Urban water demand management and planning
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
McGraw-Hill
1998
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| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
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| 001 | BV012245036 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20170322 | ||
| 007 | t| | ||
| 008 | 981104s1998 xx d||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
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| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV012245036 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakddb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
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| 050 | 0 | |a TD353 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 333.91/2 |2 21 | |
| 084 | |a WK 6800 |0 (DE-625)149290: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Baumann, Duane D. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Urban water demand management and planning |c Duane D. Baumann ; John J. Boland ; W. Michael Hanemann |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b McGraw-Hill |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 350 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Municipal water supply |x Management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Water conservation | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Boland, John J. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hanemann, W. Michael |d 1944- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)13584231X |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HEBIS Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008296350&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008296350 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819581764220223488 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 The Case For Managing Urban Water 1
The Urban Water Industry 1
The Evolution of Urban Water Use 2
The Economic Importance of the Urban Water Industry 4
Historical Emphasis on Supply Alternatives 6
Water Conservation: Renewed Prominence in the 1980s 7
What Is Conservation? 9
Measurement of Conservation Effectiveness 17
Integrating Demand and Supply Alternatives 18
Purpose of Volume 20
Water Management Myths 21
Water Is a Necessity 21
The Myth of Per Capita Use 22
Water Users Do Not Respond to Price 27
The Myth of Excessive Irrigation of Urban Landscapes 27
Conservation Will Lead to Negative Fiscal Impacts on
the Water Supply Agency 28
2 Determinants of Urban Water Use 31
Industrial Water Use 33
Economic Theory of Demand for Water as an Input 34
Implications for Empirical Modeling of Industrial Water Use 47
vi
Contents
Residential Water Use 52
Economic Theory of Consumer Demand for Water 56
Empirical Estimates of M amp;I Demand Elasticities 65
3 Forecasting Urban Water Use: Theory and Principles 77
Need for Water Use Forecasts 77
Long-Range Planning 78
Supply Adequacy Evaluation 79
Short-Range Planning 80
Financial Planning 80
Criteria for Selecting a Forecast Method 81
Principles of Forecasting 81
Distinction Between the Forecast and the Method 82
Selection Criteria 82
Correlates of Accuracy in Water Use Forecasts 83
Evaluation of Water Use Forecast Methods 84
Time Extrapolation 85
Bivariate Models 85
Multivariate Models 87
Uncertainty in Forecasts 89
“Safety Factors” 89
Scenario Approaches 90
Sensitivity Analysis 91
Contingency Trees 91
Forecast Bounds 92
Forecasting Under Uncertainty 92
Base Forecasts 92
Expressing Uncertainty 93
Interpretation of Results 93
4 Forecasting Urban Water Use: Models and
Applications 95
IWR-MAIN Water Demand Analysis Software 95
Background 95
Forecasting Methods 99
Conservation Savings Methods 103
Benefit/Cost Analysis Methods 106
Summary 108
Water Requirements Modeling with the Installation Water
Resources Analysis and Planning System (IWRAPS©) 108
Building Types and Sizes 111
Construction and Demolition 112
Seasonality 112
Climate 113
Installation Mission 113
Installation and Fixed Effects 114
Conservation and Mobilization 115
Water-Requirement Algorithms 115
Contents vii
Sectoral Allocation 120
Conservation Algorithm 122
Forecast Procedures 123
5 Price and Rate Structures 137
Components of a Water Rate Structure 137
Criteria for Designing Water Rates 139
Criteria for Revenue Generation 139
Criteria for Cost Allocation 140
Criteria for Providing Incentives 140
Applying the Criteria in Practice 141
Water Supply Costs and Complexities 143
Marginal Cost Pricing 148
The Economic Argument for Marginal Cost Pricing 149
Seasonal Rates 158
Increasing Block Rates 165
6 Forms and Functions of Water Pricing: An Overview 181
What Is the Price of Water? 181
Types of Decisions Affected by Water Price 182
The Conflicting Roles of Water Price 183
Pricing and Water Quality 185
Pricing and Water Supply Reliability 186
Conclusions 187
7 Phoenix Changes Water Rates from Increasing
Blocks to Uniform Price 191
Information About the Phoenix Water System 192
Genesis of Interest in Changing Water Rate Structures 192
The Previous Water Rate Structure 194
Study of Alternative Water Rate Structures 195
The Current Water Rate Structure 200
Impacts of Current Rate Structure on Customer Classes
and Selected Customers 201
Summary of Current Rate Structure Benefits 201
An Attempt to Change the Water Rate Structure Again 202
Concerns with the Current Rate Structure 203
Customers Below Lifeline Cannot Impact Bill by Conserving 203
Customers with Nonseasonal Demand Experience
Lower Summer Bills 203
The Effectiveness of the Current Lifeline in Assisting
Low-Income Customers 204
The Negative Impact of the Lifeline on Large Water Use
Customers
205
viii
Contents
Water Services Department Concerns and Recommendations 206
Cost-of-Service Update 206
Equal Lifeline in All Months or Seasons 206
Meter Maintenance Costs in the Volume Charge
(Equal Service Charge for All Meter Sizes) 207
Rate Structure Options 207
