Molecular and cellular glycobiology
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| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford Univ. Press
2000
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Frontiers in molecular biology
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Molecular and cellular glycobiology |c ed. by Minoru Fukuda ... |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2000 | |
| 300 | |a XXI, 289 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Frontiers in molecular biology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Carbohydrates |x Metabolism |x Disorders | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Carbohydrates |x Physiological effect | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Carbohydrates |x physiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Glycoconjugates | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Glycoconjugates |x Physiological effect | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Glycolipids |x physiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Glycoproteins |x physiology | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-TUM_call_number | 1002/CHE 887f 10.2001 A 440 |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-TUM_katkey | 1233474 |
| DE-BY-TUM_media_number | 040004140390 |
| _version_ | 1816712115666288640 |
| adam_text | Contents
List of contributors xvii
Abbreviations xix
1. Cell surface carbohydrates: cell type specific
expression 1
MINORU FUKUDA
1. Introduction 1
2. Structure of IV glycans 4
2.1 Diversity of N glycans 5
2.2 Shared features of N glycans 8
2.3 Defects in N glycan biosynthesis 11
3. Cell type specific expression of N glycans 12
3.1 Poly N acetyllactosamines—glycans with N acetyllactosamine repeats 12
3.2 Cell type specific modification of poly N acetyllactosamines 17
3.3 Polysialic acid and HNK 1 glycans 20
4. O glycans 23
4.1 Mucin type O glycans—distribution and role 24
4.2 Mucin type glycoproteins in the plasma membrane: glycophorin A
and leukosialin 25
4.3 Structures of mucin type oligosaccharides: cell type specific expression 26
4.4 Changes in mucin type oligosaccharides in tumors and
immunodeficiency 28
4.5 Properties of core 2 and I branching pi,6 N acetylglucosaminyl
transferases 31
5. Roles of cell surface carbohydrates 33
5.1 Roles of cell surface carbohydrates in leukocytes 33
5.2 Roles of mucin type O glycans in cell adhesion 38
5.3 Poly N acetyllactosaminylation in tumor cells 41
6. Glycobiology—new frontiers in cell and molecular biology 44
Acknowledgements 47
References 47
2 Carbohydrate recognition in leukocyte endothelial
cell interactions 62
JONATHON W. HOMEISTER AND JOHN B. LOWE
1. Introduction 62
2. Oligosaccharides in lymphocyte homing 63
2.1 General aspects of lymphocyte homing 63
2.2 Lymphocyte PNHEV adhesive interactions are oligosaccharide
dependent 64
2.3 The MEL 14 homing receptor contains a carbohydrate
recognition domain 66
2.4 Functions of the domains of L selectin 68
2.5 GlyCAM 1 as an L selectin counter receptor 69
2.6 CD34 as an L selectin counter receptor 70
2.7 MAdCAM 1 as an L selectin counter receptor 71
2.8 Podocalyxin like protein (PCLP) as an L selectin counter receptor 71
2.9 Glycoconjugate structures that contribute to the adhesive activity of
HEV borne L selectin counter receptors 71
2.10 L selectin is required for normal lymphocyte homing; the L selectin
null mouse 74
2.11 L selectin expression and its function in neutrophil and monocyte
adhesion to vascular endothelium 74
2.12 Mechanisms for L selectin dependent neutrophil and monocyte
adhesion and recruitment 76
3. Oligosaccharide dependent cell adhesion mediated by E selectin 77
3.1 E selectin dependent adhesion of myeloid cells to activated
endothelium 77
3.2 Regulation of E selectin expression 77
3.3 E selectin contains a CRD similar to the L selectin CRD 78
3.4 Ligands for E selectin 81
4. Oligosaccharide dependent cell adhesion mediated by P selectin 88
4.1 Regulation of P selectin expression 88
4.2 P selectin includes a CRD and is structurally similar to L and
E selectins 89
4.3 P selectin dependent adhesion of myeloid cells to endothelium and
