Derivatives and internal models modern risk management

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1. Verfasser: Deutsch, Hans-Peter (VerfasserIn)
Format: Buch
Sprache:English
German
Veröffentlicht: Basingstoke [u.a.] Macmillan 1999
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text Contents List of Figures, Tables and Examples viii Foreword by Wolfgang M. Schmidt xiii Preface xv Acknowledgements xviii List of Abbreviations and Symbols xix 1 Introduction 1 2 Legal Background 5 3 The Basic Risks of the Market 9 3.1 Interest rates 9 3.2 Market prices 16 3.3 A model for the basic risks of the market 16 4 Financial Instruments: A Classification of Derivatives and Underlyings 27 4.1 Spot trading 28 4.2 Derivative securities 36 4.3 Options 39 5 Valuation Methods for Financial Instruments 42 5.1 Review of the prerequisites 42 5.2 Present values, yields and traditional risk measures 44 5.3 Arbitrage 59 5.4 Binomial methods: Cox, Ross and Rubinstein 66 5.5 Martingales and risk neutrality 73 v Contents 5.6 Exact analytical methods: Black Scholes 77 5.7 Black 76 for interest rate derivatives 83 5.8 Monte Carlo simulations 86 6 Hedging 100 6.1 Prerequisites 100 6.2 Synthetic derivatives and the Black Scholes differential equations 100 6.3 Greek risk management using sensitivities 109 7 Pricing and Hedging the Most Important Instruments 118 7.1 Spot transactions on interest rates 118 7.2 Forward rate agreements and interest rate futures 143 7.3 Plain vanilla options and futures 156 7.4 Index options and futures 161 7.5 Currency options and futures 162 7.6 Interest rate options 164 7.7 Exotic options 176 7.8 Structured instruments and stripping 195 8 Risk Management 218 8.1 From the volatility of a risk factor to the volatility of a portfolio 219 8.2 Value at risk, confidence level and liquidation period 221 8.3 The covariance matrix 226 8.4 Cash flow structures and interest rate risks 227 8.5 Interpolations and cash flow mapping 240 8.6 The variance covariance method 244 8.7 Monte Carlo simulation 252 8.8 Historical simulation 255 8.9 Crash and stress testing: worst case scenarios 258 vi Contents 8.10 The pros and cons of the common value at risk methods 259 8.11 Backtesting: a check of the applied method 260 8.12 Organizational implementation of risk management 266 9 The Determination of Market Parameters 280 9.1 Arbitrage free term structures of interest rates 280 9.2 Implied volatilities, smiles and volatility indices 293 9.3 Yields, volatility and correlation from historical rate movements 295 9.4 Conversion from yield to price volatility 297 9.5 Conversion of volatilities and correlations into another currency 298 9.6 Estimation of errors 305 10 Probability Theory and Statistics 313 10.1 Probability, expectation value and variance 313 10.2 Multivariate distributions, covariance, correlation and beta 314 10.3 Some important distributions 317 10.4 Transformations from one kind of distribution to another 322 10.5 Stochastic processes and Ito s Lemma 324 Glossary 326 Notes 349 Bibliography 357 Index 363 vii List of Figures, Tables and Examples FIGURES 3.1 The general discount factor for the time period from t to T 10 3.2 The sequence of times t, Tand T 12 3.3 The general discount factor for the forward rate agreed upon at time t for the period from T to V 13 3.4 A random walk consisting of 8 steps in 2 dimensions 17 3.5 The closing price of a stock over a period of 500 trading days 20 3.6 The distributions of Table 3.2 with ndt = 0 and a fdt = 1 25 4.1 Common money market securities 29 4.2 Common capital market securities 34 5.1 A recombining tree 70 5.2 The circle with 2m diameter within the square with 2m side length 88 5.3 Simulation of In [S(t)/S(0)] with standardized normal distributed random numbers 94 5.4 The same random walk as Figure 5.3 with yield 6% p.a. 94 7.1 The prices of bonds taken from Example 4 123 7.2 Reduction of the interest rate risk of a bond via a plain vanilla interest rate swap 128 7.3 The range of possible lines connecting two points with identical measurement errors, which lie either far apart or close to each other 189 7.4 Conversion of a structured bond by means of an asset swap 202 8.1 The limits between the 3 zones and the add on for the maximum number of outliers permitted as functions of n 265 10.1 2000 uniformly distributed and transformed random numbers 323 TABLES 3.1 Factors for interest calculation for the 4 most important compounding methods 11 viii List of Figures, Tables and Examples 3.2 Statistical properties of the logarithm of a risk factor and the risk factor itself 24 4.1 Public sector securities 31 4.2 Example of international money market instruments 33 4.3 Interest payment conventions in important bond markets 36 5.1 An overview of the different interest rates 51 5.2 Two portfolios exemplifying the use of arbitrage arguments for the derivation of prices 60 5.3 Lower and upper bounds for the value of plain vanilla options 63 5.4 Two portfolios exemplifying put call parity by means of arbitrage considerations 65 5.5 Put call parities for plain vanilla options 66 5.6 Significance of the terms appearing in Black Scholes equations 80 5.7 The recipe for Monte Carlo simulation 92 6.1 Sensitivities of derivatives and the underlying itself with respect to the spot price S(t) 108 6.2 Definition of Greek risk measures 110 7.1 Present value and sensitivities of a zero bond for the 4 compounding methods 119 7.2 Long short conventions for swaps and swaptions 128 7.3 Categorization and brute force valuation methods for exotic options 180 7.4 The parameter values to be