Adjustment, employment & missing institutions in Africa the experience in Eastern & Southern Africa
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| Format: | Buch |
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| Sprache: | English |
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Internat. Labour Office [u.a.]
1999
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Adjustment, employment & missing institutions in Africa |b the experience in Eastern & Southern Africa |c ed. by Willem van der Geest ... |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Geneva |b Internat. Labour Office [u.a.] |c 1999 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819711412495187968 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
vii
LIST OF FIGURES TABLES
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
FOREWORD
xii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I
The Need for an Institutional Approach
to Structural Adjustment in Africa
i Introduction
Overview
WILLEM VAN DER GEEST ROLPH VAN DER HOEVEN
4
An overview of the country studies
O Africa s Adjusted Labour Markets:
Can Institutions Perform?
ROLPH VAN DER HOEVEN WILLEM VAN DER GEEST
9
Introduction 9
The changing nature of adjustment programmes
Stabilization and adjustment policies, employment and poverty: ^
Some general considerations ^4
Adjustment, economic growth and employment
Adjustment and employment changes in selected Eastern and ^
Southern African countries: Overviews and lessons 23
The need for labour institutions for adjustment policy reform
Appendix 2.1: Adjustment experiences in selected Eastern and Southern ^
countries: Some illustrative tables
A REVIEW
O Adjustment, Employment
Labour Market Institutions
in Sub Saharan Africa
WILLEM VAN DER GEEST GANESHAN WIGNARA)A
Introduction 33
Adjustment and employment: Some recent research findings 35
Key characteristics of sub Saharan Africa s labour markets 4Q
Adjustment and the changing structure of employment 46
The changing terms of employment in sub Saharan Africa 54
Tripartite consultation and the role of trade unions and employers ^
Consultations about development and labour markets 65
Conclusion
vi Contents
II
Adjustment, Employment
Labour Market Institutions 71
COUNTRY EXAMPLES
4 Kenya
GERRISHON K. IKIARA NJUCUNA S. NDUNC U
Introduction 73
An overview of structural adjustment programmes in Kenya:
Objectives and targets 74
Impact of adjustment on the labour market 88
Changes in employment policies and practices during adjustment 102
Responses of labour market institutions during adjustment 106
Conclusions and recommendations 114
5 Uganda
CERMINA SSEMOCERERE
Introduction 119
The objectives, strategy and conditionality of the SAP 123
The impact of adjustment on the labour market 128
The public response by social partners and political interest groups 147
6 Zambia
VENKATESH SESHAMANI EPHRAIM KAUNCA
Introduction 155
Objectives and targets of the structural adjustment programmes 155
SAPs during 1989 95 158
Public responses to the SAP 167
The impact of adjustment on the labour market 175
Changes in employment policies and practices during adjustment 184
Responses by labour market institutions during adjustment 188
Conclusions and recommendations 192
Appendix 6.1: Industry case studies of labour market impact 196
Appendix 6.2: Overview of major laws relevant to employment and
economic restructuring 205
7 Zimbabwe
GODFREY KAYENZE
Introduction 207
Review of the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme, 1991 5 207
Adjustment and the labour market: The orthodox adjustment framework 215
Why ESAP failed to deliver 224
Is labour market flexibility a good thing? 227
Conclusions 228
Appendix 7.1: Beyond ESAP: ZCTU recommendations on labour market policies 231
List of Figures Tables vii
8 Malawi
EPHRAIM CHIRWA WYCLIFFE CH1LOWA
237
Introduction 238
Background to structural adjustment programmes ^
Structural adjustment programmes in Malawi ^