activated platelets 90
4.4 Glycan contributions to P selectin counter receptor activity 92
4.5 Ligands for P selectin—evidence for a protein component in addition
to sialylated, fucosylated oligosaccharides 93
4.6 P selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL 1) and its post translational
modifications 94
4.7 Ligands for P selectin—evidence that P selectin dependent cell
adhesion may also operate through sulfatides 96
5. The sequential, multi molecule model for leukocyte rolling, adhesion
and transmigration 97
Acknowledgements 99
References 99
3. Polysialic acid in neural cell development: roles,
regulation and mechanism 116
JUAN L. BRUSES AND URS RUTISHAUSER
1. Introduction 116
2. Biological roles of PS A 117
2.1 Cell migration 117
2.2 Axonal guidance 119
2.3 Synapse formation 120
2.4 Plasticity in the nervous system 121
3. Regulation of PSA expression 122
3.1 Biosynthesis of PSA on NCAM 123
3.2 Delivery of PSA NCAM to the cell membrane 125
3.3 Removal of PSA NCAM from the cell surface 125
4. Mechanisms of PSA action 125
4.1 Steric models 126
4.2 Local pH 127
4.3 Binding to PSA 127
5. Epilogue: the phylogeny of PSA NCAM 127
References 128
4. Diseases with deficiencies in asparagine linked
glycosylation 133
A. Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndromes 133
HARRY SCHACHTER
1. Introduction 133
2. Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type I 133
2.1 Clinical and pathological features of CDG I 135
2.2 Clinical biochemistry of CDG I 135
2.3 CDG la 138
2.4 CDG I with normal PMM activity 141
3. Complex N glycan synthesis within the Golgi apparatus 144
4. Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type II (CDG II) 145
4.1 Clinical features and clinical biochemistry of CDG II 145
4.2 The biochemical defect in CDG II 146
Acknowledgement 147
References 147
B. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II
(HEMPAS) 158
MICHIKO N. FUKUDA
1. Introduction 158
2. Incidence and symptoms of HEMPAS 158
3. Biochemical characteristics of HEMPAS 160
4. Genetic analysis of HEMPAS 162
5. An animal model of HEMPAS 163
6. Why does a glycosylation defect result in anemia? 163
7. Unsolved problems 164
Acknowledgements 165
References 165
5. Functions of carbohydrates revealed by transgenic
technology 169
PAMELA STANLEY
1. Introduction 169
2. The first mouse glycosylation mutants 169
3. Insights from transgenic mice that misexpress or overexpress a
glycosyltransf erase 171
3.1 Misexpression as a probe for function 171
3.2 Misexpression as a probe for substrates 173
3.3 Misexpression as a competitive force 174
4. Insights from mice with targeted gene mutations 175
4.1 Targeted mutations that cause embryonic lethality 175
4.2 Targeted mutations that identify compensatory molecules 178
4.3 Targeted mutations that have resolved specific hypotheses 178
4.4 Conditional targeted mutations 179
4.5 Identifying cell type specific defects in chimeras 180
4.6 Targeted mutations that reveal unsuspected phenotypes 181
5. Considerations for the next generation of mouse glycosylation mutants 183
5.1 Transgenic mice 183
5.2 Mice with a targeted mutation 184
6. Challenges for the new millenium 187
Acknowledgements 189
References 189
6. Functional significance of O GlcNAc glycoproteins
in the nucleus and cytoplasm 199
LISA K. KREPPEL AND GERALD W. HART
1. Introduction 199
2. Dynamic O GlcNAcylation of proteins 199
2.1 Sites of O GlcNAc attachment 200
2.2 O GlcNAc is a dynamic modification 201
3. Nuclear O GlcNAcylation 204
3.1 Transcription 204
3.2 Oncogenes and tumor suppressor proteins 205
3.3 Nuclear pore complex and nuclear transport 207
4. Cytoplasmic O GlcNAcylation 208
4.1 Cytoskeletal proteins 209
4.2 Protein synthesis 211
4.3 GTP binding protein function 212
5. Conclusion 213
References 214
7. Roles of sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids
in biological membranes 220
YOSHIO HIRABAYASHI AND SHINICHI ICHIKAWA
1. Introduction 220
2. General features of membrane sphingolipids 221
2.1 Chemical structure and distribution of sphingolipids 221
2.2 Localization of sphingolipids: sphingolipid domains as an information
base in biological membranes 222
