Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform

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Veröffentlicht: Washington, D.C. Internat. Monetary Fund 2002
Schriftenreihe:Occasional paper / International Monetary Fund 208
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text Contents Preface vii List of Abbreviations viii I Overview I II External Environment: Politics, Oil, and Debt 3 Political Developments: Unity, Gulf Crisis, Civil War, and Democracy 3 Yemen s Emergence as an Oil Producer 5 External Debt 11 III Macroeconomic Policy During 1990 99 15 Crisis, Controls, and Stagnation: Macroeconomic Policies During 1990 94 16 Reform and the Return of Stability and Growth During 1995 99 20 Preserving the Oil Wealth: A Long Term View of Yemen s Fiscal Policy Stance 22 IV Microeconomic Reforms 26 Foreign Exchange Regime and Foreign Trade Reforms 26 Tax Reform 30 Public Expenditure Reform 32 Reform of the Regulatory Environment 37 Privatization 40 Financial Sector Reforms 41 V Poverty and Social Safety Net Policies 47 Pensions 47 The Social Welfare Fund and Other Cash Transfers 48 The Social Fund for Development 48 Informal Safety Nets and Development Support Organizations 50 VI Economic Performance from 1990 to 1999 52 Growth and Employment 52 Inflation 60 Poverty and Social Indicators 62 Saving, Investment, and External Vulnerability 68 Annexes I Tourism Sector in Yemen: Problems and Prospects 73 II Summary of the Tax System as of end June 2000 77 References ® Statistical Appendix 82 Boxes IV 1. Reduction of Subsidies, 1995 99 33 2. The Aden Free Zone 38 3. The Yemeni Banking System 42 VI 4. Accounting for Growth in the Non Oil Sector 54 5. The Role of Qat in the Yemeni Economy 56 6. Provisions of Current Labor Legislation 59 Tables Section II 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 1990 99 6 2. Sensitivity to Oil Price Changes, 1990 99 10 3. Oil Related Volatility in the Economy, Compared with Other Oil Exporters in the Region 11 4. Balance of Payments, 1990 99 13 III 5. Central Government Finance, 1990 99 18 IV 6. Middle Eastern and North African Countries: Trade Restrictiveness Rating 30 7. Petroleum Products Prices Compared to World Market Levels (March 2000) 32 8. Adjustments in Administered Retail Prices, 1994—99 35 9. Distribution of Public Employees by Sector, 1998 35 10. Regional Comparison of Expenditures on Defense, Education, and Health, 1994 98 37 V 11. Social Fund for Development—Accumulated Investment, Disbursement, Number of Expected Beneficiaries, and Job Opportunities, up to September 30, 1999, According to Sector 50 VI 12. Macroeconomic Indicators Comparing Pre Reform and Reform Period, 1991 99 53 13. Distribution of Labor Force by Employment Status, Age Group (+10 Years), and Gender, 1994 58 14. Student Enrollment and Graduation from Colleges and Universities in 1998/99 60 15. Phasing of Macroeconomic Adjustment, 1990 99 69 16. Vulnerability Indicators 71 Annex I 17. Visitor Arrivals and Tourism Revenues 73 18. Average Tourism Statistics Since Unification 74 Statistical Appendix Al. Social and Demographic Indicators 1995 and 1997 82 A2. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 1994 99 83 A3. Sectoral Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices, 1994 99 84 A4. Use of Resources at Current Prices, 1994 99 85 A5. Sectoral Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Constant Prices, 1994 99 86 A6. Distribution of Employment (Age 15 Years and Over) by Economic Activity 87 D A7. Distribution of Employment (Age 10 Years and Over) by Sectors in Urban and Rural Areas, 1998 87 A8. Household Income and Expenditure, 1998 88 A9. Distribution of Population (10 Years and Over) by Education Level, Region, and Sex, 1994, 1998 88 A10. Crude Oil Summary, 1994 99 89 All. Oil Exploration Blocks Awarded in 1996 99 90 A12. Domestic Consumption of Petroleum Products, 1994 99 91 A13. Output of Industrial Products, 1994 99 92 A14. Production, Area, and Yield of Major Crops, 1994 99 93 A15. Noncrop Primary Production, 1994 99 94 A16. Consumer Price Index for Urban Areas, 1994 99 94 A17. Domestic Retail Prices for Petroleum Products and Electricity, 1995 2000 95 A18. Summary of Central Government Finance, 1994 99 96 A19. Composition of Central Government Revenues, 1994 99 98 A20. Composition of Central Government Expenditure, 1994 99 99 A21. Current and Capital Transfers to Public Enterprises, 1994 98 100 A22. Monetary Survey, 1994 99 101 A23. Factors Affecting Domestic Liquidity, 1994 99 102 A24. Balance Sheet of the Central Bank, 1994 99 103 A25. Balance Sheet of the Commercial Banks, 1994 99 104 A26. Interest Rates, 1994 99 106 A27. Distribution of Commercial Bank Credit to the Nongovernment Sector 107 A28. Commercial and Specialized Banks as of December 31, 1999 108 A29. Indicators of Banking System Financial Soundness, 1997 99 109 A30. Balance of Payments, 1994 99 110 A31. Composition of Exports and Re Exports, 1994 99 112 A32. Direction of Exports and Re Exports, 1994 99 113 A33. Composition of Imports, 1994 99 114 A34. Sources of Imports, 1994 99 115 A35. Enterprises Privatized/Liquidated, 1997 99 116 A36. Enterprises to be Privatized/Liquidated 117 A37. Social Fund for Development: Total Investment and Disbursement up to September 30, 1999 120 Figures Section II 1. Actual and Projected Crude Oil Production and Government Share 7 2. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Crude Oil Exports and Revenue 9 III 3. Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates 15 4. Government Revenue from Oil and Taxes 16 5. Customs Revenue 16 6. Fiscal Balance and Civil Service Wage Bill 17 7. Interest Rates 19 8. Government Non Oil Saving and National Wealth 25 IV 9. Nominal Rial Dollar Exchange Rates 27 10. Domestic Wholesale Prices of Petroleum Products 34 11. Credit and Currency Ratios 44 12. Money Velocities and Multipliers 44 13. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Liquidity and Credit Ratios 45 a 14. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Money Multipliers and Credit Indicators 45 VI 15. Composition of Real GDP 52 16. Inflation, Money Growth, and Budget Financing 61 17. Selected Commodity Price Indices 62 18. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Dependency Ratios 63 19. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Adult Illiteracy Rate 64 20. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Life Expectancy at Birth 65 21. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Infant Mortality Rate 66 22. Republic of Yemen and Selected Comparators: Access to Safe Water 67 23. Saving and Investment 70 Annex 24. Visitor Arrivals 73 The following symbols have been used throughout this paper: ... to indicate that data are not available; n.a. to indicate not applicable; — to indicate that the figure is zero or less than half the final digit shown, or that the item does not exist; between years or months (i.e., 1997 98 or January June) to indicate the years or months covered, including the beginning and ending years or months; / between years or months (i.e., 1997/98) to indicate a crop or fiscal (financial) year. Billion means a thousand million; trillion means a thousand billion. Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding. The term country, as used in this paper, does not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice; the term also covers some territorial entities that are not states, but for which statistical data are maintained and provided interna¬ tionally on a separate and independent basis. B
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geographic Yemen (Republic) Economic conditions
Yemen (Republic) Economic policy
Jemen (DE-588)4073009-8 gnd
geographic_facet Yemen (Republic) Economic conditions
Yemen (Republic) Economic policy
Jemen
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publishDate 2002
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spellingShingle Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform
Economische politiek gtt
Economische situatie gtt
Wirtschaft
Wirtschaftspolitik
Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd
Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd
Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4066399-1
(DE-588)4066438-7
(DE-588)4066493-4
(DE-588)4073009-8
title Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform
title_auth Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform
title_exact_search Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform
title_full Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform Klaus Enders ...
title_fullStr Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform Klaus Enders ...
title_full_unstemmed Yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform Klaus Enders ...
title_short Yemen in the 1990s
title_sort yemen in the 1990s from unification to economic reform
title_sub from unification to economic reform
topic Economische politiek gtt
Economische situatie gtt
Wirtschaft
Wirtschaftspolitik
Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd
Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd
Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd
topic_facet Economische politiek
Economische situatie
Wirtschaft
Wirtschaftspolitik
Wirtschaftsentwicklung
Yemen (Republic) Economic conditions
Yemen (Republic) Economic policy
Jemen
url http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009812765&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link (DE-604)BV002597241
work_keys_str_mv AT endersklaus yemeninthe1990sfromunificationtoeconomicreform