Plant pathology
"The Fifth Edition of Plant Pathology provides students and professionals with a current, comprehensive and illustrated guide on plant disease. It covers the history of plant pathology, the basic concepts of plant disease, effects of environmental factors on disease initiation and development,...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier Academic Press
2005
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| Ausgabe: | 5. ed. |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| 020 | |a 0120445654 |c hardcover : alk. paper |9 0-12-044565-4 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)55488155 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV019700820 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Agrios, George N. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Plant pathology |c George Agrios |
| 250 | |a 5. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier Academic Press |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 922 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 520 | 1 | |a "The Fifth Edition of Plant Pathology provides students and professionals with a current, comprehensive and illustrated guide on plant disease. It covers the history of plant pathology, the basic concepts of plant disease, effects of environmental factors on disease initiation and development, and the latest information on epidemiology and control of plant diseases. In addition it reviews many of the important diseases caused by each of the pathogens and by abiotic factors. This classic text presents basic concepts of plant disease, designed for use in lectures, while the specific diseases are organized to serve as the basis for laboratory exercises. Hundreds of color photographs and diagrams illustrate and explain the basic concepts and the specific diseases described in the text. Plant Pathology is written in a clear concise, well-organized style that students can follow and understand." "Appropriate for undergraduate and graduate students as well as professionals including agronomists, horticulturists, botanists, entomologists, crop consultants, farmers, crop production supervisors, nurserymen, and foresters."--BOOK JACKET. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Plantes - Maladies et fléaux | |
| 650 | 4 | |a aPlant diseases | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Phytopathologie |0 (DE-588)4130197-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pflanzenkrankheit |0 (DE-588)4045570-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Phytopathologie |0 (DE-588)4130197-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Pflanzenkrankheit |0 (DE-588)4045570-1 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m SWB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013028384&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-013028384 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-TUM_call_number | 1003/LAN 240f 2008 L 11(5) 1003/LAN 240f 2008 L 11(5)+2 1003/LAN 240f 2008 L 11(5)+3 1003/LAN 240f 2008 L 11(5)+4 1004/LAN 240f 2005 B 160 1003/LAN 240f 2008 L 11(5)+5 |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-TUM_katkey | 1495285 |
| DE-BY-TUM_media_number | 040050703398 040050703412 040050703387 040050703401 040050371136 040050703376 |
| _version_ | 1816712460820807680 |
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE XIX PHOTO CREDITS XXI ABOUT THE AUTHOR XXNI
PART ONE
GENERAL ASPECTS
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION PROLOGUE: THE ISSUES 4 PLANTS AND DISEASE 4
THE CONCEPT OF DISEASE IN PLANTS 5 TYPES OF PLANT DISEASES 7 HISTORY OF
PLANT PATHOLOGY AND EARLY SIGNIFICANT PLANT DISEASES 8
INTRODUCTION 8 PLANT DISEASES AS THE WRATH OF GODS - THEOPHRASTUS
MISTLETOE RECOGNIZED AS THE FIRST PLANT PATHOGEN 14 PLANT DISEASES AS
THE RESULT OF SPONTANEOUS
GENERATION 16 BIOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY IN EARLY RENAISSANCE 16 POTATO
BLIGHT - DEADLY MIX OF IGNORANCE AND
POLITICS 19
THE EXPANDING ROLE OF FUNGI AS CAUSES OF PLANT
DISEASE 21 THE DISCOVERY OF THE OTHER CAUSES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 23
NEMATODES - PROTOZOAN MYXOMYCETES - BACTERIA -
VIRUSES. PROTOZOA - MOLLICUTES - VIROIDS - SERIOUS PLANT DISEASES OF
UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY 23 KOCH S POSTULATES 26 VIRUSES, VIROIDS, AND PRIONS 27
LOSSES CAUSED BY PLANT DISEASES 29
PLANT DISEASES REDUCE THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF PLANT PRODUCE. 29
WHITE, DOWNEY, AND DRY VINEYARDS - BRING ON THE BORDEAUX! 30
PLANT DISEASES MAY LIMIT THE KINDS OF PLANTS AND
INDUSTRIES IN AN AREA. 32 CHESTNUTS, ELMS, AND COCONUT PALM TREES -
WHERE HAVE THEY GONE? 32
PLANT DISEASES MAY MAKE PLANTS POISONOUS TO
HUMANS AND ANIMALS 37 ERGOT, ERGOTISM, AND LSD: A BAD COMBINATION 37
MYCOTOXINS AND MYCOTOXICOSES 39
PLANT DISEASES MAY CAUSE FINANCIAL LOSSES. 41 THE INSECT - PATHOGEN
CONNECTION: MULTIFACETED AND IMPORTANT 42
PLANT PATHOLOGY IN THE 20 TH CENTURY 45
EARLY DEVELOPMENTS 45
VN
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THE DESCRIPTIVE PHASE 45 THE EXPERIMENTAL PHASE 46 THE ETIOLOGICAL PHASE
46 THE SEARCH FOR CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES 46
THE MAIN AREAS OF PROGRESS 47 CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES 47
APPEARANCE OF PATHOGEN RACES RESISTANT TO BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES 48
PUBLIC CONCERN ABOUT CHEMICAL PESTICIDES 48 ALTERNATIVE CONTROLS FOR
PLANT DISEASES 49 INTEREST IN THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH PATHOGENS CAUSE
DISEASE 50
THE CONCEPT OF GENETIC INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE AND PATHOGENICITY 52
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PLANT DISEASE COMES OF AGE 53
PLANT PATHOLOGY TODAY AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 54 MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 54 ASPECTS OF APPLIED PLANT
