High performance computing

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Hauptverfasser: Dowd, Kevin (VerfasserIn), Severance, Charles R. (VerfasserIn)
Format: Buch
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Cambridge [u.a.] O'Reilly 1998
Ausgabe:2. ed.
Schriftenreihe:RISC architectures, optimization & benchmarks
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text High Performance Computing Second Edition Kevin Dowd amp; Charles R Severance O REILLY Cambridge • Koln • Paris • Sebastopol • Tokyo Table of Contents Preface xi I: Modern Computer Architectures 1 1: What Is High Performance Computing? 3 Why Worry About Performance? 3 Scope of High Performance Computing 4 Studying High Performance Computing 5 Measuring Performance 6 The Next Step 6 2: High Performance Microprocessors 8 Why CISC? 9 Fundamentals of RISC 11 Second-Generation RISC Processors 22 RISC Means Fast 25 Out-of-Order Execution: The Post-RISC Architecture 25 Future Trends: Intel IA-64 and EPIC 28 Closing Notes 29 3: Memory 31 Memory Technology 32 Registers 34 Caches : 35 Cache Organization 39 Table of Contents Virtual Memory 43 Improving Memory Performance 47 Closing Notes 56 4: Floating-point Numbers 58 Reality 58 Representation 59 Effects of Floating-Point Representation 63 Improving Accuracy Using Guard Digits 67 History of IEEE Floating-Point Format 68 IEEE Floating-Point Standard 69 IEEE Storage Format 69 IEEE Operations 71 Special Values 73 Exceptions and Traps 75 Compiler Issues 75 Closing Notes 76 II: Programming and Tuning Software 79 5: What a Compiler Does 81 History of Compilers 82 Which Language to Optimize? 83 Optimizing Compiler Tour 85 Optimization Levels 89 Classical Optimizations 91 Closing Notes 98 6: Timing and Profiling 100 Timing 101 Subroutine Profiling 108 Basic Block Profilers : 120 Virtual Memory 123 Closing Notes 125 7: Eliminating Clutter 128 Subroutine Calls 129 Branches 134 Branches Within Loops 134 Table of Contents vii Other Clutter 139 Closing Notes 144 8: Loop Optimizations 146 Operation Counting 147 Basic Loop Unrolling 149 Qualifying Candidates for Loop Unrolling 150 Nested Loops 153 Loop Interchange 156 Memory Access Patterns 157 When Interchange Won t Work 160 Blocking to Ease Memory Access Patterns 161 Programs That Require More Memory Than You Have 166 Closing Notes 166 III: Shared-Memory Parallel Processors 169 9: Understanding Parallelism 171 Dependencies 173 Loops 180 Loop-Carried Dependencies 181 Ambiguous References 187 Closing Notes 190 10: Shared-Memory Multiprocessors 193 Symmetric Multiprocessing Hardware 194 Multiprocessor Software Concepts 200 Techniques for Multithreaded Programs 212 A Real Example 216 Closing Notes 219 11: Programming Shared-Memory Multiprocessors 222 Automatic Parallelization 222 Assisting the Compiler 228 Closing Notes 241 viii Table of Contents IV: Scalable Parallel Processing 243 12: Large-Scale Parallel Computing 245 Amdahl s Law 246 Interconnect Technology 249 A Taxonomy of Parallel Architectures 257 A Survey of Parallel Architectures 259 The Top 500 Report 260 Shared Uniform Memory MIMD 260 Shared Non-Uniform Memory MIMD Systems 261 Distributed-Memory MIMD Architecture 265 Single Instruction, Multiple Data 267 Closing Notes 270 13: Language Support for Performance 272 Data-Parallel Problem: Heat Flow 273 Explicitly Parallel Languages 277 FORTRAN 90 278 Problem Decomposition 287 High Performance FORTRAN (HPF) 289 Closing Notes 297 14: Message-Passing Environments 299 Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) 300 Message-Passing Interface (MPI) 312 Closing Notes 324 V:Benchmarking 327 15: Using Published Benchmarks 329 User Benchmarks 332 Industry Benchmarks 339 Closing Notes 345 16: Running Your Own Benchmarks 347 Choosing What to Benchmark 348 Types of Benchmarks 353 Preparing the Code 358 Closing Notes 363 Table of Contents be VI: Appendixes 365 A: Processor Architectures 367 B: Looking at Assembly Language 395 C: Future Trends: Intel IA-64 407 D: How FORTRAN Manages Threads at Runtime 414 E: Memory Performance 425 Index : 435
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author Dowd, Kevin
Severance, Charles R.
author_facet Dowd, Kevin
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spellingShingle Dowd, Kevin
Severance, Charles R.
High performance computing
Computer architecture
Electronic digital computers
Parallel processing (Electronic computers)
Supercomputers
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title High performance computing
title_auth High performance computing
title_exact_search High performance computing
title_full High performance computing Kevin Dowd & Charles R. Severance
title_fullStr High performance computing Kevin Dowd & Charles R. Severance
title_full_unstemmed High performance computing Kevin Dowd & Charles R. Severance
title_short High performance computing
title_sort high performance computing
topic Computer architecture
Electronic digital computers
Parallel processing (Electronic computers)
Supercomputers
Leistungsfähigkeit (DE-588)4035236-5 gnd
MIMD (DE-588)4300178-6 gnd
Verteilter Speicher (DE-588)4263487-8 gnd
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Arbeitsplatzcomputer (DE-588)4112575-7 gnd
Supercomputer (DE-588)4128144-5 gnd
RISC (DE-588)4191875-7 gnd
topic_facet Computer architecture
Electronic digital computers
Parallel processing (Electronic computers)
Supercomputers
Leistungsfähigkeit
MIMD
Verteilter Speicher
Datenverarbeitung
Programmierung
Mehrprozessorsystem
Arbeitsplatzcomputer
Supercomputer
RISC
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