Introduction to operations research

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Hauptverfasser: Hillier, Frederick S. 1936- (VerfasserIn), Lieberman, Gerald J. 1925- (VerfasserIn)
Format: Buch
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Boston [u.a.] McGraw-Hill 2005
Ausgabe:8. ed., internat. ed.
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE xviii CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Origins of Operations Research 1 1.2 The Nature of Operations Research 2 1.3 The Impact of Operations Research 3 1.4 Algorithms and OR Courseware 5 Selected References 6 Problems 7 CHAPTER 2 Overview of the Operations Research Modeling Approach 8 2.1 Defining the Problem and Gathering Data 8 2.2 Formulating a Mathematical Model 12 2.3 Deriving Solutions from the Model 15 2.4 Testing the Model 17 2.5 Preparing to Apply the Model 19 2.6 Implementation 21 2.7 Conclusions 22 Selected References 23 Problems 23 CHAPTER 3 Introduction to Linear Programming 25 3.1 Prototype Example 26 3.2 The Linear Programming Model 32 3.3 Assumptions of Linear Programming 37 3.4 Additional Examples 44 3.5 Some Classic Case Studies 60 3.6 Formulating and Solving Linear Programming Models on a Spreadsheet 65 3.7 Formulating Very Large Linear Programming Models 73 3.8 Conclusions 80 Appendix 3.1 The LINGO Modeling Language 81 Selected References 90 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 90 Problems 91 Case 3.1 Auto Assembly 100 Previews of Added Cases on CD ROM 102 Case 3.2 Cutting Cafeteria Costs 102 Case 3.3 Staffing a Call Center 102 Case 3.4 Promoting a Breakfast Cereal 102 CONTENTS CHAPTER 4 Solving Linear Programming Problems: The Simplex Method 103 4.1 The Essence of the Simplex Method 103 4.2 Setting Up the Simplex Method 108 4.3 The Algebra of the Simplex Method 1 I 1 4.4 The Simplex Method in Tabular Form 1 17 4.5 Tie Breaking in the Simplex Method 121 4.6 Adapting to Other Model Forms 124 4.7 Postoptimality Analysis 142 4.8 Computer Implementation 1 50 4.9 The Interior Point Approach to Solving Linear Programming Problems 1 53 4.10 Conclusions 158 Appendix 4.1 An Introduction to Using UNDO 158 Selected References 161 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 161 Problems 162 Case 4.1 Fabrics and Fall Fashions 170 Previews of Added Cases on CD ROM 1 72 Case 4.2 New Frontiers 172 Case 4.3 Assigning Students to Schools 172 CHAPTER 5 The Theory of the Simplex Method 173 5.1 Foundations of the Simplex Method 173 5.2 The Revised Simplex Method 184 5.3 A Fundamental Insight 193 5.4 Conclusions 201 Selected References 201 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 201 Problems 202 CHAPTER 6 Duality Theory and Sensitivity Analysis 209 6.1 The Essence of Duality Theory 210 6.2 Economic Interpretation of Duality 217 6.3 Primal Dual Relationships 220 6.4 Adapting to Other Primal Forms 225 6.5 The Role of Duality Theory in Sensitivity Analysis 229 6.6 The Essence of Sensitivity Analysis 231 6.7 Applying Sensitivity Analysis 239 6.8 Performing Sensitivity Analysis on a Spreadsheet 259 6.9 Conclusions 275 Selected References 275 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 276 Problems 276 Case 6.1 Controlling Air Pollution 289 Previews of Added Cases on CD ROM 290 Case 6.2 Farm Management 290 Case 6.3 Assigning Students to Schools (Revisited) 291 Case 6.4 Writing a Nontechnical Memo 291 CONTENTS l CHAPTER 7 Other Algorithms for Linear Programming 292 7.1 The Dual Simplex Method 292 7.2 Parametric Linear Programming 295 7.3 The Upper Bound Technique 300 7.4 An Interior Point Algorithm 303 7.5 Conclusions 314 Selected References 314 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 31 5 Problems 31 5 CHAPTER 8 The Transportation and Assignment Problems 320 8.1 The Transportation Problem 321 8.2 A Streamlined Simplex Method for the Transportation Problem 335 8.3 The Assignment Problem 350 8.4 A Special Algorithm for the Assignment Problem 359 8.5 Conclusions 363 Selected References 363 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 364 Problems 364 Case 8.1 Shipping Wood to Market 372 Previews of Added Cases on CD ROM 373 Case 8.2 Continuation of the