Statistical evidence in medical trials what do the data really tell us?

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1. Verfasser: Simon, Stephen D. (VerfasserIn)
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Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2006
Ausgabe:1. publ.
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text STATISTICAL EVIDENCE IN MEDICAL TRIALS WHAT DO THE DATA REALLY TELL US? STEPHEN D. SIMON, PH.D. OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS PREFACE IX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIII OVERVIEW XIV 1 APPLES OR ORANGES? SELECTION OF THE CONTROL GROUP 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 RANDOMLY SELECTED CONTRO S 3 1.3 VARIATIONS ON RANDOMIZATION 8 1.4 NONRANDOMIZED STUDIES 11 1.5 PREVENTING COVARIATE IMBALANCE BEFORE IT OCCURS 17 1.6 STATISTICAL ADJUSTMENTS 22 1.7 COUNTERPOINT: RANDOMIZED TRIALS ARE OVERRATED 29 1.8 SUMMARY*APPLES OR ORANGES 30 1.9 ON YOUR OWN 30 2 WHO WAS LEFT OUT? EXCLUSIONS, REFUSALS, AND DROP-OUTS 37 2.1 INTRODUCTION 37 2.2 WHO WAS EXCLUDED AT THE START OF THE STUDY? 39 2.3 WHO REFUSED TO JOIN THE STUDY? 43 2.4 WHO STOPPED OR SWITCHED THERAPIES? 45 2.5 WHO DROPPED OUT DURING THE STUDY? 47 2.6 COUNTERPOINT: INTENTION TO TREAT IS OVERRATED 49 2.7 SUMMARY*WHO WAS LEFT OUT? 50 2.8 ON YOUR OWN 51 3 MOUNTAIN OR MOLEHILL? THE CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE RESULTS 55 3.1 INTRODUCTION 55 3.2 DID THEY MEASURE THE RIGHT THING? 57 3.3 DID THEY MEASURE THE OUTCOME WELL? 62 3.4 WERE THE CHANGES CLINICALLY IMPORTANT? 69 3.5 COUNTERPOINT: BLINDING IS OVERRATED 75 3.6 SUMMARY*MOUNTAIN OR MOLEHILL? 76 3.7 ON YOUR OWN 76 CONTENTS 4 WHAT DO THE OTHER WITNESSES SAY? CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 83 4.1 INTRODUCTION 83 4.2 IS THERE A STRONG ASSOCIATION? 85 4.3 IS THERE A DOSE-RESPONSE PATTERN? 86 4.4 IS THE ASSOCIATION CONSISTENT? 87 4.5 IS THE ASSOCIATION SPECIFIC? 89 4.6 IS THE ASSOCIATION BIOLOGICALLY PLAUSIBLE? 91 4.7 IS THERE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST? 93 4.8 IS THERE ANY EVIDENCE OF FRAUD? 94 4.9 COUNTERPOINT: BIOLOGICAL PLAUSIBILITY IS OVERRATED 95 4.10 SUMMARY*WHAT DO THE OTHER WITNESSES SAY? 97 4.11 ON YOUR OWN 98 5 DO THE PIECES FIT TOGETHER? SYSTEMATIC OVERVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES 101 5.1 INTRODUCTION 101 5.2 WERE APPLES COMBINED WITH ORANGES? 5.3 WERE SOME APPLES LEFT ON THE TREE? 118 5.4 WERE ALL OF THE APPLES ROTTEN? 1 ?3 5.5 DID THE PILE OF APPLES AMOUNT TO MORE THAN JUST A HILL OF BEANS? 197 5.6 COUNTERPOINT: META-ANALYSIS IS OVERRATED 5.7 SUMMARY*DO THE PIECES FIT TOGETHER? 5.8 ON YOUR OWN 6 WHAT DO ALL THESE NUMBERS MEAN? 137 6.1 INTRODUCTION ,GG 6.2 SAMPLES AND POPULATIONS ,OG 6.3 TYPE I AND II ERRORS 141 6.4 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 144 6.5 P-VALUE 145 6.6 ODDS RATIO AND RELATIVE RISK 147 6.7 CORRELATION 149 6.8 SURVIVAL CURVES -CA 6.9 PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE ^ 6.10 ON YOUR OWN CONTENTS 7 WHERE IS THE EVIDENCE? SEARCHING FOR INFORMATION 167 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 INTRODUCTION PICO FORMAT SEARCH HIGH LEVEL SOURCES FIRST SEARCHING IN PUBMED SEARCHING THE INTERNET SUMMARY*WHERE IS THE EVIDENCE? ON YOUR OWN BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX 167 168 168 169 172 175 176 177 193
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author Simon, Stephen D.
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spelling Simon, Stephen D. Verfasser aut
Statistical evidence in medical trials what do the data really tell us? Stephen D. Simon
1. publ.
Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2006
XVII, 196 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
txt rdacontent
n rdamedia
nc rdacarrier
Geneeskunde gtt
Statistiek gtt
Medizin
Statistik
Biomedical Research methods
Clinical Trials statistics & numerical data
Clinical trials Statistical methods
Data Interpretation, Statistical
Research Design
Klinisches Experiment (DE-588)4164223-5 gnd rswk-swf
Medizinische Statistik (DE-588)4127563-9 gnd rswk-swf
Medizinische Statistik (DE-588)4127563-9 s
Klinisches Experiment (DE-588)4164223-5 s
b DE-604
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spellingShingle Simon, Stephen D.
Statistical evidence in medical trials what do the data really tell us?
Geneeskunde gtt
Statistiek gtt
Medizin
Statistik
Biomedical Research methods
Clinical Trials statistics & numerical data
Clinical trials Statistical methods
Data Interpretation, Statistical
Research Design
Klinisches Experiment (DE-588)4164223-5 gnd
Medizinische Statistik (DE-588)4127563-9 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4164223-5
(DE-588)4127563-9
title Statistical evidence in medical trials what do the data really tell us?
title_auth Statistical evidence in medical trials what do the data really tell us?
title_exact_search Statistical evidence in medical trials what do the data really tell us?
title_full Statistical evidence in medical trials what do the data really tell us? Stephen D. Simon
title_fullStr Statistical evidence in medical trials what do the data really tell us? Stephen D. Simon
title_full_unstemmed Statistical evidence in medical trials what do the data really tell us? Stephen D. Simon
title_short Statistical evidence in medical trials
title_sort statistical evidence in medical trials what do the data really tell us
title_sub what do the data really tell us?
topic Geneeskunde gtt
Statistiek gtt
Medizin
Statistik
Biomedical Research methods
Clinical Trials statistics & numerical data
Clinical trials Statistical methods
Data Interpretation, Statistical
Research Design
Klinisches Experiment (DE-588)4164223-5 gnd
Medizinische Statistik (DE-588)4127563-9 gnd
topic_facet Geneeskunde
Statistiek
Medizin
Statistik
Biomedical Research methods
Clinical Trials statistics & numerical data
Clinical trials Statistical methods
Data Interpretation, Statistical
Research Design
Klinisches Experiment
Medizinische Statistik
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