......................................................... 1194 Congenital Heart Disease ........................................................ 1195 xvi CONTENTS section IX Benign and Malignant Tumors: Cystic Disorders __________________________ 42 Benign Solid Tumors ........................................................... 1201 ARIE REGEV Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ....................................................... 1202 Hemangioma .................................................................. 1208 Hepatocellular Adenoma ......................................................... 1214 Macroregenerative Nodules ....................................................... 1218 Benign Focal Lesions of Bile Duct Origin ............................................ 1218 Other Benign Mesenchymal Tumors ................................................ 1219 Benign Lipomatous Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions ................................... 1220 Inflammatory Pseudotumor ...................................................... 1221 Clinical Approach to a Focal Solid Lesion of the Liver .................................. 1221 43 Nodular and Cystic Lesions ..................................................... 1231 ADRIAN M. DI BISCEGLIE, ALEX S. BEFELER Nodular Diseases of the Liver ..................................................... 1231 Cystic Diseases of the Liver ....................................................... 1238 44 Hepatocellular Carcinoma ...................................................... 1253 JORDI BRUIX, FERNANDA S. BRANCO, CARMEN AYUSO Epidemiology ................................................................. 1253 Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma ........................................... 1254 Pathogenesis .................................................................. 1255 Pathology .................................................................... 1255 Clinical Manifestations .......................................................... 1255 Diagnosis and Staging ........................................................... 1256 Prognostic Prediction ........................................................... 1257 Treatment .................................................................... 1257 45 Surgical Options for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma ....................... 1265 JEAN F. BOTHA, WENDY J. GRANT, BYERS W. SHAW JR. Preoperative Assessment ......................................................... 1266 Radiographie Evaluation ......................................................... 1266 Liver Resection ................................................................ 1268 Surgical Resection .............................................................. 1268 Ablative Techniques ............................................................ 1270 Liver Transplantation ........................................................... 1271 section X The Liver in Pregnancy and Childhood 46 The Liver in Pregnancy ......................................................... 1281 YANNICK BACO. The Liver in Normal Pregnancy ................................................... 1282 Liver Diseases Unique to Pregnancy ................................................ 1283 Intercurrent Liver Disease in Pregnancy ............................................. 1292 Pregnancy in Women with Chronic Liver Disease ...................................... 1294 Acknowledgment .............................................................. 1297 CONTENTS xvii 47 Liver Disease in Infancy and Childhood ........................................... 1305 MAUREEN M. JONAS, ANTONIO R. PEREZ-ATAYDE Embryology of the Hepatobiliary System ............................................. 1305 Development of Hepatobiliary Function ............................................. 1306 Congenital Abnormalities in Hepatobiliary Structure ................................... 1307 Genetic/Metabolic Liver Disease ................................................... 1310 Viral Hepatitis ................................................................. 1323 Liver Disease Associated with Parenteral Nutrition ..................................... 1327 Autoimmune Hepatobiliary Disease ................................................ 1328 Acquired Disorders of the Biliary Tract .............................................. 1329 The Syndrome of Neonatal Hepatitis ................................................ 1331 Tumors of the Hepatobiliary System in Children ...................................... 1335 The Liver in Cystic Fibrosis ...................................................... 1336 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease .................................................. 1339 Approach to Pediatrie Patients with Hepatobiliary Signs or Symptoms ...................... 1340 Liver Transplantation in Children .................................................. 1342 section XI Infectious and Granulomatous Disease 48 Liver Abscesses ............................................................... 1351 DAVID KERSHENOBICH, MARCO A. OLIVERA-MARTÍNEZ Amebie Liver Abscess ........................................................... 1351 Pyogenic Liver Abscess .......................................................... 1353 49 Parasitic Diseases ............................................................. 1359 MICHAEL A. DUNN Protozoái Diseases ............................................................. 1359 Helminthic Liver Diseases ........................................................ 1362 50 Bacterial and Systemic Infections ................................................ 1379 STUART С GORDON Bacterial Infection and Jaundice ................................................... 1379 Specific Bacterial Infections ....................................................... 1380 Spirochetal Infections ........................................................... 1385 Rickettsial Infections ............................................................ 1387 Tick-Borne Diseases ............................................................ 1388 Fungal Infections .............................................................. 1389 Other Infections ............................................................... 1394 51 Hepatobiliary Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus ...................... 1401 NEERAJ SARAF, СЕМ CENGIZ, JAMES S. PARK, DOUGLAS T. DIETERICH Hepatitis В Virus ............................................................... 1402 Hepatitis D Virus .............................................................. 1404 Hepatitis A, E, and G Virus ....................................................... 1405 Hepatitis С Virus .............................................................. 1405 Hepatotoxicity Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy .................................. 1411 Steatosis and Lipodystrophy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients ............ 1413 Liver Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients with Severe Immunosuppression ............................................................ 1413 Infections of Biliar) Tract ........................................................ 1416 Hepatic Mass Lesions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus ............................... 1417 Liver Transplantation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus ............................... 1417 xviii CONTENTS 52 Granulomas of the Liver ........................................................ 