Texago Case Study 373 Case 8.3 Project Pickings 373 CHAPTER 9 Network Optimization Models 374 9.1 Prototype Example 375 9.2 The Terminology of Networks 376 9.3 The Shortest Path Problem 380 9.4 The Minimum Spanning Tree Problem 384 9.5 The Maximum Flow Problem 388 9.6 The Minimum Cost Flow Problem 396 9.7 The Network Simplex Method 404 9.8 A Network Model for Optimizing a Projects Time Cost Trade Off 414 9.9 Conclusions 426 Selected References 427 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 427 Problems 428 Case 9.1 Money in Motion 437 Previews of Added Cases on CD ROM 439 Case 9.2 Aiding Allies 439 Case 9.3 Steps to Success 439 CHAPTER 10 Dynamic Programming 440 10.1 A Prototype Example for Dynamic Programming 440 10.2 Characteristics of Dynamic Programming Problems 445 10.3 Deterministic Dynamic Programming 447 CONTENTS 10.4 Probabilistic Dynamic Programming 466 10.5 Conclusions 471 Selected References 472 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 472 Problems 472 CHAPTER 11 Integer Programming 478 11.1 Prototype Example 479 1 1.2 Some BIP Applications 482 1 1.3 Innovative Uses of Binary Variables in Model Formulation 487 1 1.4 Some Formulation Examples 493 11.5 Some Perspectives on Solving Integer Programming Problems 501 1 1.6 The Branch and Bound Technique and Its Application to Binary Integer Programming 505 1 1.7 A Branch and Bound Algorithm for Mixed Integer Programming 515 1 1.8 The Branch and Cut Approach to Solving BIP Problems 521 1 1.9 The Incorporation of Constraint Programming 527 11.10 Conclusions 533 Selected References 533 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 534 Problems 534 Case 11.1 Capacity Concerns 544 Previews of Added Cases on CD ROM 546 Case 11.2 Assigning Art 546 Case 11.3 Stocking Sets 546 Case 11.4 Assigning Students to Schools (Revisited Again) 546 CHAPTER 12 Nonlinear Programming 547 12.1 Sample Applications 548 12.2 Graphical Illustration of Nonlinear Programming Problems 552 12.3 Types of Nonlinear Programming Problems 556 12.4 One Variable Unconstrained Optimization 561 12.5 Multivariable Unconstrained Optimization 567 12.6 The Karush Kuhn Tucker (KKT) Conditions for Constrained Optimization 572 12.7 Quadratic Programming 576 12.8 Separable Programming 583 12.9 Convex Programming 589 12.10 Nonconvex Programming (with Spreadsheets) 597 12.11 Conclusions 602 Selected References 603 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 603 Problems 604 Case 12.1 Savvy Stock Selection 615 Previews of Added Cases on CD ROM 616 Case 12.2 International Investments 616 Case 12.3 Promoting a Breakfast Cereal (Revisited) 616 CONTENTS xi CHAPTER 13 Metaheuristics 617 13.1 The Nature of Metaheuristics 618 13.2 Tabu Search 625 13.3 Simulated Annealing 635 1 3.4 Genetic Algorithms 644 13.5 Conclusions 652 Selected References 654 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 654 Problems 655 CHAPTER 14 Game Theory 659 14.1 The Formulation of Two Person, Zero Sum Games 659 14.2 Solving Simple Games—A Prototype Example 661 14.3 Games with Mixed Strategies 666 14.4 Graphical Solution Procedure 667 14.5 Solving by Linear Programming 670 14.6 Extensions 673 14.7 Conclusions 674 Selected References 674 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 675 Problems 675 CHAPTER 15 Decision Analysis 680 15.1 A Prototype Example 681 15.2 Decision Making without Experimentation 682 15.3 Decision Making with Experimentation 687 15.4 Decision Trees 693 15.5 Using Spreadsheets to Perform Sensitivity Analysis on Decision Trees 698 15.6 Utility Theory 708 15.7 The Practical Application of Decision Analysis 715 15.8 Conclusions 718 Selected References 718 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 71 9 Problems 719 Case 15.1 Brainy Business 729 Preview of an Added Case on CD ROM 731 Case 15.2 Smart Steering Support 731 CHAPTER 16 Markov Chains 732 16.1 Stochastic Processes 732 16.2 Markov Chains 734 16.3 Chapman Kolmogorov Equations 739 16.4 Classification of States of a Markov Chain 742 16.5 Long Run Properties of Markov Chains 744 16.6 First Passage Times 750 CONTENTS 16.7 Absorbing States 752 16.8 Continuous Time Markov Chains 755 