PATHOLOGY 56 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY - THE PROMISE AND THE
OBJECTIONS 56 FOOD SAFETY 58 BIOTERRORISM, AGROTERRORISM, BIOLOGICAL
WARFARE, ETC. WHO, WHAT, WHY 59
WORLDWIDE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY AS
A PROFESSION 60
INTERNATIONAL CENTERS FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 60 TRENDS IN TEACHING
AND TRAINING 61 PLANT DISEASE CLINICS 62 THE PRACTICE AND PRACTITIONERS
OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 63
CERTIFICATION OF PROFESSIONAL PLANT PATHOLOGISTS 63 PLANT PATHOLOGY AS A
PART OF PLANT MEDICINE; THE DOCTOR OF PLANT MEDICINE PROGRAM 64
PLANT PATHOLOGISTS CONTRIBUTIN TO CROPS
AND SOCIETY 65
SOME HISTORICAL AND PRESENT EXAMPLES OF LOSSES CAUSED BY PLANT DISEASES
65 PLANT DISEASES AND WORLD CROP PRODUCTION 65 CROP LOSSES TO DISEASES,
INSECTS AND
WEEDS 66
PESTICIDES AND PLANT DISEASES 69 BASIC PROCEDURES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF
PLANT DISEASES 71
PATHOGEN OR ENVIRONMENT 71 INFECTIOUS DISEASES 72 PARASITIC HIGHER
PLANTS - NEMATODES - FUNGI AND BACTERIA: FUNGI - BACTERIA AND MOLLICUTES
72
VIRUSES AND VIROIDS - MORE THAN ONE PATHOGEN 73
NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES 73
IDENTIFICATION OF A PRECIOUSLY UNKNOWN DISEASE:
KOCH S POSTULATES 74
CHAPTER TWO
PARASITISM AND DISEASE DEVELOPMENT PARASITISM AND PATHOGENICITY 77
HOST RANGE OF PATHOGENS 78 DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASE IN PLANTS 79 STAGES IN
THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASE: THE DISEASE CYCLE 80
INOCULATION 80 INOCULATION, TYPES OF INOCULUM, SOURCES OF INOCULUM,
LANDING OR ARRIVAL OF INOCULUM 80
PREPENETRATION PHENOMENA 82 ATTACHMENT OF PATHOGEN TO HOST, SPORE
GERMINATION AND PERCEPTION OF THE HOST SURFACE, APPRESSORIUM FORMATION
AND MATURATION, RECOGNITION BETWEEN HOST
AND PATHOGEN, GERMINATION OF SPORES AND SEEDS, HATCHING OF NEMATODE EGGS
82
PENETRATION 87 DIRECT PENETRATION THROUGH INTACT PLANT SURFACES,
PENETRATION THROUGH WOUNDS, PENETRATION THROUGH NATURAL OPENINGS 87
INFECTION 89 INFECTION, INVASION, GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF THE
PATHOGEN (COLONIZATION) 89
DISSEMINATION OF THE PATHOGEN 96 DISSEMINATION BY AIR, DISSEMINATION BY
WATER, DISSEMINATION BY INSECTS, MITES, NEMATODES, AND OTHER VECTORS,
DISSEMINATION BY POLLEN, SEED, TRANSPLANTS,
BUDWOOD, AND NURSERY STOCK, DISSEMINATION BY HUMANS 96
OVERWINTERING AND/OR OVERSUMMERING OF
PATHOGENS 100 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DISEASE CYCLES AND EPIDEMICS 102
CHAPTER THREE
EFFECTS OF PATHOGENS ON PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS EFFECTS OF
PATHOGENS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS 106 EFFECT OF PATHOGENS ON TRANSLOCATION OF
WATER
AND NUTRIENTS IN THE HOST PLANT 106
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INTERFERENCE WITH UPWARD TRANSLOCATION OF WATER
AND INORGANIC NUTRIENTS 106 EFFECT ON ABSORPTION OF WATER BY ROOTS 108
EFFECT ON TRANSLOCATION OF WATER THROUGH THEXYLEM 108 EFFECT ON
TRANSPIRATION 108 INTERFERENCE WITH THE TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC
NUTRIENTS THROUGH THE PHLOEM 113 EFFECT OF PATHOGENS ON HOST PLANT
RESPIRATION 115 RESPIRATION OF DISEASED PLANTS 117 EFFECT OF PATHOGENS
ON PERMEABILITY OF CELL
MEMBRANES 118 EFFECTS OF PATHOGENS ON TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION 118
EFFECT ON TRANSCRIPTION 119
EFFECT ON TRANSLATION 119
EFFECT OF PATHOGENS ON PLANT GROWTH 119
EFFECT OF PATHOGENS ON PLANT REPRODUCTION 121
CHAPTER FOUR
GENETICS OF PLANT DISEASE INTRODUCTION 125 GENES AND DISEASE -
VARIABILITY IN ORGANISMS - MECHANISMS OF VARIABILITY 126
GENERAL MECHANISMS: MUTATION - RECOMBINATION - GENE AND GENOTYPE FLOW
AMONG PLANT PATHOGENS - POPULATION GENETICS, GENETIC DRIFT, AND
SELECTION - LIFE CYCLES - REPRODUCTION - MATING SYSTEMS -
OUT-CROSSING - PATHOGEN FITNESS 129 SPECIALIZED MECHANISMS OF
VARIABILITY IN PATHOGENS: SEXUAL-LIKE PROCESSES IN FUNGI HETEROKARYOSIS
- PARASEXUALISM - VEGETATIVE INCOMPATIBILITY -
HETEROPLOIDY 131 SEXUAL-LIKE PROCESSES IN BACTERIA AND HORIZONTAL GENE
TRANSFER 132 GENETIC RECOMBINATION IN VIRUSES 133
LOSS OF PATHOGEN VIRULENCE IN CULTURE 133
STAGES OF VARIATION IN PATHOGENS 134
TYPES OF PLANT RESISTANCE TO PATHOGENS 134 TRUE RESISTANCE: PARTIAL,
QUANTITATIVE, POLYGENIC, OR HORIZONTAL RESISTANCE - R-GENE RESISTANCE,
MONOGENIC, OR VERTICAL RESISTANCE 136
DISEASE ESCAPE - TOLERANCE TO DISEASE 137
GENETICS OF VIRULENCE IN PATHOGENS AND OF
RESISTANCE IN HOST PLANTS 139 THE NATURE OF RESISTANCE TO DISEASE -
PATHOGENICITY GENES IN PLANT PATHOGENS 142 GENES INVOLVED IN
PATHOGENESIS AND VIRULENCE BY
PATHOGENS 142
PATHOGENICITY GENES OF FUNGI CONTROLLING:
PRODUCTION OF INFECTION STRUCTURES - DEGRADATION OF CUTICLE AND CELL
WALL - SECONDARY METABOLITES - FUNGAL TOXINS - PATHOGENICITY SIGNALING
SYSTEMS 144 PATHOGENICITY GENES IN PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
CONTROLLING: ADHESION TO PLANT SURFACES - SECRETION SYSTEMS - ENZYMES
THAT DEGRADE CELL WALLS - BACTERIAL TOXINS AS PATHOGENICITY FACTORS -
EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDES AS PATHOGENICITY
FACTORS - BACTERIAL REGULATORY SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS - SENSING PLANT
SIGNALING COMPONENTS - OTHER BACTERIAL PATHOGENICITY FACTORS 146
PATHOGENICITY GENES IN PLANT VIRUSES: - FUNCTIONS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE COAT PROTEIN - VIRAL PATHOGENICITY GENES 149
NEMATODE PATHOGENICITY GENES 150 GENETICS OF RESISTANCE THROUGH THE
HYPERSENSITIVE
RESPONSE 151 PATHOGEN-DERIVED ELICITORS OF DEFENSE RESPONSES IN PLANTS
151
AVIRULENCE (AVR) GENES: ONE OF THE ELICITORS OF PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSES
CHARACTERISTICS OF AVR GENE-CODED PROTEINS: - THEIR STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION ROLE OF AVR GENES IN PATHOGENICITY AND VIRULENCE 154
