Inpatient treatment of (complex) posttraumatic stress disorders a therapy evaluation

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1. Verfasser: Aligwekwe, Uzoma G. (VerfasserIn)
Format: Abschlussarbeit Buch
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Berlin Logos-Verl. 2005
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adam_text Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents i 1 Introduction 1 2 The Concept of PTSD 4 2.1 PTSD: A brief historical overview 4 2.2 The Concept of PTSD 7 2.3 Symptoms of PTSD 8 2.3.1 Intrusive recollections 8 2.3.2 Avoidance or Numbing Responses 8 2.3.3 Hyper-arousal Symptoms 9 2.4 PTSD Classification in ICD-10 and DSM-IV 10 2.5 Differential Diagnosis 13 2.6 Comorbidity 14 3 The Concept of complex PTSD 17 3.1 (Complex) PTSD 17 3.2 Diagnostic Criteria for Complex PTSD 18 3.2.1 Affect Dysregulation 18 3.2.2 Alterations in Attention or Consciousness 18 3.2.3 Alterations in Self-perception 20 3.2.4 Alterations in Relation with Others 20 3.2.5 Somatization 21 3.2.6 Alterations in Systems of Meaning 23 3.3 Differential Diagnosis of Complex PTSD: Distinctions between DESNOS, PTSD and BPD 24 3.3.1 Complex PTSD (DESNOS) versus PTSD 24 3.3.2 DESNOS and BPD 25 4 Epidemiology of PTSD 28 4.1 Issues in epidemiological Studies 28 4.2 Types of epidemiological studies 32 4.2.1 Specific traumatic events 32 4.2.2 Traumatic events in specific occupational groups 33 4.2.3 Victims of specific type of events 35 4.2.4 Stratified population samples 36 4.2.5 Prospective population samples 38 5 Psychological Models of PTSD 40 5.1 Learning (Conditioning) Theory 40 i Table of Contents 5.2 Theory of Learned Helplessness 42 5.3 Emotional processing theory 43 5.4 Stress Response Theory 45 5.5 Information-processing Models of PTSD 47 5.6 Two more Recent Theories of PTSD 48 5.6.1 Dual Representation Theory 48 5.6.2 Ehlers Clark s Cognitive Model of PTSD 52 5.7 Psychobiological Models of PTSD 57 6 Treatment Methods for PTSD 61 6.1 Brief Psychodynamic Treatment of PTSD 61 6.1.1 Initial Phase 62 6.1.2 Middle Phase 63 6.1.3 Final Phase 64 6.2 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 64 6.2.1 Breathing Retraining 65 6.2.2 Psycho-educational Component 66 6.2.3 Exposure Technique 66 6.2.3.1 In Vivo (Real-life) Exposure Technique 67 6.2.3.2 In Sensu (Imaginal) Prolonged Exposure ; 68 6.2.4 Systematic Desensitization 69 6.2.5 Cognitive Restructuring 69 6.3 Anxiety Management Approaches 70 6.4 Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) 71 6.4.1 EMDR Treatment Procedure 72 6.5 Hypnotherapy 74 6.6 Group Therapy 76 6.7 Pharmacotherapy 77 6.8 Creative Art Therapies 79 6.9 Psychodynamic Imaginative Trauma Therapy (PITT) 80 6.9.1 Stabilization phase 83 6.9.2 Trauma exposition 83 6.9.3 The integration phase 86 6.9.4 Clinic Setting 86 7 Research Methodology 89 7.1 Some Research Issues 89 7.2 Methodology 90 7.3 Assessment Tools 91 7.3.1 Socio-demographic questionnaire 92 7.3.2 Impact of Event Scale (IES) 92 7.3.3 Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) 93 ii Table of Contents 7.3.4 Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 93 7.3.5 Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) 94 7.3.6 Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) 95 7.3.7 Visual Analogue Scale on Self-Soothing 96 7.3.8 Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ) 97 7.3.9 Documentation of Clinical Data 98 7.3.10 Assessment of Treatment Components 98 7.3.11 Veranderungsfragebogen des Erlebens und Verhaltens (VEV) 99 8 Research Questions and Hypotheses 100 8.1 Overview of some related Researches 100 8.2 Research Questions 108 8.3 Hypotheses 109 8.3.1 Hypotheses on self-soothing, PTSD, and general psychopathology 109 8.3.2 Hypotheses on Childhood Trauma 111 8.3.3 Hypotheses on therapeutic alliance 112 8.3.4 Hypotheses on treatment gain maintenance 113 9 Socio-demographic and Clinical Data 114 9.1 Socio-demographic Data 114 9.1.1 Inpatients Sample Description 114 9.1.2 Waitlist Patients Sample Description 115 9.1.3 Socio-demographic Data of Inpatients Group 115 9.1.4 Socio-demographic Data of Waitlist Patients Group 116 9.2 Clinical Data 118 9.2.1 Clinical Data of Inpatients 118 9.2.2 Clinical Data of the Waitlist Patients Group 119 9.3 Comparison of Inpatients and Waitlist Group Samples 120 10 Statistical Analyses and Results 122 10.1 Examination of