The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia

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Hauptverfasser: Dixon, R. M. W. 1939- (VerfasserIn), Vogel, Alan R. (VerfasserIn)
Format: Buch
Sprache:English
South American Indian
Veröffentlicht: Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2004
Schriftenreihe:[Oxford linguistics]
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text Contents List of Plates xvi List of Tables xvii Organization and Cross-references xviii Abbreviations and Conventions xix Map ι Approximate locations of languages of the Arawá family xxii Map 2 Location of Madi dialects, and of Paumari xxiii ι Introduction: The Language and its Speakers ι ι . ι Linguistic type ι 1.2 Historical background 2 1.3 The Jarawara 4 1.4 Kinship and marriage 7 1.5 Linguistic affiliation 7 1.5.1 The Madi language 8 r.5.2 The Arawá language family 11 1.5.3 Areal influence from neighbouring languages 12 1.6 Basis for this study 13 1.7 Chance of survival 14 2 Phonology 16 2.1 Vowels 1 6 2.2 Consonants 17 2.2.1 Historical development 19 2.3 w and о 20 2.4 Phonotactics 23 2.5 Loans 25 2.6 Stress 27 2.7 Grammatical and phonological words 28 2.8 Long vowels 32 2.9 Phonological rules 36 2.9л Lenition of A- (rules Pi and P2) 36 2.9.2 Front raising of α (rules P3 and P4) 38 2.9.3 The morphophoneme / (rufe P5) 40 2.9.4 Assimilation of -ka- to -ко- after о (rule P6) 43 2.9.5 Assimilation of -a- to -e- next to e (rule P7) 49 viii Contents 2.9.6 Omission of -h- and of -h V- (rules P8 to P14) 50 2.9.7 Restriction that only one -hV- syllable may be omitted from any word 56 2.9.8 Final -ha in lexemes 57 2.9.9 Ordering of rules 58 2.10 Other phonological processes 64 2.10.1 Vowel assimilation 64 2.10.2 Analogical extension from isg o- to 2sg ti- 65 2.10.3 Shortening 66 2.10.4 Haplology 66 2.10.5 Reduction of -а -risa to -isa 67 2.11 The glottal stop 67 Appendix: summary of phonological rules 68 3 Grammatical Overview 70 3.Í Homonyms and relative lack of redundancy 71 3.2 Number and animacy 74 3.3 Word classes 75 3.3.1 Pronouns 76 3.3.2 Nouns 78 3.3.3 Verbs 8 1 3.4 Basic clause structure 84 3.4.1 A-constructions and O-eonstructions 87 3.5 Predicate structure 88 3.6 Noun phrase structure 90 3.7 Complement clauses 9 ! 3.8 Dependent clauses 93 3.9 Other clause types 94 4 Predicate Structure: General 95 4. с Inventory of predicate elements 95 4. і . 1 Verbal reduplication 99 4.2 Vowel alternations to mark gender ioo 4.*? ttt- and the first prefix słot 102 4.4 The third pronominal position 505 4.4.1 intransitive clauses and transitive A-constructions with no secondary verb 106 4.4.2 Transitive O-constructions with no secondary verb 107 4.4.3 With a secondary verb 109 4.4.4 When there is no mood 110 Contents ix 4.4.5 Complement clause supplying third pronominal position 111 4.4.6 Possessor filling third pronominal position 112 4.5 Verbs and auxiliaries 114 4.5.1 The verbal auxiliary 114 4.5.2 Forms of verbs 119 4.5.3 The inner suffix -ri 124 5 Predicate Structure: Miscellaneous Suffixes 127 5.1 The four auxiliaries 128 5.2 The types of miscellaneous suffix 132 5.3 Summary of miscellaneous suffixes 134 5.3.1 Criteria for recognizing echelons 137 5.4 First echelon (Fi): normal suffixes 138 5.5 Second echelon (F2): normal suffixes 152 5.6 Third echelon (F3): prefix-retaining auxiliary-taking suffixes 155 5.7 Fourth echelon (F4): prefix-poaching auxiliary-taking suffixes 157 5.8 Fifth echelon (F5): auxiliary-bound suffixes 175 5.9 Sixth echelon (F6): normal suffixes 180 5.10 Extra-echelon suffixes [89 Appendix 194 6 Predicate Structure: The Tense-Modal System 195 6.1 Forms 196 6. 1.1 Internal reconstruction (a): initial -hV- syllable 198 6.1.2 Internal reconstruction (θ): remainder of suffix forms 201 6.2 Meanings 203 6.2.1 Evidentiality (including mirative) 203 6.2.2 Past tenses 207 6.2.3 Intention and future 211 6.2.4 Irrealis and hypothetical 215 6.2.5 Reported 217 6.2.6 Analysis of the non-past modalities. 