HRP GENES AND THE TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM 155
RESISTANCE (R) GENES OF PLANTS: EXAMPLES OF R
GENES - HOW DO R GENES CONFER RESISTANCE? - EVOLUTION OF R GENES - OTHER
PLANT GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASE 155 SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION BETWEEN
PATHOGENICITY GENES
AND RESISTANCE GENES: - SIGNALING AND REGULATION OF PROGRAMMED CELL
DEATH - GENES AND SIGNALING IN SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE 160 EXAMPLES
OF MOLECULAR GENETICS OF SELECTED PLANT
DISEASES: - THE POWDERY MILDEW DISEASE - MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA, THE CAUSE
OF RICE BLAST -
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FUSARIUM, THE SOILBORNE PLANT PATHOGEN -
USTILAGO MAYDIS AND CORN SMUT 161 BREEDING OF RESISTANT VARIETIES 165
NATURAL VARIABILITY IN PLANTS - BREEDING AND VARIABILITY IN PLANTS -
BREEDING FOR DISEASE
RESISTANCE SOURCES OF GENES FOR RESISTANCE - TECHNIQUES USED IN
CLASSICAL BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE - SEED, PEDIGREE, AND RECURRENT
SELECTION - TISSUE CULTURE AND GENETIC
ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES 165 GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF PLANT CELLS FOR
DISEASE RESISTANCE 169 ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS IN BREEDING FOR VERTICAL
OR HORIZONTAL RESISTANCE 169 VULNERABILITY OF GENETICALLY UNIFORM CROPS
TO PLANT DISEASE EPIDEMICS 170
CHAPTER FIVE
HOW PATHOGENS ATTACK PLANTS MECHANICAL FORCES EXERTED BY PATHOGENS ON
HOST TISSUES 177 CHEMICAL WEAPONS OF PATHOGENS 179
ENZYMES IN PLANT DISEASE 180 ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION OF CELL WALL
SUBSTANCES 180 CUTICULAR WAX - CUTIN - PECTIC SUBSTANCES - CELLULOSE -
CROSS-LINKING GLYCANS (HEMICELLULOSES) - SUBERIN
- LIGNIN - CELL WALL FLAVONOIDS - CELL WALL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS 180
ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION OF SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN PLANT CELLS 189
PROTEINS - STARCH - LIPIDS 189
MICROBIAL TOXINS IN PLANT DISEASE 190 TOXINS THAT AFFECT A WIDE RANGE OF
HOST PLANTS 190 TABTOXIN - PHASEOLOTOXIN - TENTOXIN - CERCOSPORIN -
OTHER NON-HOST-SPECIFIC TOXINS 191
HOST-SPECIFIC OR HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS 193 VICTORIN, HV TOXIN - T-TOXIN
COCHLIOBOLUS (HELMINTHOSPORIUTN) HETEROSTROPBUS RACE T-TOXIN] - C-TOXIN
- ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA TOXINS - OTHER
HOST-SPECIFIC TOXINS 194
GROWTH REGULATORS IN PLANT DISEASE 196
DETOXIFICATION OF LOW-MOLECULAR WEIGHT ANTIMICROBIAL MOLECULES 201
PROMOTION OF BACTERIAL VIRULENCE BY AVR GENES 202
ROLE OF TYPE III SECRETION IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS 202 PATHOGENICITY
AND VIRULENCE FACTORS IN VIRUSES AND VIROIDS 202
CHAPTER SIX
HOW PLANTS DEFEND THEMSELVES AGAINST PATHOGENS WHATEVER THE PLANT
DEFENSE OR RESISTANCE, IT IS CONTROLLED BY ITS GENES 208
NON-HOST RESISTANCE - PARTIAL, POLYGENIC, QUANTITATIVE, OR HORIZONTAL
RESISTANCE - MONOGENIC, R GENE, OR VERTICAL RESISTANCE 208 PREEXISTING
STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL
DEFENSES 210 PREEXISTING DEFENSE STRUCTURES 210 PREEXISTING CHEMICAL
DEFENSES 211 INHIBITORS RELEASED BY THE PLANT IN ITS ENVIRONMENT -
INHIBITORS PRESENT IN PLANT CELLS BEFORE INFECTION 211
DEFENSE THROUGH LACK OF ESSENTIAL
FACTORS 212
LACK OF RECOGNITION BETWEEN HOST AND PATHOGEN:
LACK OF HOST RECEPTORS AND SENSITIVE SITES FOR TOXINS - LACK OF
ESSENTIAL SUBSTANCES FOR THE PATHOGEN 212 INDUCED STRUCTURAL AND
BIOCHEMICAL
DEFENSES 213 RECOGNITION OF THE PATHOGEN BY THE HOST PLANT 213
TRANSMISSION OF THE ALARM SIGNAL TO HOST DEFENSE PROVIDERS: SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION 214
INDUCED STRUCTURAL DEFENSES: CYTOPLASMIC
DEFENSE REACTION - CELL WALL DEFENSE STRUCTURES 214 HISTOLOGICAL DEFENSE
STRUCTURES: FORMATION OF CORK LAYERS - ABSCISSION LAYERS - TYLOSES -
DEPOSITION OF GUMS 21S NECROTIC STRUCTURAL DEFENSE REACTION:
DEFENSE THROUGH THE HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE 217 INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL
DEFENSES IN: NON-HOST RESISTANCE - IN PARTIAL, QUANTITATIVE
IMAGE 5
XI
(POLYGENIC, GENERAL, OR HORIZONTAL)
RESISTANCE: FUNCTION OF GENE PRODUCTS IN QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE - THE
MECHANISMS OF QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE - EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON
QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE 217 INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL DEFENSES IN THE
HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE (R GENE) RESISTANCE 221 THE HYPERSENSITIVE
RESPONSE: GENES INDUCED DURING EARLY INFECTION - FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF
PLANT DEFENSE GENES - CLASSES OF R GENE PROTEINS - RECOGNITION OF AVR
PROTEINS OF PATHOGENS BY THE HOST PLANT - HOW DO R AND AVR GENE PRODUCTS
ACTIVATE PLANT RESPONSES? - SOME EXAMPLES OF PLANT DEFENSE THROUGH R
GENES AND THEIR MATCHING AVR GENES: - THE RICE PI-TA GENE. THE TOMATO CF
GENES. THE TOMATO BS2 GENE. THE ARABIDOPSIS RPM1 GENE - THE CO-FUNCTION
OF TWO OR MORE
GENES. 221 DEFENSE INVOLVING BACTERIAL TYPE III EFFECTOR PROTEINS 229
PRODUCTION OF ACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES,
LIPOXYGENASES, AND DISRUPTION OF CELL MEMBRANES - REINFORCEMENT OF HOST
CELL WALLS WITH STRENGTHENING MOLECULES 231 PRODUCTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL
SUBSTANCES IN ATTACKED
HOST CELLS - PATHOGENESIS-RELATED (PR) PROTEINS 232 DEFENSE THROUGH
PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES - PHENOLICS: - SIMPLE PHENOLIC
COMPOUNDS - TOXIC PHENOLICS FROM NONTOXIC PHENOLIC GLYCOSIDES - ROLE OF
PHENOL-OXIDIZING ENZYMES IN DISEASE RESISTANCE - PHYTOALEXINS 233