2.3 Diverse functions of ceramide and its metabolites 225
3. Metabolism of complex sphingolipids 225
3.1 Biosynthesis of ceramide in endoplasmic reticulum membrane 225
3.2 Biosynthesis of GSLs in the Golgi membrane 227
3.3 Molecular cloning of other GSL glycosyltransferases 234
4. Roles of sphingolipids revealed by studies of mutant cells 234
4.1 SPB 1: CHO cells deficient in an entire group of sphingolipids 235
4.2 GM 95, a melanoma cell deficient in all GSLs 235
4.3 FUA169/F28 7 mouse mammary carcinoma cells with different degrees
of GM3 expression 236
4.4 Embryonic stem cells deficient in b series gangliosides 236
5. Studies of sphingolipid function at the whole animal level 237
5.1 GM2 synthase: GM3 and GD3 can compensate for depletion of complex
gangliosides 237
5.2 Galactosylceramide synthase: galactosylceramide is not involved in cell
differentiation but is an essential component of myelin 238
6. Conclusion 238
References 239
8. Carbohydrates in medicine 249
JOSEPH C. McAULIFFE AND OLE HINDSGAUL
1. Introduction 249
2. Why carbohydrates? 249
2.1 Carbohydrate based drugs 250
2.2 Carbohydrate modified drugs 253
2.3 Carbohydrates as drug delivery agents 254
3. Targets of carbohydrate therapeutics 255
3.1 Gastrointestinal receptors 255
3.2 Serum receptors 255
3.3 Cell surface receptors 256
3.4 Bacterial and viral receptors 256
3.5 Intracellular receptors 257
3.6 Extracellular matrix 257
4. Examples of carbohydrate based drugs 258
4.1 Antibiotics 258
4.2 Anti infective agents 259
4.3 Cancer 261
4.4 Diabetes 263
4.5 Inflammatory diseases 264
4.6 Inborn errors of metabolism 267
4.7 Polysaccharide vaccines 267
4.8 Anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapeutics 268
4.9 Immunomodulatory agents 268
4.10 Neurological diseases 269
5. Examples of carbohydrate modified drugs 271
5.1 Antibiotics 271
5.2 Cancer therapeutics 271
5.3 Analgesics 273
6. Examples of carbohydrates in drug delivery 273
6.1 Polysaccharides 273
6.2 Miscellaneous agents used in drug delivery 274
7. Conclusion 275
Acknowledgements 275
References 275
Index 281
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| id | DE-604.BV013283319 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-25T17:19:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0199638071 0199638063 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXI, 289 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
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| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Frontiers in molecular biology |
| spellingShingle | Molecular and cellular glycobiology Carbohydrates Metabolism Disorders Carbohydrates Physiological effect Carbohydrates physiology Glycoconjugates Glycoconjugates Physiological effect Glycolipids physiology Glycoproteins physiology Glykokonjugate (DE-588)4131221-1 gnd Biomembran (DE-588)4006884-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4131221-1 (DE-588)4006884-5 |
| title | Molecular and cellular glycobiology |
| title_auth | Molecular and cellular glycobiology |
| title_exact_search | Molecular and cellular glycobiology |
| title_full | Molecular and cellular glycobiology ed. by Minoru Fukuda ... |
| title_fullStr | Molecular and cellular glycobiology ed. by Minoru Fukuda ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular and cellular glycobiology ed. by Minoru Fukuda ... |
| title_short | Molecular and cellular glycobiology |
| title_sort | molecular and cellular glycobiology |
| topic | Carbohydrates Metabolism Disorders Carbohydrates Physiological effect Carbohydrates physiology Glycoconjugates Glycoconjugates Physiological effect Glycolipids physiology Glycoproteins physiology Glykokonjugate (DE-588)4131221-1 gnd Biomembran (DE-588)4006884-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Carbohydrates Metabolism Disorders Carbohydrates Physiological effect Carbohydrates physiology Glycoconjugates Glycoconjugates Physiological effect Glycolipids physiology Glycoproteins physiology Glykokonjugate Biomembran |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009055573&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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