Economic impact of structural adjustment
Labour market and social impacts of structural adjustment
Malawi s experience with structural adjustment: Problems and constraints
271
INDEX
LIST OF FIGURES TABLES
Box 25
2.1 A taxonomy of labour institutions
3.1 IeS Population and labour force, sub Saharan Africa, 1980 2025 g,,
4.1 Formal wage employment, Kenya, 1972 96 247
8.1 Price stability and inflation, Malawi, 1970 94 251
8.2 Imports and exports as a ratio of GDP, Malawi, W70 95 254
8.3 Manufacturing/agricultural wage ratio, Malawi, 1971 9U
Appendix figures 268
A8.1 Growth in real per capita GDP, Malawi, 1971 95 269
A8.2 Real consumption per capita, Malawi, 1970 95 269
A8.3 Gross domestic investment, Malawi, 1970 95 270
A8.4 Trade deficit as ratio of GDP, Malawi, 1970 95 270
A8.5 Real wage developments, Malawi, 1971 90
If Disbursement for adjustment lending as a P^.^^^^S JSion
2.2 Minimum rates of GDP growth needed to prevent rising numbers ot poor u vr ^
growth scenarios . , , . . _ moHinm tprml ^
2.3 Output employment relationships during adjustment (short to medium term) Jg
2.4 Timing and intensity of implementation of policy ref°™s f 19
2.5 Macroeconomic indicators during implementation^adjustment policy retorms ^
2.6 Public sector employment under adjustment, 1980 % CTnwth in the 1980s 38
3.1 Total factor productivity growth and manufacturingjvahK addec[f^^ml_9l 42
3.2 Median industrial and export growth ,n sub Sah » ^ ££££ o, Tanzania and Zimbabwe,
3.3 Enterprise training under adjustment in Kenya, the United Repuu ^
3.5 Enterprise training and labour turnover, Zimbabwe, 1991 and 1996 ^
3.6 Summary of issues, indicators and emerging policy questions 78
4.1 Fiscal deficit/GDP ratio, Kenya, 1972 94 iQ«7/a_i 095/6 m
4.2 Percentage distribution of goods by tariff band Kenya 1987/8 1995/6 „,
4.3 Average and weighted tariff rates, Kenya, 1987/8 1994/3 89
4.4 Shares in total employment, Kenya, 1972 94 90
4.5 Formal sector employment growth, Kenya, 1972 94 „„.,. ,m^ 91
4.6 Sectoral comparisons of employment growth, Kenya WMOto 1991 1 „
4.7 Average annual employment growth, Kenya, 1972 8CI to 1991 4 93
4.8 Gender distribution of employment by major sector, Kenya, 19K^V4 94
4.9 Total employment growth, Kenya (estimation results) 95
4.10 Total formal sector employment, Kenya (estimation results) 95
4.11 Private sector employment, Kenya (estimation results) 96
4.12 Public sector employment, Kenya (estimation results) 96
4.13 Informal sector employment growth, Kenya (estimation results) 97
4.14 Average annual earnings growth, Kenya, 1972 «0 to 1991 1 97
4.15 Earnings growth, Kenya, 1990 1 to 1993 4 98
4.16 Inter sectoral relative wage rates, Kenya, 1972 94 99
4.17 Real consumption wages, Kenya, 1972 94 99
4.18 Macro level prices, Kenya, 1988 94 99
4.19 Real minimum wages, Kenya, 1982 94 99
4.20 Real product wages, Kenya, 1972 95 to 1991 1 100
4.21 Formal sector nominal wage growth, Kenya (estimahonresus 10,
4.22 Private sector nominal wage growth, Kenya (estimation results) 101
4.23 Public sector nominal wage growth, Kenya (estimation results)
viii List of Figures Tables
4.24 Industrial strikes, Kenya, 1980 94 105
4.25 Summary of responses to selected reform measures in Kenya by various institutions 116
5.1 Stabilization and structural adjustment performance indicators, Uganda, 1970 94 125
5.2 Level of employment by employment status and sex, Uganda, 1992 129
5.3 Employment by sector, Uganda, 1963 92 129
5.4 Socioeconomic characteristics of Ugandan farms 131
5.5 Income sources in Uganda 131
5.6 Major sources of household agricultural income in Uganda 132
5.7 Share of producer in world price for traditional export crops, Uganda 132
5.8 Final market price of each local market participant, Uganda 133
5.9 Farmer s share in world price of non traditional exports, Uganda 133
5.10 Marketable surplus of food crops, Uganda 134
5.11 Gender roles in decision making, Uganda 135