inserted in (7.64) for the valuation of all knock out options 185 7.5 Stripped bonds and their issuers 197 7.6 The most common day count conventions 207 7.7 Adjustment conventions 208 8.1 The pros and cons of the common value at risk methods 259 8.2 The backtesting criteria and multipliers used for the review of internal models 265 8.3 Interest rate term structures for different credit qualities 269 8.4 Summary of the most significant market risks of common products 270 8.5 Common financial instruments and their linear sensitivities 272 EXAMPLES 1 Forward rates starting in 1 15 years for maturity periods between 1 and 15 years 15 2 The cash flow spreadsheet of a portfolio 49 3 Prices and risk measures for a sample call option using (5.43) 112 ix List of Figures, Tables and Examples 4 Valuing of bonds using spot rates and par rates assuming annual coupon payments and discrete compounding 124 5 The sensitivities of the coupon bonds from Example 4 127 6 The cash flow table of a swap 130 7 The coupon bond replicating the cash flow structure of an annuity loan with semi annualized discrete compounding 136 8 The cash flow table of the annuity loan in Example 7 139 9 Forward swap fixed with a 12 month floating reference rate in 3 years for 10 years 152 10 The forward par swap corresponding to Example 9 153 11 The input parameters of the options and futures examples 156 12 Calculation of plain vanilla spot and future options using the Black Scholes model 158 13 Valuation of European plain vanilla options using the binomial distribution with n = 100 time steps 159 14 Calculation of the futures price 5 of an American option C on the spot price S, and of an American option C on the futures price 160 15 Caplets and floorlets as options on zero bonds 169 16 Interest rate options with a 12 month floating reference rate 172 17 Valuation of swaptions 175 18 Swaptions as options on coupon bonds 175 19 Basic features of a Bundesanleihe: 1 197 20 Cash flows of a Bundesanleihe 197 21 Basic features of a coupon strip 198 22 Cash flows of a coupon strip 199 23 Basic features of a LIBOR strip 199 24 Cash flows of a LIBOR strip 200 25 Basic features of a step up callable bond 202 26 Cash flows of the step up bond in case the bond is not called 203 27 Example of the basic features of a step up callable bond 204 28 Basic features, valuation and risk measures of a step up callable bond 206 29 Time calculation using different day count conventions 208 30 Business day convention: 1 209 31 Business day convention: 2 210 32 Business day convention: 3 211 33 Business day convention: 4 211 34 Basic features of a Bundesanleihe: 2 213 35 Adjustment of payment date 214 36 Adjustment for bonds without a fix convention 215 37 Maturity date as basis of rollover day 216 38 Explicit arrangement of rollover day 216 39 The value at risk of a portfolio 249 40 Sensitivities of a sample portfolio of interest rate instruments 274 x List of Figures, Tables and Examples 41 Price of an interest rate instrument depending on the yield scenario 276 42 Calculation of the spot rate for maturity up to 30.06.2002 using the closed form solution and the bootstrap method 284 43 Day count and business day conventions used in discount factors examples 287 44 Money market rates 287 45 Swap rates 287 46 Discount factors from the money market rates 288 47 Discount factors, 2 4 years 290 48 Discount factors, 5 7 years 290 49 Discount factors, 8 10 years 291 50 Fully stripped par yield curve resulting in the spot rate curve 292 51 The method of exponential interpolation 293 52 The risk factors of the example portfolio 300 53 Conversion of exchange rate and risk factor volatilities and correlations from the original domestic currencies to DEM and USD 304 54 Estimation of yield, volatility and their errors from semi annual relative price changes x 310 xi
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spellingShingle Deutsch, Hans-Peter
Derivatives and internal models modern risk management
Hedging gtt
Risk management gtt
Termijnhandel gtt
Derivative securities
Risk management
CD-ROM (DE-588)4139307-7 gnd
Derivat Wertpapier (DE-588)4381572-8 gnd
Hedging (DE-588)4123357-8 gnd
Finanzinstrument (DE-588)4461672-7 gnd
Risikomanagement (DE-588)4121590-4 gnd
Bewertung (DE-588)4006340-9 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4139307-7
(DE-588)4381572-8
(DE-588)4123357-8
(DE-588)4461672-7
(DE-588)4121590-4
(DE-588)4006340-9
title Derivatives and internal models modern risk management
title_auth Derivatives and internal models modern risk management
title_exact_search Derivatives and internal models modern risk management
title_full Derivatives and internal models modern risk management Hans-Peter Deutsch and Roland Eller
title_fullStr Derivatives and internal models modern risk management Hans-Peter Deutsch and Roland Eller
title_full_unstemmed Derivatives and internal models modern risk management Hans-Peter Deutsch and Roland Eller
title_short Derivatives and internal models
title_sort derivatives and internal models modern risk management
title_sub modern risk management
topic Hedging gtt
Risk management gtt
Termijnhandel gtt
Derivative securities
Risk management
CD-ROM (DE-588)4139307-7 gnd
Derivat Wertpapier (DE-588)4381572-8 gnd
Hedging (DE-588)4123357-8 gnd
Finanzinstrument (DE-588)4461672-7 gnd
Risikomanagement (DE-588)4121590-4 gnd
Bewertung (DE-588)4006340-9 gnd
topic_facet Hedging
Risk management
Termijnhandel
Derivative securities
CD-ROM
Derivat Wertpapier
Finanzinstrument
Risikomanagement
Bewertung
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