DETOXIFICATION OF PATHOGEN TOXINS BY PLANTS -
IMMUNIZATION OF PLANTS AGAINST PATHOGENS: DEFENSE THROUGH PLANTIBODIES
236 RESISTANCE THROUGH PRIOR EXPOSURE TO MUTANTS OF REDUCED
PATHOGENICITY 237
SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE: - INDUCTION BY ARTIFICIAL INOCULATION WITH
MICROBES OR BY
TREATMENT WITH CHEMICALS 237 DEFENSE THROUGH GENETICALLY ENGINEERING
DISEASE-RESISTANT PLANTS 242 WITH PLANT-DERIVED GENES - WITH
PATHOGEN-DERIVED GENES 242 DEFENSE THROUGH RNA SILENCING BY
PATHOGEN-DERIVED GENES 242
CHAPTER SEVEN
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFECTIOUS PLANT DISEASE
INTRODUCTION 251 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE 253 EFFECT OF MOISTURE 257 EFFECT
OF WIND 257 EFFECT OF LIGHT 257 EFFECT OF SOIL PH AND SOIL STRUCTURE 257
EFFECT OF HOST-PLANT NUTRITION 257 EFFECT OF HERBICIDES 262 EFFECT OF
AIR POLLUTANTS 262
CHAPTER EIGHT
PLANT DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY THE ELEMENTS OF AN EPIDEMIC 266 HOST FACTORS
THAT AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIDEMICS 267
LEVELS OF GENETIC RESISTANCE OR SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE HOST - DEGREE OF
GENETIC UNIFORMITY OF HOST PLANTS - TYPE OF CROP - AGE OF HOST PLANTS
267
PATHOGEN FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEVELOPMENT OF EPIDEMICS 269 LEVELS OF
VIRULENCE - QUANTITY OF INOCULUM NEAR HOSTS - TYPE OF REPRODUCTION OF
THE PATHOGEN
- ECOLOGY OF THE PATHOGEN - MODE OF SPREAD OF THE PATHOGEN 269
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEVELOPMENT OF EPIDEMICS 271
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XII
MOISTURE - TEMPERATURE 271
EFFECT OF HUMAN CULTURAL PRACTICES AND CONTROL MEASURES 272 SITE
SELECTION AND PREPARATION - SELECTION OF PROPAGATIVE MATERIAL - CULTURAL
PRACTICES -
DISEASE CONTROL MEASURES - INTRODUCTION OF NEW PATHOGENS 272 MEASUREMENT
OF PLANT DISEASE AND OF YIELD LOSS 273
PATTERNS OF EPIDEMICS - COMPARISON OF EPIDEMICS - DEVELOPMENT OF
EPIDEMICS - MODELING OF PLANT DISEASE EPIDEMICS - COMPUTER SIMULATION OF
EPIDEMICS 274 FORECASTING PLANT DISEASE EPIDEMICS 281
EVALUATION OF EPIDEMIC THRESHOLDS - EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC DAMAGE
THRESHOLD - ASSESSMENT OF INITIAL INOCULUM AND OF DISEASE - MONITORING
WEATHER FACTORS THAT AFFECT DISEASE
DEVELOPMENT 281 NEW TOOLS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 283 MOLECULAR TOOLS. GIS.
REMOTE SENSING. IMAGE ANALYSIS. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 283
EXAMPLES OF PLANT DISEASE FORECAST SYSTEMS 285 FORECASTS BASED ON AMOUNT
OF INITIAL INOCULUM - ON WEATHER CONDITIONS FAVORING DEVELOPMENT OF
SECONDARY INOCULUM - ON AMOUNTS OF INITIAL AND SECONDARY INOCULUM 285
DISEASE-WARNING SYSTEMS - DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF EXPERT SYSTEMS IN PLANT
PATHOLOGY - DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 289
CHAPTER NINE
CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES CONTROL METHODS THAT EXCLUDE THE PATHOGEN FROM
THE HOST 295
QUARANTINES AND INSPECTIONS - CROP CERTIFICATION - EVASION OR AVOIDANCE
OF PATHOGEN - USE OF PATHOGEN-FREE PROPAGATING MATERIAL - PATHOGEN- FREE
SEED - PATHOGEN-FREE VEGETATIVE
PROPAGATING MATERIALS - EXCLUSION OF PATHOGENS FROM PLANT SURFACES BY
EPIDERMAL
COATINGS 295 CONTROL METHODS THAT ERADICATE OR REDUCE PATHOGEN INOCULUM
298 CULTURAL METHODS THAT ERADICATE OR REDUCE THE
INOCULUM: - HOST ERADICATION - CROP ROTATION - SANITATION - CREATING
CONDITIONS UNFAVORABLE TO THE PATHOGEN - POLYETHYLENE TRAPS AND
MULCHES 300 BIOLOGICAL METHODS THAT ERADICATE OR REDUCE THE INOCULUM: -
SUPPRESSIVE SOILS 303 REDUCING AMOUNT OF PATHOGEN INOCULUM THROUGH
ANTAGONISTIC MICROORGANISMS SOILBORNE PATHOGENS - AERIAL PATHOGENS -
MECHANISMS OF ACTION - CONTROL THROUGH TRAP PLANTS - CONTROL THROUGH
ANTAGONISTIC PLANTS 305 PHYSICAL METHODS THAT ERADICATE OR REDUCE THE
INOCULUM - CONTROL BY HEAT TREATMENT - SOIL STERILIZATION BY HEAT - SO/7
SOLARIZATION HOT- WATER TREATMENT OF PROPAGATIVE ORGANS - HOT- AIR
TREATMENT OF STORAGE ORGANS CONTROL BY ELIMINATING CERTAIN LIGHT
WAVELENGTHS - DRYING STORED GRAINS AND FRUIT - DISEASE CONTROL
BY RADIATION - TRENCH BARRIERS AGAINST ROOT-TRANSMITTED TREE DISEASES
310 CHEMICAL METHODS THAT ERADICATE OR REDUCE THE INOCULUM - SOZ7
TREATMENT WITH CHEMICALS -
FUMIGATION - DISINFESTATION OF WAREHOUSES - CONTROL OF INSECT VECTORS
312 CROSS PROTECTION - INDUCED RESISTANCE: SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE
- PLANT DEFENSE ACTIVATORS
- IMPROVING THE GROWING CONDITIONS OF PLANTS - USE OF RESISTANT
VARIETIES 314 CONTROL THROUGH USE OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS TRANSFORMED FOR
DISEASE RESISTANCE TRANSGENIC
PLANTS THAT TOLERATE ABIOTIC STRESSES - TRANSGENIC PLANTS TRANSFORMED
WITH: SPECIFIC PLANT GENES FOR RESISTANCE - WITH GENES CODING FOR ANTI-
PATHOGEN COMPOUNDS - WITH NUCLEIC ACIDS THAT
LEAD TO RESISTANCE AND TO PATHOGEN GENE SILENCING - WITH COMBINATIONS OF
RESISTANCE GENES - PRODUCING ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE PATHOGEN -
TRANSGENIC BIOCONTROL
MICROORGANISMS 319
IMAGE 7
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DIRECT PROTECTION OF PLANTS FROM
PATHOGENS 322 BY BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS: - FUNGAL ANTAGONISTS:
HETEROBASIDION (FOMES) ANNOSUM BY PHLEVIOPSIS (PENIOPHORA) GIGANTEA -
CHESTNUT BLIGHT WITH
HYPOVIRULENT STRAINS OF THE PATHOGEN - SOILBORNE DISEASES - DISEASES OF
AERIAL PLANT PARTS WITH FUNGI. - POSTHARVEST DISEASES BACTERIAL
ANTAGONISTS: SOILBORNE DISEASES - DISEASES OF
AERIAL PLANT PARTS WITH BACTERIA - POSTHARVEST DISEASES - WITH BACTERIA
OF BACTERIA-MEDIATED FROST INJURY 328
VIRAL PARASITES OF PLANT PATHOGENS 328 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS 328
DIRECT PROTECTION BY CHEMICALS 329 METHODS OF APPLICATION OF CHEMICALS
FOR PLANT
DISEASE CONTROL - FOLIAGE SPRAYS AND DUSTS - SEED TREATMENT - SOIL