5.12 Real rural wage rate, Uganda, December 1987 to May 1993 136
5.13 Public sector employment under adjustment, Uganda, 1982 95 140
5.14 Number of establishments, average number of employees per establishment and real annual wage
bill, Uganda, 1985 94 144
6.1 Zambia s policy regimes, 1982 96 155
6.2 Budget tariff adjustment by category, Zambia, 1996 164
6.3 Main concerns and recommendations of social groups, Zambia 174
6.4 Formal sector employment by sector of economic activity, Zambia, 1989 94 176
6.5 Formal sector employment, Zambia: Government, parastatal and private, 1989 94 177
6.6 Formal sector employment and registered redundancies, Zambia, 1989 94 178
6.7 Percentage of workers with secondary jobs by occupation in main job and by sex, Zambia, 1991 179
6.8 Percentage of workers with secondary jobs by employment status in main job and by sex, Zambia,
1991 179
6.9 Composition of the labour force, Zambia, 1986 and 1991 180
6.10 Employment distribution by sector and sex, Zambia, 1992 4 180
6.11 Nominal and real average monthly earnings, Zambia, December 1991 to June 1994 182
6.12 Quarterly earnings by sector, Zambia, December 1991 to June 1994 182
6.13 Earnings by sex in the parastatal and private sectors, Zambia, June 1991 to March 1993 183
6.14 Monthly remuneration, Zambia: Management and non management 184
6.15 Strikes by sector of economic activity, Zambia, 1990 94 187
6.16 Size of public sector employment, Zambia, 1989 94 190
7.1 Civil service reform, Zimbabwe 213
7.2 Trends in relative prices of tradeable and non tradeable goods, Zimbabwe, 1981 94 218
7.3 Trends in real product earnings, Zimbabwe, 1981 94 218
7.4 Trends in average real consumption earnings, Zimbabwe, 1980 94 220
7.5 Real GDP growth for tradeable and non tradeable goods sectors, Zimbabwe, 1981 94 220
7.6 Trends in real labour productivity before and during economic reforms, Zimbabwe, 1981 94 221
7.7 Trends in rates of employment growth before and during economic reforms, Zimbabwe, 1981 94 222
7.8 Economic performance before and during ESAP, Zimbabwe, 1980 95 225
8.1 Distribution and growth of GDP by sector of origin, Malawi, 1973 94 246
8.2 Investment in manufacturing production by industrial sector, Malawi, 1973 9 to 1980 8 249
8.3 Value of visible trade balance, Malawi, 1970 94 250
8.4 Composition of imports by end use sub sector, Malawi, 1970 89 252
8.5 Composition of exports by main commodity, Malawi, 1970 94 252
8.6 Composition and growth of formal employment by sector of economic activity, Malawi, 1971 90 253
8.7 Average monthly earnings and minimum wages by sector of economic activity, Malawi, 1971 9 and
1980 90 254
Appendix tables
A2.1 Gross domestic investment, 1987 96 29
A2.2 Gross domestic savings, 1987 96 29
A2.3 Current account balance, excluding net capital grants/GDP, 1987 96 29
A2.4 Overall government deficit or surplus (including grants), 1987 96 29
A2.5 Annual GDP growth, 1987 96 29
A2.6 Exports of goods and services, 1987 96 30
A2.7 Foreign direct investment, net inflows, 1987 96 30
A2.8 Share of employment in tradeables, 1975 80 to 1988 92 30
A2.9 Manufacturing employment, 1987 96 30
A2.10 Real wages in manufacturing, 1987 96 30
A2.11 Real minimum wage index, 1987 94 30
A2.12 Cross primary school enrolment, 1987 95 31
A2.13 Gross secondary school enrolment, 1987 95 31
A2.14 Government expenditure on education, per capita in constant prices, 1987 95 31
A2.15 Government expenditure on health, per capita in constant prices, 1987 93 31
A2.16 Terms of trade index, 1987 96 31
A2.17 Total debt service, 1987 96 31
A2.18 Total external debt/GNP, 1987 95 32
A2.19 Multilateral debt/total external debt, 1987 95 32
A6.1 Employment and profitability, Zambia, 1989 94 197
A6.2 Percentage labour force decline: Monarch Zambia Ltd., 1989 94 199
A8.1 Structural adjustment loans and sectoral credit, Malawi 264