the hypotheses on self-soothing 122 10.1.1 Statistical Preparations 122 10.1.2 Results of the Hypotheses on Self-Soothing 124 10.2 Results of the hypotheses on PTSD Symptoms 126 10.3 Hypotheses on PTSD Related Symptoms and General Psychopathology 131 10.4 Results of the Hypotheses on Childhood Trauma 138 10.5 Hypotheses on Therapeutic Alliances 141 10.6 Hypotheses on treatment gain maintenance 146 11 Exploratory Studies 159 11.1 Scales of SCL-90-R and Self-Soothing 159 11.2 Impact of Event Scales (IES) 159 11.3 Assessment of Therapy Components 161 11.4 Alterations in Experiences and Behaviours 165 iii Table of Contents 12 Discussion 168 13 Conclusion 178 References 180 iv Table of Contents List of Tables Table 2.1: Comparison of ICDIO-DCR and DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD 11 Table 4.1. List of Studies Evaluating the Prevalence of PTSD 31 Table 6.1: Phases of PITT 84 Table 7.1: Order of Administration of the Questionnaires 99 Table 8.1: Results of reviewed Inpatient PTSD Treatment Studies 107 Table 9.1: Table of Return Flow 114 Table 9.2: Frequencies for the socio-demographic Data of both groups 117 Table 9.3: Frequencies for the clinical data of both groups 121 Table 10.1: Reliability and Factor Analysis for the self-soothing scale 123 Table 10.2: Summary of the Reliability analysis for self-soothing scale 123 Table 10.3: Correlations coefficient-tests for the self-soothing scale 124 Table 10.4: t-tests for the hypotheses on Self-Soothing 124 Table 10.5: t-tests for PTSD symptoms of Intrusion and Avoidance 126 Table 10.6: Correlations coefficient-tests for the relationship between self-soothing, and intrusive and avoidance symptoms 129 Table 10.7: Explanation of Variances for the Dependent Variable Intrusion 130 Table 10.8: Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis for the Dependent Variable Intrusion 130 Table 10.9: Explanation of Variances for the Dependent Variable Avoidance 131 Table 10.10: Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis for the dependent variable Avoidance 131 Table 10.11: t-tests for the hypothesis on Somatization, Anxiety, and Depression 132 Table 10.12: Non-parametric tests for the hypothesis on Dissociation 135 Table 10.13: t-tests for the hypothesis on General Symptom Severity 136 V Table of Contents Table 10.14: Means and Standard Deviations of the major scales of the study at the 1 and 2nd assessment time periods 137 Table 10.15: Correlations coefficient-tests for the relationships between histories of childhood trauma, and intrusion, avoidance, dissociation, anxiety, and depression 139 Table 10.16: Explanation of Variances for the Dependent Variable Dissociation 139 Table 10.17: Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis for the Dependent Variable Dissociation 140 Table 10.18: Explanation of Variances for the Dependent Variable Anxiety 140 Table 10.19: Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis for the Dependent Variable Anxiety 140 Table 10.20: Correlations between Helping Alliance and Measurements of Treatment Outcome... 141 Table 10.21: Table of means and standard deviations of the dependent variables under the groups of Helping Alliance 142 Table 10.22: Multivariate Tests for the effects of Helping Alliance on treatment outcome 143 Table 10.23: Tests of Between-Subjects Effects of Helping Alliance 143 Table 10.24: Measure of Association between Study Completers and Drop-outs 146 Table 10.25: Table of means and standard deviations of study dropouts and completers on the major scales of the study 147 Table 10.26: t-tests for Equality of Means of Study Dropouts and Completers on the major scales of the study 147 Table 10.27: Means and Standard Deviations of the major scales over the three assessment time periods 148 Table 10.28: Multivariate Tests for the effects of Groups on the major scales of the study 149 Table 10.29: Results of the Univariate Tests for the Effect of Time and Group on the major scales of the analysts 150 Table 10.30: Tests of within-subject contrasts for the three assessment periods 151 Table 10.31: Tests of Within-Subjects Contrasts for Inpatients and Waitlist patients on the time factor 153 Table 10.32: Tests of Between-Subjects Effects on the dependent variables over the three assessment periods 153 vi Table of Contents Table 10.33: Overall multivariate test results for the effects of group and time on the major scales of the study 154 Table 10.34: Paired Samples t-tests for the major scales over the three assessment time periods.... 