TREATMENT - TREATMENT OF TREE WOUNDS - CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST DISEASES
332
TYPES OF CHEMICALS USED FOR PLANT DISEASE
CONTROL 338
INORGANIC - INORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS - CARBONATE COMPOUNDS - PHOSPHATE
AND PHOSPHONATE COMPOUNDS - FILM-FORMING COMPOUNDS 338 ORGANIC
CHEMICALS: CONTACT PROTECTIVE FUNGICIDES -
ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS: DITIHIOCARBAMATES 339 SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDES: -
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS - ACYLALANINES - BENZIMIDAZOLES - OXANTHIINS -
ORGANOPHOSPHATE FUNGICIDES - PYRIMIDINES -
TRIZOLES - STROBILURINS OR QOL FUNGICIDES - MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMICS 340
MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIC FUNGICIDES - ANTIBIOTICS - PETROLEUM OILS AND
PLANT OILS - ELECTROLYED OXIDIZING
WATER - GROWTH REGULATORS - NEMATICIDES: - HOLOGENATED HYDROCARBONS -
ORGANOPHOSPHATE NEMATICIDES - ISOTHIOCOYANATES - CARBAMATES -
MISCELLANEOUS NEMATICIDES 343
MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF CHEMICALS USED TO
CONTROL PLANT DISEASES - RESISTANCE OF PATHOGENS TO CHEMICALS -
RESTRICTIONS ON CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES 345 INTEGRATED
CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES: - IN A
PERENNIAL CROP - IN AN ANNUAL CROP 348
PART TWO
SPECIFIC PLANT DISEASES
CHAPTER TEN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CAUSE PLANT DISEASES
INTRODUCTION: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS -
DIAGNOSIS - CONTROL 358 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS: HIGH-TEMPERATURE EFFECTS -
LOW-TEMPERATURE EFFECTS - LOW- TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON INDOOR
PLANTS 358
MOISTURE EFFECTS: LOW SOIL MOISTURE EFFECTS - LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY -
HIGH SOIL MOISTURE EFFECTS 365 INADEQUATE OXYGEN 367 LIGHT 368
AIR POLLUTION 368 AIR POLLUTANTS AND KINDS OF INJURY TO PLANTS - MAIN
SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTANTS - HOW AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECT PLANTS - ACID RAIN
. 000
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES IN PLANTS 372 SOIL MINERALS TOXIC TO PLANTS 372
HERBICIDE INJURY 378 OTHER IMPROPER AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES 381 THE OFTEN
CONFUSED ETIOLOGY OF STRESS
DISEASES 383
CHAPTER ELEVEN
PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY FUNGI INTRODUCTION 383 SOME INTERESTING FACTS
ABOUT FUNGI (BOX) 387
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI 388
MORPHOLOGY - REPRODUCTION - ECOLOGY - DISSEMINATION 388 CLASSIFICATION
OF PLANT PATHOGENIC
FUNGI 390
IMAGE 8
XIV
FUNGALLIKE ORGANISMS - THE TRUE FUNGI 391
IDENTIFICATION: SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY FUNGI ON PLANTS 397
ISOLATION OF FUNGI (AND BACTERIA) 398 PREPARING FOR ISOLATION -
ISOLATING THE PATHOGEN 398
LIFE CYCLES OF FUNGI 402 CONTROL OF FUNGAL DISEASES OF PLANTS 403
DISEASES CAUSED BY FUNGALLIKE ORGANISMS 404
DISEASES CAUSED BY MYXOMYCOTA (MYXOMYCETES) 404 DISEASES CAUSED BY
PLASMODIOPHOROMYCETES 405
CLUBROOT OF CRUCIFERS 407 DISEASES CAUSED BY OOMYCETES 409 PYTHIUM SEED
ROT, DAMPING-OFF ROOT ROT, AND SOFT ROT 410
PHYTOPHTHORA DISEASES 414 PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT AND STEM ROTS -
PBYTOPHTHORAS DECLARE WAR ON CULTIVATED PLANTS AND ON NATIVE TREE
SPECIES (BOX) 414
LATE BLIGHT OF POTATOES 421
THE DOWNY MILDEWS 427 INTRODUCTION - DOWNY MILDEW OF GRAPE 428 DISEASES
CAUSED BY TRUE FUNGI 433
DISEASES CAUSED BY CHYTRIDIOMYCETES 433 DISEASES CAUSED BY ZYGOMYCETES
434 DISEASES CAUSED BY ASCOMYCETES AND MITOSPORIC FUNGI 439
SOOTY MOLDS - TAPHRINA LEAF CURL DISEASES - POWDERY MILDEWS 440 FOLIAR
DISEASES CAUSED BY ASCOMYCETES AND DEUTEROMYCETES (MITOSPORIC FUNGI) 452
ALTERNARIA DISEASES - CLADOSPORIUM DISEASES - NEEDLE CASTS AND BLIGHTS
OF CONIFERS 452 MYCOSPHAERELLA DISEASES: BANANA LEAF SPOT OR SIGATOKA
DISEASE 458 SEPTORIA DISEASES - CERCOSPORA DISEASES - RICE BLAST
DISEASE 460 COCHLIOBOLUS, PYRENOPHORA AND SETOSPHAERIA DISEASES OF
CEREALS AND GRASSES 466
DISEASES OF CORN: - SOUTHERN CORN LEAF BLIGHT - NORTHERN CORN LEAF
BLIGHT - NORTHERN CORN LEAF SPOT 466
DISEASES OF RICE - BROWN SPOT DISEASE OF RICE 468
COCHLIOBOLUS DISEASES OF WHEAT, BARLEY, AND OTHER GRASSES 469 CROWN ROT
AND COMMON ROOT ROT - SPOT BLOTCH OF BARLEY AND WHEAT 469
PYRENOPHORA DISEASES OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS 469 NET BLOTCH OF BARLEY
- BARLEY STRIPE - TAN SPOT OF WHEAT 469
STEM AND TWIG CANKERS CAUSED BY
ASCOMYCETES AND DEUTEROMYCETES (MITOSPORIC FUNGI) 473 BLACK KNOT OF PLUM
AND CHERRY - CHESTNUT BLIGHT - NECTRIA CANKER - LEUCOSTOMA CANKER 476
CANKERS OF FOREST TREES: - HYPOXYLON CANKER - PITCH CANKER - BUTTERNUT
CANKER - PHOMOPSIS BLIGHT - SEIRIDIUM CANKER 481 ANTHRACNOSE DISEASES
CAUSED BY ASCOMYCETES
AND DEUREROMYCETES (MITOSPORIC FUNGI) 483
BLACK SPOT OF ROSE 485 ELSINOE ANTHRACNOSE AND SCAB DISEASES: - GRAPE
ANTHRACNOSE OR BIRD S-EYE ROT - RASPBERRY ANTHRACNOSE - CITRUS SCAB
DISEASES - AVOCADO
SCAB 486 COLLETOTRICHUM DISEASES: COLLETOTRICHUM ANTHRACNOSE DISEASES OF
ANNUAL PLANTS 487 ANTHRACNOSE OF BEANS - ANTHRACNOSE OF CUCURBITS -
ANTHRACNOSE OR RIPE ROT OF TOMATO - ONION ANTHRACNOSE OR SMUDGE -
STRAWBERRY ANTHRACNOSE - ANTHRACNOSE OF CEREALS AND GRASSES 490
COLLETOTRICHUM ANTHRACNOSES: A MENACE TO
TROPICAL CROPS (BOX) COLLETOTRICHUM 491 BITTER ROT OF APPLE - RIPE ROT
OF GRAPE 494 GNOMONIA ANTHRACNOSE AND LEAF SPOT
DISEASES 498 DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE 501 FRUIT AND GENERAL DISEASES CAUSED
BY ASCOMYCETES AND DEUTEROMYCETES
(MITOSPORIC FUNGI) 501 ERGOT OF CEREALS AND GRASSES - APPLE SCAB - BROWN
ROT OF STONE FRUITS - MONOLIOPHTHORA POD ROT OF CACAO - BOTRYTIS
DISEASES - BLACK