219 6.3 Tense-modal following mood 220 6.4 Aspect time lexemes hibati completed and hibajata close in time 223 7 Predicate Structure: Secondary Verbs. Mood, and Negation 226 7.1 Secondary verbs 226 7.1.1 ama extended action or state 228 7.1.2 aw ine ana seems* 232 x С ontents 7.2 Mood suffixes 233 7.2.1 Indicative mood suffixes: declarative -kej-ka and backgrounding - nij-ne (plus -raj- ra) 234 7.2.2 Counterfactual -kanii-kani and climax -nihij-noho 236 7.2.3 Immediate - hei ja) ¡-hatja) 239 7.2.4 Unusual, take no responsibility for - makonil-mako 241 7.2.5 Contrastive negator -rihij-rihi 243 7.3 Negation 245 Η Verbal Derivations: Causative and Applicative 248 8.¡ Causative na- ~ niha- 248 8. ι . і Form 248 8.1.2 Syntax 250 8.1.3 Semantics 253 8.2 Applicative ka- 254 X.2. t Trunsttivi/.ing sense 255 8.2.2 Semantic senses 258 8.2.3 Review 265 9 Verbal Reduplication 267 t). 1 Form 268 4.2 Grammatical properties 269 9.3 Functions 274 4.3. t Semantic modification of a verb 274 9.3.2 Iterative 278 ¡0 Noun Phrase Structure 280 1 o. ł Overview 2$o ίο. ι л Summary of noun phrase structure 281 ι ο. ι . 2 Contrastive marker tua 283 ło.1.3 Gender 284 10.1.4 Person 287 10.1.5 Animacy and number 289 10.1.6 The head of a noun phrase 290 Ш.2 Complex noun phrases 292 і 0,3 Post-predicate noun phrases 293 1 0.4 Alienable possession 295 »0.4.1 Kinship possession 298 10.5 Augment modifier and another 301 10.5.1 nice: augment modifier and 3nsg pronoun 301 10.5.2 one owa another* адз Contents xi 10.5.3 mee and orte Iowa 304 10.5.4 Non-singular forms of nouns 304 10.5.5 Summary of properties of mee 306 10.6 Predicate suffixes on noun phrases 306 її Possessed Nouns, and Adjectives 310 11.1 Possessed nouns 310 11.1. ι Gender assignment on possessed nouns within a noun phrase 314 11.1.2 Historical origin of gender forms for possessed nouns 316 11.1.3 Singular pronominal possessors with possessed nouns 325 і 1.1.4 Reflexive use of possessed nouns 32K 11.1.5 Mneihiwa just* and reflexive 330 11.1.6 The collective/reciprocal construction 332 u. 2 Adjectives 335 П.2. 1 Membership 335 11.2.2 Grammatical functions 337 11.2.3 Distinguishing adjectives from possessed nouns 339 1 1.2.4 Distinguishing adjectives from nominalized verbs 341 Appendix: list of possessed nouns 343 12 Demonstratives and Related Forms 361 12.1 Demonstratives 361 Í2. 1.1 Nominal demonstratives 362 12. í. 2 Adverbial demonstratives 366 12.2 Anaphoric elements 369 12.2.1 Specifiers ufa efe and ifa ife 369 52.2.2 Non-pivot anaphoric element fee ~ hee 371 12.3 fara fare the very one and bara hare a different one 373 12.4 Locationai nouns 375 13 Copula Clauses 377 13. 1 Core arguments 377 13.2 Relational meanings 378 13.3 Morphology 381 í 3.4 Syntax 383 13.5 Homonyms and cognates }Xţ ì x.fì Other verbs exist ţ8s xii Contents 14 Structure of a Verbal Mam Clause 387 14.) Order of constituents 387 142 Clause-initial elements 388 14.2.1 Interjections 389 14.2.2 Discourse-time markers 389 14.3 Clause-final elements 393 14.4 Direct and indirect speech 393 14.4 ι Direct speech 393 14.4.2 Indirect speech 395 15 Commands and Questions 396 15.1 Commands 396 15.2 Imperatives 397 15.2.1 Form 397 15.2.2 Person and gender 399 15.2.3 Meaning 400 15.3 Content questions 402 15.3. j hirnata what 403 15.3.2 hibaka (f); hibeke, hibake, or hike (m) who 405 15.3.3 hibaka or hika where 407 15.3.4 Interrogative verb ее -na- what about, etc 407 15.3.5 When 409 15.3.6 Noun phrase plus -га where 409 15.4 Polar questions 410 15.4.1 Polar interrogatives with - mf/u^/nothmg 4л 15.4.2 Polar interrogative future marker - banaj-bana 413 15.4.3 Polar interrogatives with awinejawa 414 15.4.4 Polar interrogatives with ama 415 15.4.5 Time reference 415 1 6 A-Constructions and O-Constructions 417 16.1 Syntactic pivots 417 16.2 The two transitive constructions in larawara 418 16.2.1 Basic properties of A-constructions and O-constructions 419 гб.2.2 Difficulties with a passive or antipassive interpretation 421 16.3 Exemplification of discourse role 423 16.4 The structure of Q-constructions 433 16.4л Intransitive clauses 435 16.4.2 Transitive A-constructions 435 16.4.3 Transitive O-constructions 436 Contents 16.4.4 Exemplification