154 Table 11.1: Classifications of Patients based on their total scores on the IES 160 Table 1 J.I: Table of assessed benefits from the various treatment components 162 Table 11.2: Results of t-tests for experiential and behavioural changes 165 vii Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 10.1: Illustration of Group Differences on Self-Soothing over the first two assessment time periods 125 Figure 10.2: Illustration of Group Differences on Intrusion over the first two assessment time periods 127 Figure 10.3: Illustration of Group Differences on Avoidance over the first two assessment time periods 128 Figure 10.4: Illustration of Group Differences on Somatization over the first two assessment time periods 133 Figure 10.5: Illustration of Group Differences on Anxiety over the first two assessment time periods 133 Figure 10.6: Illustration of Group Differences on Depression over the first two assessment time periods 134 Figure 10.7: Illustration of Group Differences on Dissociation over the first two assessment time periods 135 Figure 10.8: Illustration of Group Differences on GSI over the first two assessment time periods.. 138 Figure 10.9: Illustration of the Relationship between Helping Alliance and Self-Soothing 144 Figure 10.10: Illustration of the Relationship between Helping Alliance and Intrusion 144 Figure 10.11: Illustration of the Relationship between Helping Alliance and Avoidance 145 Figure 10.12: Illustration of the Relationship between Helping Alliance and Global Severity Index (GSI) 145 Figure 10.13: Illustration of between-subjects differences on somatization over the three assessment time periods 155 Figure 10.14: Illustration of between-subjects differences on Anxiety over the three assessment time periods 156 Figure 10.15: Illustration of between-subjects differences on GSI over the three assessment time periods 156 Figure 10.16: Illustration of between-subjects differences on depression over the three assessment time periods 157 viii Table of Contents Figure 10.17: Illustration of between-subjects differences on intrusion over the three assessment time periods 157 Figure 10.18: Illustration of between-subjects differences on Avoidance over the three assessment time periods 158 Figure 10.19: Illustration of between-subjects differences on self-soothing over the three assessment time periods 158 Figure 11.1: Illustration of clinically significant trauma over the three assessment time periods.... 160 Figure 11.1: Illustration of received Benefits from Individual therapy 163 Figure 11.2: Illustration of received Benefits from Men Forum 164 Figure 11.3: Illustration of assessed symptomatic improvement 164 Figure 11.4: Illustration of the Differences between both Patient Groups on VEV 167 ix
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spellingShingle Aligwekwe, Uzoma G.
Inpatient treatment of (complex) posttraumatic stress disorders a therapy evaluation
Psychotherapie (DE-588)4047746-0 gnd
Posttraumatisches Stresssyndrom (DE-588)4361388-3 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4047746-0
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title Inpatient treatment of (complex) posttraumatic stress disorders a therapy evaluation
title_auth Inpatient treatment of (complex) posttraumatic stress disorders a therapy evaluation
title_exact_search Inpatient treatment of (complex) posttraumatic stress disorders a therapy evaluation
title_full Inpatient treatment of (complex) posttraumatic stress disorders a therapy evaluation Uzoma G. Aligwekwe
title_fullStr Inpatient treatment of (complex) posttraumatic stress disorders a therapy evaluation Uzoma G. Aligwekwe
title_full_unstemmed Inpatient treatment of (complex) posttraumatic stress disorders a therapy evaluation Uzoma G. Aligwekwe
title_short Inpatient treatment of (complex) posttraumatic stress disorders
title_sort inpatient treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorders a therapy evaluation
title_sub a therapy evaluation
topic Psychotherapie (DE-588)4047746-0 gnd
Posttraumatisches Stresssyndrom (DE-588)4361388-3 gnd
topic_facet Psychotherapie
Posttraumatisches Stresssyndrom
Hochschulschrift
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