ROT OF GRAPE - CUCURBIT GUMMY STEM BLIGHT AND BLACK ROT - DIAPORTHE,
PHOMOPSIS, AND PHOMA DISEASES - STEM CANKER OF SOYBEANS - MELANOSE
DISEASE OF CITRUS - PHOMOPSIS
DISEASES - BLACK ROT OF APPLE 501
IMAGE 9
XV
VASCULAR WILTS CAUSED BY ASCOMYCETES
AND DEUTEROMYCETES (MITOSPORIC FUNGI) 522
FUSARIUM WILTS: OF TOMATO - FUSARIUM OR PANAMA WILT OF BANANA 523
VERTICILLIUM WILTS 526 OPHIOSTOMA WILT OF ELM TREES: DUTCH ELM
DISEASE 528 CERATOCYSTIS WILTS - OAK WILT - CERATOCYSTIS WILT OF
EUCALYPTUS 532 ROOT AND STEM ROTS CAUSED BY ASCOMYCETES
AND DEUTEROMYCETES (MITOSPORIC FUNGI) 534
GIBBERELLA DISEASES - GIBBERELLA STALK AND EAR ROT, AND SEEDLING BLIGHT
OF CORN 535 FUSARIUM (GIBBERELLA) HEAD BLIGHT (FHB) OR SCAB OF SMALL
GRAINS 535 FUSARIUM ROOT AND STEM ROTS OF NON-GRAIN
CROPS 538 TAKE-ALL OF WHEAT - THIELAVOPSIS BLACK ROOT ROT -
MONOSPORASCUS ROOT ROT AND VINE DECLINE OF MELONS 540 SCLEROTINIA
DISEASES: SCLEROTINIA DISEASES OF
VEGETABLES AND FLOWERS - PHYMATOTRICHUM ROOT ROT 546
POSTBARVEST DISEASES OF PLANT PRODUCTS CAUSED BY ASCOMYCETES AND
DEUTEROMYCETES 553 POSTHARVEST DECAYS OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 556
ASPERGILLUS, PENICILLIUM, RHIZOPUS, AND MUCOR -
ALTERNARIA - BOTRYTIS - FUSARIUM - GEOTRICHUM - PENICILLIUM -
SCLEROTINIA 556
CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST DECAYS OF FRESH FRUITS AND
VEGETABLES 557 POSTHARVEST DECAYS OF GRAIN AND LEGUME SEEDS 558
MYCOTOXINS AND MYCOTOXICOSES 559
ASPERGILLUS TOXINS - AFLATOXINS 559 FUSARIUM TOXINS - OTHER ASPERGILLUS
TOXINS AND PENICILLIUM TOXINS 559
CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST GRAIN DECAYS 560
DISEASES CAUSED BY BASIDIOMYCETES 562 THE RUSTS - THE SMUTS - ROOT AND
STEM ROTS - WOOD ROTS AND DECAYS - WITCHES BROOM 562
THE RUSTS 562
CEREAL RUSTS - STEM RUST OF WHEAT AND OTHER CEREALS 565 RUSTS OF LEGUMES
- BEAN RUST - SOYBEAN RUST - A MAJOR THREAT TO A MAJOR CROP (BOX) 571
CEDAR-APPLE RUST - COFFEE RUST 574 RUSTS OF FOREST TREES: - WHITE PINE
BLISTER RUST - FUSIFORM RUST 577 THE SMUTS 582
CORN SMUT - LOOSE SMUT OF CEREALS - COVERED SMUT, OR BUNT, OF WHEAT 588
KARNAL BUNT OF SMALL GRAINS-LEGITIMATE CONCERNS AND POLITICAL
PREDICAMENTS (BOX) 592 ROOT AND STEM ROTS CAUSED BY
BASIDIOMYCETES 593 ROOT AND STEM ROT DISEASES CAUSED BY THE STERILE
FUNGI RHIZOCTONIA AND SCLEROTIUM 593 RHIZOCTONIA DISEASES - SCLEROTIUM
DISEASES 594 ROOT ROTS OF TREES 602
ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT OF FRUIT AND FOREST TREES 602 WOOD ROTS AND DECAYS
CAUSED BY
BASIDIOMYCETES 604 WITCHES BROOM OF CACAO 611
CHAPTER TWELVE
PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY PROKARYOTES: BACTERIA AND MOLLICUTES
INTRODUCTION 616 PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA 618 CHARACTERISTICS
OF PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA 618 MORPHOLOGY - REPRODUCTION - ECOLOGY AND
SPREAD - IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA - SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY BACTERIA -
CONTROL OF BACTERIAL DISEASES OF PLANTS 618
BACTERIAL SPOTS AND BLIGHTS 627
INTRODUCTION - WILDFIRE OF TOBACCO - BACTERIAL BLIGHTS OF BEAN - ANGULAR
LEAF SPOT OF CUCUMBER - ANGULAR LEAF SPOT OR BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF COTTON
- BACTERIAL LEAF SPOTS AND BLIGHTS OF CEREALS AND GRASSES - BACTERIAL
SPOT
OF TOMATO AND PEPPER - BACTERIAL SPECK OF
IMAGE 10
XVI
TOMATO - BACTERIAL FRUIT BLOTCH OF WATERMELON
- CASSAVA BACTERIAL BLIGHT - BACTERIAL SPOT OF STONE FRUITS 627
BACTERIAL VASCULAR WILTS 638
BACTERIAL WILT OF CUCURBITS - FIRE BLIGHT OF PEAR AND APPLE - SOUTHERN
BACTERIAL WILT OF SOLANACEOUS PLANTS - BACTERIAL WILT OR MOKO DISEASE OF
BANANA - RING ROT OF POTATO 639 BACTERIAL CANKER AND WILT OF TOMATO -
BACTERIAL
WILT (BLACK ROT) OF CRUCIFERS - STEWART S WILT OF CORN 651
BACTERIAL SOFT ROTS 656
BACTERIAL SOFT ROTS OF VEGETABLES 656
THE INCALCULABLE POSTHARVEST LOSSES FROM BACTERIAL
(AND FUNGAL) SOFT ROTS (BOX) 660 BACTERIAL GALLS 662 CROWN GALL 662 THE
CROWN GALL BACTERIUM - THE NATURAL GENETIC
ENGINEER (BOX) 664 BACTERIAL CANKERS 667 BACTERIAL CANKER AND GUMMOSIS
OF STONE FRUIT
TREES - CITRUS CANKER 667 BACTERIAL SCABS 674
COMMON SCAB OF POTATO 667 ROOT NODULES OF LEGUMES 675 XYLEM-INHABITING
FASTIDIOUS BACTERIA 678 PIERCE S DISEASE OF GRAPE - CITRUS
VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS - RATOON STUNTING OF SUGARCANE 679
PHLOEM-INHABITING FASTIDIOUS BACTERIA 683 YELLOW VINE DISEASE OF
CUCURBITS - CITRUS GREENING DISEASE - PAPAYA BUNCHY TOP DISEASE 684
PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY MOLLICUTES:
PHYTOPLASMAS AND SPIROPLASMAS 687 PROPERTIES OF TRUE MYCOPLASMAS -
PHYTOPLASMAS - SPIROPLASMAS 688
EXAMPLES OF PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY MOLLICUTES 691 ASTER YELLOWS -
LETHAL YELLOWING OF COCONUT PALMS - APPLE PROLIFERATION - EUROPEAN STONE
FRUIT YELLOWS - ASH YELLOWS - ELM YELLOWS
(PHLOEM NECROSIS) - PEACH X-DISEASE - PEAR
DECLINE 691 SPIROPLASMA DISEASES 699 CITRUS STUBBORN DISEASE - CORN
STUNT DISEASE 691
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY PARASITIC HIGHER PLANTS, INVASIVE CLIMBING
PLANTS, AND PARASITIC GREEN ALGAE
INTRODUCTION - PARASITIC HIGHER PLANTS 705 DODDER -WITCHWEED -
BROOMRAPES - DWARF MISTLETOES OF CONIFERS - TRUE OR LEAFY MISTLETOES 706
INVASIVE CLIMBING PLANTS 716
OLD WORLD CLIMBING FERN - KUDZU VINE 717 PARASITIC GREEN ALGAE:
CEPHALEUROS 719 PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY ALGAE 719
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUSES INTRODUCTION 724 CHARACTERISTICS OF
PLANT VIRUSES 724 DETECTION - MORPHOLOGY - COMPOSITION AND
STRUCTURE: OF VIRAL PROTEIN - OF VIRAL NUCLEIC ACID 725
SATELLITE VIRUSES AND SATELLITE RNAS 731 THE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF
VIRAL COMPONENTS:
CODING 731 VIRUS INFECTION AND VIRUS SYNTHESIS 731 TRANSLOCATION AND
DISTRIBUTION OF VIRUSES IN PLANTS 733
SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY PLANT VIRUSES 734 PHYSIOLOGY OF VIRUS-INFECTED PLANTS
737 TRANSMISSION OF PLANT VIRUSES BY: VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION - SAP -
SEED - POLLEN -
INSECTS - MITES - NEMATODES - FUNGI - DODDER 737 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PLANT
VIRUSES AND VIROIDS 743
IMAGE 11
XV11
PURIFICATION OF PLANT VIRUSES - SEROLOGY OF
PLANT VIRUSES 743 NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT VIRUSES 747
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT VIRUSES 751
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF PLANT VIRUSES 752 CONTROL OF PLANT VIRUSES 753
DISEASES CAUSED BY RIGID ROD-SHAPED VIRUSES 757
DISEASES CAUSED BY TOBAMOVIRUSES: - TOBACCO MOSAIC 757 THE CONTRIBUTION
OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS TO BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (BOX) 757 DISEASES
CAUSED BY TOBRAVIRUSES: - TOBACCO RATTLE
BY FUROVIRUSES - BY HORDEIVIRUSES - BY PECLUVIRUSES - BY POMOVIRUSES -
BY BENYVIRUSES 758 DISEASES CAUSED BY FILAMENTOUS VIRUSES 762 DISEASES
CAUSED BY POTEXVIRUSES - BY CARLAVIRUSES - BY CAPILLOVIRUSES AND
TRICHOVIRUSES - BY ALLEXIVIRUSES, FOVEAVIRUSES, AND
VITIVIRUSES 762 DISEASES CAUSED BY POTYVIRIDAE 764 DISEASES CAUSED BY
POTYVIRUSES 764 BEAN COMMON MOSAIC AND BEAN YELLOW MOSAIC - LETTUCE
MOSAIC - PLUM POX - PAPAYA RINGSPOT - POTATO VIRUS Y - SUGARCANE MOSAIC
- TOBACCO ETCH - TURNIP MOSAIC - WATERMELON MOSAIC - ZUCCHINI YELLOW
MOSAIC 767
DISEASES CAUSED BY IPOMOVIRUSES, MACLURAVIRUSES,
RYMOVIRUSES, AND TRITIMOVIRUSES - BY BYMOVIRUSES 773 DISEASES CAUSED BY
CLOSTEROVIRIDAE 774 DISEASES CAUSED BY CLOSTEROVIRUSES: - CITRUS
TRISTEZA - BEET YELLOWSDISEASES CAUSED BY CRINIVIRUSES: - LETTUCE
INFECTIOUS YELLOWS 774 DISEASES CAUSED BY ISOMETRIC SINGLE-STRANDED RNA
VIRUSES 779 DISEASES CAUSED BY SEQUIVIRIDAE, GENUS
WAIKAVIRUS 779 RICE TUNGRODISEASES CAUSED BY
TOMBUSVIRIDAE 779 DISEASES CAUSED BY LUTEOVIRIDAE 781 BARLEY YELLOW
DWARF - POTATO LEAFROLL - BEET WESTERN YELLOWS 781
DISEASES CAUSED BY MONOPARTITE ISOMETRIC (+)SSRNA VIRUSES OF GENERA NOT
YET ASSIGNED TO FAMILIES 783 DISEASES CAUSED BY COMOVIRIDAE 784
DISEASES CAUSED BY COMOVIRUSES 784 DISEASES CAUSED BY NEPOVIRUSES 784
TOMATO RING SPOT - GRAPEVINE FANLEAF-RASPBERRY RING SPOT 785
DISEASES CAUSED BY BROMOVIRIDAE 787
DISEASES CAUSED BY CUCUMOVIRUSES 787 CUCUMBER MOSAIC 788 DISEASES CAUSED
BY ILARVIRUSES: PRUNUS NECROTIC RING SPOT 790
DISEASES CAUSED BY ISOMETRIC DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUSES 792 DISEASES
CAUSED BY REOVIRIDAE 792 DISEASES CAUSED BY NEGATIVE RNA [(-)SSRNA]
VIRUSES 794 PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY RHABDOVIRUSES 794
PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY TOSPOVIRUSES 795 PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY
TENUIVIRUSES 799 DISEASES CAUSED BY DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA VIRUSES 801
DISEASES CAUSED BY CAULIMOVIRUSES AND OTHER ISOMETRIC CAULIMOVIRIDAE 801
DISEASES CAUSED BY BADNAVIRUSES 803 DISEASES CAUSED BY SINGLE-STRANDED
DNA
VIRUSES 805
PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY GEMINIVIRIDAE 805 BEET CURLY TOP - MAIZE STREAK
- AFRICAN CASSAVA MOSAIC - BEAN GOLDEN MOSAIC - SQUASH LEAF
CURL - TOMATO MOTTLE - TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL 809
PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY ISOMETRIC SINGLE- STRANDED 813 DNA VIRUSES: THE
CIRCOVIRIDAE 813 BANANA BUNCHY TOP 814
IMAGE 12
XV111
COCONUT FOLIAR DECAY 815
VIROIDS 816
PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY VIROIDS 816 TAXONOMY (GROUPING) OF VIROIDS 816
POTATO SPINDLE TUBER - CITRUS EXOCORTIS - COCONUT CADANG-CADANG 820
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY NEMATODES INTRODUCTION 826 CHARACTERISTICS OF
PLANT PATHOGENIC
NEMATODES 827 MORPHOLOGY - ANATOMY - LIFE CYCLES - ECOLOGY AND SPREAD -
CLASSIFICATION 827 ISOLATION OF NEMATODES 831
ISOLATION OF NEMATODES FROM SOIL 831 ISOLATION OF NEMATODES FROM PLANT
MATERIAL 832 SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY NEMATODES 832 HOW NEMATODES AFFECT
PLANTS 833 INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NEMATODES AND
OTHER PLANT PATHOGENS 835 CONTROL OF NEMATODES 836 IMPORTANT NEMATODES
AND DISEASES 838 ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES: MELOIDOGYNE 838
CYST NEMATODES: HETERODERA AND GLOBODERA 842 SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE:
HETERODERA GLYCINES 843 SUGAR BEET NEMATODE: HETERODERA SCHACBTII 846
POTATO CYST NEMATODE: GLOBODERA ROSTOCBIENSIS
AND GLOBODERA PALLIDA 847 THE CITRUS NEMATODE: TYLENCHULUS SEMIPENETRANS
848
LESION NEMATODES: PRATYLENCHUS 849 THE BURROWING NEMATODE: RADOPHOLUS
853 THE ADDED SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANT NEMATODES IN THE TROPICS AND
SUBTROPICS (BOX) 858
STEM AND BULB NEMATODE: DITYLENCHUS 858 STING NEMATODE: BELONOLAIMUS 860
STUBBY-ROOT NEMATODES: PARATRICHODORUS AND TRICHODORUS 863
SEED-GALL NEMATODES: ANGUINA 865 FOLIAR NEMATODES: APHELENCHOIDES 867
PINE WILT AND PALM RED RING DISEASES: BURSAPHELENCHUS 870
PINE WILT NEMATODE: BURSAPHELENCHUS XYLOPHILUS 870 RED RING NEMATODE:
BURSAPHELENCHUS COCOPHILUS 872
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY FLAGELLATE PROTOZOA INTRODUCTION 875
NOMENCLATURE OF PLANT TRYPANOSOMATIDS -
TAXONOMY - PATHOGENICITY - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PLANT
TRYPANOSOMATIDS 877 PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY: 878 PHLOEM-RESTRICTED
TRYPANOSOMATIDS 878
PHLOEM NECROSIS OF COFFEE - HARTROT OF COCONUT PALMS - SUDDEN WILT
(MARCHITEZ SOPRESIVA) OF OIL PALM - WILT AND DECAY OF RED GINGER 878
LATICIFER-RESTRICTED TRYPANOSOMATIDS 882 EMPTY ROOT OF CASSAVA 882
FRUIT-AND SEED-INFECTING TRYPANOSOMATIDS 882 FRUIT TRYPANOSOMATIDS 882
GLOSSARY 887
INDEX 903
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Agrios, George N. |