Selected References 759 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 760 Problems 760 CHAPTER 17 Queueing Theory 765 17.1 Prototype Example 766 17.2 Basic Structure of Queueing Models 766 17.3 Examples of Real Queueing Systems 771 17.4 The Role of the Exponential Distribution 774 17.5 The Birth and Death Process 780 17.6 Queueing Models Based on the Birth and Death Process 784 17.7 Queueing Models Involving Nonexponential Distributions 796 17.8 Priority Discipline Queueing Models 804 17.9 Queueing Networks 809 17.10 The Application of Queueing Theory 813 17.1 1 Conclusions 817 Selected References 818 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 818 Problems 81 9 Case 17.1 Reducing In Process Inventory 831 Preview of an Added Case on CD ROM 832 Case 17.2 Queueing Quandary 832 CHAPTER 18 Inventory Theory 833 18.1 Examples 834 18.2 Components of Inventory Models 836 18.3 Deterministic Continuous Review Models 838 18.4 A Deterministic Periodic Review Model 848 18.5 Deterministic Multiechelon Inventory Models for Suply Chain Management 852 18.6 A Stochastic Continuous Review Model 870 18.7 A Stochastic Single Period Model for Perishable Products 875 18.8 Larger Inventory Systems in Practice 886 18.9 Conclusions 889 Selected References 890 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 891 Problems 891 Case 18.1 Brushing Up on Inventory Control 900 Previews of Added Cases on CD ROM 902 Case 18.2 TNT: Tackling Newsboy s Teachings 902 Case 18.3 Jettisoning Surplus Stock 902 CHAPTER 19 Markov Decision Processes 903 19.1 A Prototype Example 903 19.2 A Model for Markov Decision Processes 906 19.3 Linear Programming and Optimal Policies 908 CONTENTS xlii 19.4 Policy Improvement Algorithm for Finding Optimal Policies 912 19.5 Discounted Cost Criterion 917 19.6 Conclusions 924 Selected References 925 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 925 Problems 926 CHAPTER 20 Simulation 930 20.1 The Essence of Simulation 930 20.2 Some Common Types of Applications of Simulation 942 20.3 Generation of Random Numbers 946 20.4 Generation of Random Observations from a Probability Distribution 950 20.5 Outline of a Major Simulation Study 954 20.6 Performing Simulations on Spreadsheets 959 20.7 Optimizing with OptQuest 978 20.8 Conclusions 991 Selected References 993 Learning Aids for This Chapter on CD ROM 993 Problems 994 Case 20.1 Reducing In Process Inventory (Revisited) 1001 Case 20.2 Action Adventures 1001 Previews of Added Cases on CD ROM 1002 Case 20.3 Planning Planers 1002 Case 20.4 Pricing under Pressure 1002 APPENDIXES 1. Documentation for the OR Courseware 1 003 2. Convexity 1006 3. Classical Optimization Methods 1011 4. Matrices and Matrix Operations 1014 5. Table for a Normal Distribution 1019 PARTIAL ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS 1021 INDEXES Author Index 1035 Subject Index 1038
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spellingShingle Hillier, Frederick S. 1936-
Lieberman, Gerald J. 1925-
Introduction to operations research
Investigación de operaciones
Operations research gtt
Pesquisa operacional larpcal
Recherche opérationnelle
Operations research
Operations Research (DE-588)4043586-6 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4043586-6
(DE-588)4151278-9
title Introduction to operations research
title_auth Introduction to operations research
title_exact_search Introduction to operations research
title_full Introduction to operations research Frederick S. Hillier ; Gerald J. Lieberman
title_fullStr Introduction to operations research Frederick S. Hillier ; Gerald J. Lieberman
title_full_unstemmed Introduction to operations research Frederick S. Hillier ; Gerald J. Lieberman
title_short Introduction to operations research
title_sort introduction to operations research
topic Investigación de operaciones
Operations research gtt
Pesquisa operacional larpcal
Recherche opérationnelle
Operations research
Operations Research (DE-588)4043586-6 gnd
topic_facet Investigación de operaciones
Operations research
Pesquisa operacional
Recherche opérationnelle
Operations Research
Einführung
CD-ROMs
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