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| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Afrika fes Kenia fes Malawi fes Sambia fes Simbabwe fes Uganda fes Africa, Eastern Economic conditions Africa, Eastern Economic policy Africa, Southern Economic conditions Africa, Southern Economic policy Subsaharisches Afrika (DE-588)4053770-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Afrika Kenia Malawi Sambia Simbabwe Uganda Africa, Eastern Economic conditions Africa, Eastern Economic policy Africa, Southern Economic conditions Africa, Southern Economic policy Subsaharisches Afrika |
| id | DE-604.BV012741650 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T15:10:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0852551622 0852551614 9221108589 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008664387 |
| oclc_num | 42906868 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-N2 DE-188 DE-Bo133 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-N2 DE-188 DE-Bo133 |
| physical | X, 276 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | Internat. Labour Office [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Adjustment, employment & missing institutions in Africa the experience in Eastern & Southern Africa Beleidsimplementatie gtt Instituties gtt Werkgelegenheidsbeleid gtt Arbeitsmarkt fes Arbeitsmarktpolitik fes Strukturwandel fes Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Labor economics Africa, Eastern Labor economics Africa, Southern Labor market Africa, Eastern Labor market Africa, Southern Strukturanpassung (DE-588)4294243-3 gnd Arbeitsmarkt (DE-588)4002733-8 gnd Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4294243-3 (DE-588)4002733-8 (DE-588)4005982-0 (DE-588)4053770-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Adjustment, employment & missing institutions in Africa the experience in Eastern & Southern Africa |
| title_auth | Adjustment, employment & missing institutions in Africa the experience in Eastern & Southern Africa |
| title_exact_search | Adjustment, employment & missing institutions in Africa the experience in Eastern & Southern Africa |
| title_full | Adjustment, employment & missing institutions in Africa the experience in Eastern & Southern Africa ed. by Willem van der Geest ... |
| title_fullStr | Adjustment, employment & missing institutions in Africa the experience in Eastern & Southern Africa ed. by Willem van der Geest ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adjustment, employment & missing institutions in Africa the experience in Eastern & Southern Africa ed. by Willem van der Geest ... |
| title_short | Adjustment, employment & missing institutions in Africa |
| title_sort | adjustment employment missing institutions in africa the experience in eastern southern africa |
| title_sub | the experience in Eastern & Southern Africa |
| topic | Beleidsimplementatie gtt Instituties gtt Werkgelegenheidsbeleid gtt Arbeitsmarkt fes Arbeitsmarktpolitik fes Strukturwandel fes Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Labor economics Africa, Eastern Labor economics Africa, Southern Labor market Africa, Eastern Labor market Africa, Southern Strukturanpassung (DE-588)4294243-3 gnd Arbeitsmarkt (DE-588)4002733-8 gnd Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Beleidsimplementatie Instituties Werkgelegenheidsbeleid Arbeitsmarkt Arbeitsmarktpolitik Strukturwandel Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Labor economics Africa, Eastern Labor economics Africa, Southern Labor market Africa, Eastern Labor market Africa, Southern Strukturanpassung Beschäftigungspolitik Afrika Kenia Malawi Sambia Simbabwe Uganda Africa, Eastern Economic conditions Africa, Eastern Economic policy Africa, Southern Economic conditions Africa, Southern Economic policy Subsaharisches Afrika Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008664387&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT geestwillemvander adjustmentemploymentmissinginstitutionsinafricatheexperienceineasternsouthernafrica |