Fast scan and echo planar MR imaging
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| Format: | Buch |
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| Sprache: | English |
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Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1999
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| Schriftenreihe: | Neuroimaging clinics of North America
9,2 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fast scan and echo planar MR imaging |c Joseph E. Heiserman, guest ed. |
| 264 | 1 | |a Philadelphia [u.a.] |b Saunders |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a XIII S., S. 227 - 399 |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS
Preface xiii
Joseph E. Heiserman
Fast Scan and Echo Planar MR Imaging Technology 227
Peter B. Roemer and Xiaole Hong
The development of imaging technology for acquiring ever faster images
has been an ongoing activity since the early years of MR imaging devel¬
opment. This article gives the reader a sense of the range of technical chal¬
lenges faced by the developers of faster imaging hardware and some of their
solutions. Before reviewing the technical issues, however, the authors briefly
discuss the marketplace realities that have led to technology decisions and,
to a certain extent, the prolonged pace of development of the hardware.
Fast(er) MR Imaging 243
Paul J. Keller
The author reviews the methods used for rapid MR scanning, including
gradient echo, fast spin echo, and planar sequences. Each of these ap¬
proaches can be understood by evaluation of the relationship of the fun¬
damental MR parameters such as Tl and T2 values to operator selected
variables such as TR, TE, and flip angles. Strategies for phase view acqui¬
sition and the application of high performance gradients are discussed.
MR Angiography: Toward Faster and More Accurate Methods 253
Joseph E. Heiserman
MR angiography is a class of methods developed to noninvasively evaluate
vascular structures. After first reviewing the different approaches and com¬
paring strengths and weaknesses, new methods to improve the quality or
speed of acquisition of these important sequences are examined.
i . . ——
NEUROIMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
VOLUME 9 • NUMBER 2 • MAY 1999 ix
Contrast Enhanced Carotid MR Angiography: Imaging Principles
and Physics 263
Thomas K.F. Foo, Vincent B. Ho, and Peter L. Choyke
Arterial contrast enhancement on MR angiography images is dependent on
the adequate timing of the contrast bolus arrival to the acquisition of the
center of k space. Different strategies for achieving this goal are described.
The more advanced techniques are aimed at making the detection of the
peak arrival and the start of data acquisition more robust in order to gen¬
erate images with maximal arterial background contrast with minimal ve¬
nous signal contamination.
The Clinical Applications of Functional MR Imaging 285
Victor M. Haughton, Patrick A. Turski, Beth Meyerand, Gary Wendt,
Chad H. Moritz, and John Ulmer
Functional MR imaging, similar to positron emission tomography, shows
the regions in which cerebral blood flow changes as neurons are active in
the performance of cognitive tasks. Blood flow increases (activation) exceed
that needed to supply oxygen for the increased metabolic needs for the
increased neuronal activity. Therefore, in regions with activation, the deoxy
hemoglobin concentration in the capillary blood decreases below levels
found in the brain where neurons are not active.
Applications of Functional MR Imaging to Research in Psychiatry 295
Deborah A. Yurgelun Todd and Perry F. Renshaw
Functional MR (fMR) imaging techniques have revolutionized the study of
psychiatric illness; however, the clinical utility of fMR imaging studies for
these disorders is limited. This article addresses the research applications of
fMR imaging to the study of psychiatric disorders. The four psychiatric dis¬
orders covered in detail include schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive dis¬
order, Alzheimer s dementia, and substance abuse. Research findings and
implications for future study are discussed with reference to both clinical
and technological limitations.
Clinical Applications of Intracranial Perfusion MR Imaging 309
Michael H. Lev and Bruce R. Rosen
Dynamic susceptibility MR perfusion imaging of the brain offers clinically
relevant physiological data not obtainable by conventional MR imaging. As
new treatments continue to be developed for stroke, neoplasm, dementia,
psychiatric illness, headache, and trauma, the potential clinical applications
of perfusion MR imaging in the diagnosis, triage, and therapeutic monitor¬
ing of these diseases will increase. MR perfusion techniques are likely to be
at least as sensitive and specific as radionuclide based techniques, and offer
the added advantage of higher intrinsic resolution, convenient coregistra
tion with conventional MR imaging, as well as, time and cost effective im¬
aging in patients for whom a routine MR imaging is obtained.