| author_facet | Agrios, George N. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Agrios, George N. |
| author_variant | g n a gn gna |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV019700820 |
| callnumber-first | S - Agriculture |
| callnumber-label | SB731 |
| callnumber-raw | SB731 |
| callnumber-search | SB731 |
| callnumber-sort | SB 3731 |
| callnumber-subject | SB - Plant Culture |
| classification_rvk | WN 9200 ZC 25300 |
| classification_tum | LAN 240f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)55488155 (DE-599)BVBBV019700820 |
| dewey-full | 571.9/2 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 571 - Physiology & related subjects |
| dewey-raw | 571.9/2 |
| dewey-search | 571.9/2 |
| dewey-sort | 3571.9 12 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie Agrarwissenschaft Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Pflanzenbau |
| edition | 5. ed. |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>02874nam a2200481zc 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV019700820</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20070206 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">050217s2005 ne ad|| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="010" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">2004011924</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0120445654</subfield><subfield code="c">hardcover : alk. paper</subfield><subfield code="9">0-12-044565-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)55488155</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV019700820</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">aacr</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ne</subfield><subfield code="c">NL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-M49</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-20</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1028</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29T</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Eb1</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1029</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">SB731</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">571.9/2</subfield><subfield code="2">22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">WN 9200</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)151112:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZC 25300</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)154779:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">LAN 240f</subfield><subfield code="2">stub</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Agrios, George N.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Plant pathology</subfield><subfield code="c">George Agrios</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">5. ed.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Amsterdam [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Elsevier Academic Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2005</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XXIII, 922 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., graph. Darst.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references and index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"The Fifth Edition of Plant Pathology provides students and professionals with a current, comprehensive and illustrated guide on plant disease. It covers the history of plant pathology, the basic concepts of plant disease, effects of environmental factors on disease initiation and development, and the latest information on epidemiology and control of plant diseases. In addition it reviews many of the important diseases caused by each of the pathogens and by abiotic factors. This classic text presents basic concepts of plant disease, designed for use in lectures, while the specific diseases are organized to serve as the basis for laboratory exercises. Hundreds of color photographs and diagrams illustrate and explain the basic concepts and the specific diseases described in the text. Plant Pathology is written in a clear concise, well-organized style that students can follow and understand." 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| id | DE-604.BV019700820 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-25T17:26:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0120445654 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2004011924 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-013028384 |
| oclc_num | 55488155 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-20 DE-1028 DE-703 DE-29T DE-Eb1 DE-11 DE-1029 |
| owner_facet | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-20 DE-1028 DE-703 DE-29T DE-Eb1 DE-11 DE-1029 |
| physical | XXIII, 922 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Elsevier Academic Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Agrios, George N. Plant pathology Plantes - Maladies et fléaux aPlant diseases Phytopathologie (DE-588)4130197-3 gnd Pflanzenkrankheit (DE-588)4045570-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4130197-3 (DE-588)4045570-1 |
| title | Plant pathology |
| title_auth | Plant pathology |
| title_exact_search | Plant pathology |
| title_full | Plant pathology George Agrios |
| title_fullStr | Plant pathology George Agrios |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant pathology George Agrios |
| title_short | Plant pathology |
| title_sort | plant pathology |
| topic | Plantes - Maladies et fléaux aPlant diseases Phytopathologie (DE-588)4130197-3 gnd Pflanzenkrankheit (DE-588)4045570-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Plantes - Maladies et fléaux aPlant diseases Phytopathologie Pflanzenkrankheit |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013028384&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT agriosgeorgen plantpathology |