Discussion of the Rate Options in Respect to Rate Objectives 208
Revenue Sufficiency 209
Equity 210
Efficiency 210
Social Acceptability 211
Practical Feasibility 212
Water Conservation 212
Customer Bill Impacts 212
Single-family Customers 213
Multifamily Customers 214
Commercial Customers 216
Irrigation Meters 216
Summary of Customer Impacts 216
Summary Analysis of Proposed Rate Structures 217
Reaction to Recommended Rate Structure 218
Conclusion 219
8 Trends in Revenues and Expenditures for
Water and Sewer Services: Implications for
Demand Management 221
Categories of Expenditures 222
Trends in Revenues and Expenditures 223
Aggregate Trends 225
Household Trends 227
Debt 230
Relationships in Self-Financed Utilities 231
Discussion of Trends 233
Water Use 233
Operating Costs 233
Influence of Financing Practices 234
Summary and Conclusions 235
9 Demand Management Planning Methods 237
Establish Program Goals 238
Determine Applicability and Feasibility 239
A Library of Conservation Measures 239
Screening Tests 240
Determine Social Acceptability 240
Review Objectives and Define Target Population 243
Define Data to Be Collected 244
Select a Method of Data Collection 245
Contents ix
Design and Implement Sampling Plan 247
Design and Implement Survey Questionnaires 249
Data Compilation and Analysis 250
Estimate Potential Water Savings 250
Mechanical Estimates 250
Empirical Estimation 257
Candidate Measures 257
Define Implementation Conditions 258
Program Contents 258
Definition of Target Population and Program Participants 260
Program Incentives 261
Customer Contact Modes 261
Schedule of Program Implementation and Duration 262
Specification of Responsible Agencies 262
Program Evaluation Plan 262
Conduct Benefit-Cost Analysis 263
Demand Management Costs 263
Demand Management Benefits 267
The Accounting Perspective 268
Accounting for Intangibles 269
The Process of Discounting 271
Benefit-Cost Measures 272
Integrate Water Conservation into Water Supply Plans 274
Proposal Development Principles 274
Development of Alternative Conservation Proposals 276
Supply Reliability Considerations 278
Documentation of Water Management Plans 279
10 Demand Management Program Evaluation
Methods 283
The Role of Program Evaluation 283
Objectives of Program Evaluation 285
Process Evaluation versus Impact Evaluation 286
Data Collection for Process Evaluation 288
Data Collection for Impact Evaluation 288
Sample Selection for Evaluation 289
Design of Program Evaluation Studies 290
Validity of Evaluation Studies 291
Measuring Program Impact 292
Data and Methods for Measuring Program Impacts 293
Using Engineering Estimates 294
Using Statistical Comparisons 294
Using Multivariate Regression 296
Combined Evaluation Methods 298
Uncertainty in Measuring Water Savings 298
Standardizing Water Savings Estimates 299
Long-Term Monitoring 300
Contents
11 Integrating Water Supply and Water Demand
Management 303
Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) 304
The IRP Process 309
Case Studies in Water IRP 310
New York City 311
Wichita, Kansas 314
Seattle, Washington 316
Southern Nevada Water Authority 319
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California 321
Conclusion 324
12 Application of Integrated Resource Planning
Approach to Urban Drought 329
Droughts and Water Management 330
Long-Term Protection Against Droughts 330
Short-Term Drought Management 332
Proactive Drought Management 333
A Drought Planning Framework: DROPS 333
The DROPS Approach 333
The Coping-Cost Criterion 336
Example of Phoenix, Arizona 336
Balance of Supply and Demand 337
Potential Shortages 338
Options for Dealing with Drought 339
Long-Term Drought Protection Alternatives 340
Analysis of Drought Protection Trade-offs 341
Summary 344
|
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| author | Baumann, Duane D. Boland, John J. Hanemann, W. Michael 1944- |
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| dewey-full | 333.91/2 |
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| dewey-ones | 333 - Economics of land and energy |
| dewey-raw | 333.91/2 |
| dewey-search | 333.91/2 |
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| discipline | Biologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
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| id | DE-604.BV012245036 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T14:59:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 007050301X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008296350 |
| oclc_num | 37353905 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-525 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-525 |
| physical | XV, 350 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
| publishDateSort | 1998 |
| publisher | McGraw-Hill |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Baumann, Duane D. Boland, John J. Hanemann, W. Michael 1944- Urban water demand management and planning Municipal water supply Management Water conservation |
| title | Urban water demand management and planning |
| title_auth | Urban water demand management and planning |
| title_exact_search | Urban water demand management and planning |
| title_full | Urban water demand management and planning Duane D. Baumann ; John J. Boland ; W. Michael Hanemann |
| title_fullStr | Urban water demand management and planning Duane D. Baumann ; John J. Boland ; W. Michael Hanemann |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urban water demand management and planning Duane D. Baumann ; John J. Boland ; W. Michael Hanemann |
| title_short | Urban water demand management and planning |
| title_sort | urban water demand management and planning |
| topic | Municipal water supply Management Water conservation |
| topic_facet | Municipal water supply Management Water conservation |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008296350&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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