1425 JAMES H. LEWIS Pathophysiology of Granulomas ................................................... 1426 Etiology of Granulomas ......................................................... 1429 Clinical Consequences of Hepatic Granulomas ........................................ 1430 Clinical Evaluation of Hepatic Granulomas ........................................... 1431 Specific Causes of Hepatic Granulomas .............................................. 1432 Treatment of Hepatic Granulomas and Granulomatous Hepatitis: General Principles ........... 1442 Summary .................................................................... 1443 section Xli Elements of Liver Transplantation michael f. sqrrell ___________ 53 Selection and Timing of Liver Transplantation ...................................... 1453 RICHARD B. FREEMAN, JR. Selection of Candidates for Liver Transplantation ...................................... 1454 Timing of Liver Transplantation ................................................... 1461 54 Immunosuppression: The Global Picture .......................................... 1467 K. V. NARAYANAN MENON, RUSSELL H. WIESNER Overview of the Immune Response and General Features of Immunosuppression ............. 1468 Overview of Immunosuppressive Agents ............................................. 1470 Corticosteroids ................................................................ 1471 Azathioprine .................................................................. 1472 Cyclosporine .................................................................. 1473 Tacrolimus ................................................................... 1474 Mycophenolate Mofetil .......................................................... 1474 Rapamycin ................................................................... 1475 Antibody Therapies ............................................................. 1476 Newer Immunosuppressive Agents ................................................. 1477 Goals of Immunosuppression ..................................................... 1477 Conclusion ................................................................... 1477 55 The First 6 Months Following Liver Transplantation ................................. 1481 TRAM T. TRAN, PAUL MARTIN Intensive Care Unit Management .................................................. 1481 Floor Care ................................................................... 1482 Early Clinic Visits .............................................................. 1485 Late Clinic Visits ............................................................... I486 56 The Long-Term Care of Transplanted Patient ....................................... 1489 TIMOTHY M. McCASHLAND Quality of Life ................................................................. 1490 Causes of Death in Long-Term Survivors ............................................ 1490 Medical Care .................................................................. 1493 Inflammatory Bowel Disease .................................................... 1498 Pregnancy .................................................................... 1498 Transplantation-Related Complications ............................................. I499 CONTENTS xix 57 The Surgical Options of Liver Transplantation ...................................... 1511 JEAN F. BOTHA, DEBRA L SUDAN Cadaveric Donor Hepatectomy .................................................... 1511 Donor after Cardiac Death ....................................................... 1512 Liver Transplantation — Recipient Procedure ......................................... 1512 Alternatives to Standard Cadaveric Liver Transplantation — Historical Perspective ............. 1513 Donor Selection ............................................................... 1517 Donor Safety .................................................................. 1518 Technique for Procurement of the Living Donor Right Lobe Graft ......................... 1518 Ongoing Controversies .......................................................... 1519 Hepatic Venous Drainage ........................................................ 1519 Biliary Reconstruction ........................................................... 1519 Recipient Results .............................................................. 1519 Donor Complications after Liver Donation/Resection ................................... 1521 Recipient Morbidity after Living Donor Right Lobe Transplantation ........................ 1521 Overview .................................................................... 1521 58 Recurrent Disease Following Liver Transplantation .................................. 1525 HUGO R. ROSEN, JAMES R, BURTON JR. Recurrent Viral Hepatitis ........................................................ 1528 Recurrent Autoimmune Liver Diseases .............................................. 1536 Recurrent Alcoholic Liver Disease .................................................. 1539 Recurrent Budd-Chiari Syndrome .................................................. 1539 Summary .................................................................... 1540 59 The Role of Retransplantation ................................................... 1545 KIM M. OLTHOFF, JAMES F. MARKMANN Rate of Retransplantation and Indications ............................................ 1546 Indications for Early Retransplantation .............................................. 1547 Indications for Late Retransplantation .............................................. 1547 Results of Retransplantation ...................................................... 1549 Living Donor Liver Transplantation and Retransplantation ............................... 1552 Summary .................................................................... 1552 60 Hepatobiliary Complications of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation .................... 1557 JOSH LEVITSKY, MICHAEL F. SORRELL Prevalence ................................................................... 1557 Donor Evaluation .............................................................. 1558 Recipient Diagnosis and Evaluation ................................................ 1558 Prognostic Indicators ........................................................... 1558 Common Complications ......................................................... 1559 Uncommon Complications ....................................................... 1564 Index 1-1
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spellingShingle Schiff's diseases of the liver [ed. by] Eugene R. Schiff ...
title Schiff's diseases of the liver [ed. by] Eugene R. Schiff ...
title_auth Schiff's diseases of the liver [ed. by] Eugene R. Schiff ...
title_exact_search Schiff's diseases of the liver [ed. by] Eugene R. Schiff ...
title_full Schiff's diseases of the liver [ed. by] Eugene R. Schiff ... 1 : [including expanded liver transplant section]
title_fullStr Schiff's diseases of the liver [ed. by] Eugene R. Schiff ... 1 : [including expanded liver transplant section]
title_full_unstemmed Schiff's diseases of the liver [ed. by] Eugene R. Schiff ... 1 : [including expanded liver transplant section]
title_short Schiff's diseases of the liver
title_sort schiff s diseases of the liver ed by eugene r schiff
title_sub [ed. by] Eugene R. Schiff ...
url http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015511960&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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