Quantitative Perfusion Imaging Using Arterial Spin Labeling 333
Eric C. Wong, Richard B. Buxton, and Lawrence R. Frank
Arterial spine labeling (ASL) techniques have matured to the point that they
can provide robust quantitative multislice measurements of cerebral blood
flow (CBF) under most circumstances. These techniques provide better spa
x CONTENTS
tial and temporal resolution than positron emission tomography (PET) and
are entirely noninvasive, requiring no injections or radiation. The most ob¬
vious clinical application is in the evaluation of acute stroke, in which the
primary pathology is a lack of CBF, precisely the quantity that is measured
directly by ASL. The one major technical challenge that currently prevents
more general application in the brain is the sensitivity to abnormally long
transit delays.
Diffusion MR Imaging: Theory and Applications 343
Howard A. Rowley, P. Ellen Grant, and Timothy P.L. Roberts
Diffusion MR imaging provides a novel way to characterize tissues based
on sensitivity to the microscope molecular motion of water. Clinical imple¬
mentation requires strong, fast hardware and careful post processing of dif¬
fusion parameters. It is important to recognize that diffusion images and
derivatives such as the trace of the diffusion tensor are quite specific in
reflecting the physical properties of diffusion, but are non specific for pa¬
thology. Restricted diffusion is the earliest clinically detectable sign of is¬
chemia, but similar diffusion changes can be seen with infection and some
tumors. Diffusion MR techniques are providing new ways to study prob¬
lems in oncology, epilepsy, white matter disorders, and infectious diseases,
both for research and clinical applications.
Physiologic Effects of Intense MR Imaging Gradient Fields 363
Joe D. Bourland, John A. Nyenhuis, and Daniel J. Schaefer
The strength duration relationship for peripheral nerve stimulation by MR
imaging pulsed gradient magnetic fields was measured in 84 human sub¬
jects. The data were fitted to the hyperbolic strength duration relationship:
dB/dt (1 + c/d), where b is rheobase, c is chronaxie, and d is duration, and
dB/dt is reported as the maximal value on the axis of the bore. For sensation
threshold, average (b,c) (15 T/s, 0.37 ms) for the y gradient and (26 T/s,
0.38 ms) for the z gradient coil. The dB/dt intensity to induce a sensation
which the subject described as uncomfortable was about 50% above the
sensation threshold. Experiments with dogs showed that the cardiac stimu¬
lation by pulsed magnetic gradient fields is exceedingly unlikely.
Proton MR Spectroscopy of the Brain 379
Scott D. Rand, Robert Prost, and Shi Jiang Li
Over the past five decades, MR spectroscopy has evolved from an analytical
chemistry tool to a noninvasive clinical examination on FDA approved
equipment with an AMA billing code. While proton MR spectroscopy has
dominated current clinical studies, interest in other nucleii has arisen, par¬
ticularly P 31 for the evaluation of membrane lipids, and C 13 for the eval¬
uation of glutamate neurotransmission and excitotoxicity. Currently, the
most common neuroradiological diagnostic indication is the differentation
of suspected cerebral neoplasms for post treatment effects, abcesses, sub
acute infarcts, demyelinating disease, and other non neoplastic processes.
Recent recommendations for monitoring multiple sclerosis treatment sug¬
gest an increasing role for MR spectroscopy in the future.
Index 397
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CONTENTS xi
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| physical | XIII S., S. 227 - 399 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
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| series | Neuroimaging clinics of North America |
| series2 | Neuroimaging clinics of North America |
| spelling | Fast scan and echo planar MR imaging Joseph E. Heiserman, guest ed. Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 1999 XIII S., S. 227 - 399 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Neuroimaging clinics of North America 9,2 Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 s DE-604 Heiserman, Joseph E. Sonstige oth Neuroimaging clinics of North America 9,2 (DE-604)BV005541362 9,2 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008675734&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fast scan and echo planar MR imaging Neuroimaging clinics of North America Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4120806-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Fast scan and echo planar MR imaging |
| title_auth | Fast scan and echo planar MR imaging |
| title_exact_search | Fast scan and echo planar MR imaging |
| title_full | Fast scan and echo planar MR imaging Joseph E. Heiserman, guest ed. |
| title_fullStr | Fast scan and echo planar MR imaging Joseph E. Heiserman, guest ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fast scan and echo planar MR imaging Joseph E. Heiserman, guest ed. |
| title_short | Fast scan and echo planar MR imaging |
| title_sort | fast scan and echo planar mr imaging |
| topic | Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kernspintomografie Aufsatzsammlung |
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