of contrast between A-constructions and O-constructions 439 16.4.5 With a secondary verb 4.40 36.5 Comparison with other Ärawá languages 443 17 Complement Clauses 446 1.7.1 Mode of use 447 17.2 Structure 448 17.3 O-constructions and complement clauses 452 17.4 Types of complement clause construction 454 175 Modification of a complement clause 455 37.6 Pronominal raising 456 37 7 Shared arguments 460 18 Dependent Clauses 462 18.1 Structure and marking 463 18 1.1 Structure 463 18.3.2 Marking on postposed dependent clauses 464 18.1.3 Marking on preposed dependent clauses 466 18.1.4 Tense-modal specification m dependent clauses 468 [8.2 Shared arguments 472 38.3 Meaning 477 38.4 Noun phrases as dependent clauses 480 19 Nominahzed Clauses 482 19.1 Structure 482 39.2 Meaning 484 19.3 Function 485 20 Peripheral Markers jaa and m-jaa 488 20.1 Noun phrase followed by jaa 489 20.2 Noun phrase followed by m-jaa 492 20.3 With nominahzed clauses 494 20.4 After main clauses and dependent clauses 497 21 Other Peripheral Markers 498 2 3.3 kaa(rojn) along, through, because, etc. 498 21.3.1 With noun phrases 498 23.3.2 With nomrnalized clauses 500 23.2 ¡abijo due to the absence/lack оГ 502 23-3 namom taking news оГ 504 21.4 пі -ma and ¡i -та be similar to, be the same as 505 xiv Contents 22 The Relational Noun ihijehene Due to, Because of 509 22.1 Form 509 22.2 With a peripheral NP 511 22.3 With a clause 513 22.4 With a core NP 514 22.5 Idioms 515 23 List Constructions 5)7 23.1 Grammatical properties 518 23.2 Meaning and use 523 24 Syntactic Organization 525 24.1 Relative clauses 525 24.2 Conjunction by juxtaposition 528 24.3 Contrasting the properties of clause types 529 24.4 The -roj-ri ending 531 25 Word Class Derivations 532 25.1 Deriving possessed nouns 532 25.2 Deriving free nouns 533 25.3 Deriving verbs 536 25.4 Deriving adjectives 538 26 Topics in Semantics 539 26л Noun semantics 539 26. 1.1 Genene nouns 539 26.1.2 Compound names 540 26.2 Verb Semantics 541 26.2.1 Suppletive verb forms 543 26.2.2 Inflecting and non-inflecting subclasses 546 26.2.3 Transitivity 549 26.2.4 Semantic roles and syntactic functions 550 26.2.5 Semantic characteristics 557 26.2.6 Examples of semantic sets 561 26.2.7 Verbal idioms 563 26.3 Formulaic expressions 564 27 Prehistory 566 27.1 Features to be explained 566 27.2 Tentative historical scenano 570 27.3 Other points in need of explanation 581 Contents Texts 583 Text 1 : The story оГ Siko s burial 583 Text 2: The Branco who got an ant in his pants 591 Text 3: How to make a bark canoe 604 References 612 Vocabulary 615 List of Affixes 630 Index 633
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author Dixon, R. M. W. 1939-
Vogel, Alan R.
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Vogel, Alan R.
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spellingShingle Dixon, R. M. W. 1939-
Vogel, Alan R.
The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia
Jaruára gtt
Grammatik
Jaruára language Grammar
Jaruára language Lexicology
Jarawara-Sprache (DE-588)7517712-2 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)7517712-2
title The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia
title_auth The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia
title_exact_search The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia
title_full The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia R.M.W. Dixon ; with the assistance of Alan R. Vogel
title_fullStr The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia R.M.W. Dixon ; with the assistance of Alan R. Vogel
title_full_unstemmed The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia R.M.W. Dixon ; with the assistance of Alan R. Vogel
title_short The Jarawara language of Southern Amazonia
title_sort the jarawara language of southern amazonia
topic Jaruára gtt
Grammatik
Jaruára language Grammar
Jaruára language Lexicology
Jarawara-Sprache (DE-588)7517712-2 gnd
topic_facet Jaruára
Grammatik
Jaruára language Grammar
Jaruára language Lexicology
Jarawara-Sprache
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