Carbohydrate mimics concepts and methods

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adam_text CARBOHYDRATE MIMICS CONCEPTS AND METHODS EDITED BY YVES CHAPLEUR WITH COLLABORATION OF HANS-JOSEF ALTENBACH, FRANCOISE CHRETIEN, JOSE MARCO CONTELLES, FRANCESCO NICOTRA, AMELIA P. RAUTER AND STANLEY M. ROBERTS WILEY-VCH WEINHEIM * BERLIN * NEW YORK * CHICHESTER * TORONTO * BRISBANE * SINGAPORE CONTENTS FOREWORD V LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XIX 1 RECENT ADVANCES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF CYCLIC POLYETHER MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS 1 K. C. NICOLAOU, M. H. D. POSTEMA AND N. D. MILLER 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 SYNTHETIC TECHNOLOGY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYCLIC ETHERS 3 1.3 TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF BREVETOXIN B 3 1.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN POLYETHER SYNTHESIS 4 1.4.1 RADICAL-BASED REDUCTION OF THIONOLACTONES TO CYCLIC ETHERS 4 1.4.2 SYNTHESIS OF L,L -BISTETRAHYDROPYRAN SYSTEMS VIA COPPER(I)- PROMOTED STILLE COUPLING 7 1.4.3 THE OLEFIN METATHESIS APPROACH TO CYCLIC ENOL ETHER CONSTRUCTION 11 1.5 CONCLUSION 14 1.6 REFERENCES 15 2 STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF C-DISACCHARIDES, AZA-C- DISACCHARIDES AND C-GLYCOSIDES OF CARBAPYRANOSES USING THE NAKED SUGARS 19 P. VOGEL, R. FERRITTO, K. KRAEHENBUEHL AND A. BAUDAT 2.1 INTRODUCTION 19 2.2 SYNTHETIC METHODS 20 2.3 THE NAKED SUGAR APPROACH 29 2.3 C-GLYCOSIDES OF CARBAPYRANOSES AND ANALOGUES 35 2.4 BRANCHED-CHAIN CARBOHYDRATES THROUGH CROSS-ALDOLISATIONS 38 2.5 SYNTHESIS OF AN AZA-C(L* 3)-DISACCHARIDE 40 2.6 CONCLUSION 42 2.7 REFERENCES 42 XVIII 3 THE NITRILE OXIDE/ISOXAZOLINE ROUTE TO C-DISACCHARIDES 49 R. M. PATON 3.1 INTRODUCTION . 49 3.2 GENERATION OF NITRILE OXIDES 51 3.3 (L- 2)- AND (L- 3)-CARBONYL-LINKED DISACCHARIDES 52 3.4 (1 * 6)-HYDROXYMETHY LENE-LINKED DISACCHARIDES 56 3.5 HIGHER-CARBON DIALDOSES 60 3.6 CONCLUSION 63 3.7 REFERENCES 64 4 SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOSYL PHOSPHATE MIMICS 67 F. NICOTRA 4.1 INTRODUCTION 67 4.2 ROLES OF GLYCOSYL PHOSPHATES 67 4.3 MIMICS OF NATURAL PHOSPHATES 68 4.4 MIMICS OF GLYCOSYL PHOSPHATES 69 4.4.1 DIRECT METHODS OF GLYCOSYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE SYNTHESIS 70 4.4.2 INDIRECT METHODS OF GLYCOSYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE SYNTHESIS 72 4.4.2.1 SYNTHESIS OF C-GLYCOSYL HALIDES 73 4.4.2.2 CONVERSION OF C-GLYCOSYL HALIDES INTO PHOSPHONATES 75 4.5 MIMICS OF N-ACETYL-A-D-GLUCOSAMINE 1-PHOSPHATE AND N- ACETYL-A-D-MANNOSAMINE 1-PHOSPHATE 77 4.5.1 THE BIOLOGICAL ROLES 77 4.5.2 SYNTHESIS 79 4.6 CONCLUSION 83 4.7 REFERENCES 83 5 SYNTHETIC STUDIES ON GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS COMPOSED OF 5A-CARBA-SUGARS 87 S. OGAWA 5.1 INTRODUCTION 87 5.2 SYNTHESIS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE NATURAL COMPOUNDS CONTAINING 5A-CARBA-SUGARS 89 5.2.1 SYNTHESIS OF VALIDAMYCINS 89 5.2.2 SYNTHESIS OF ACARBOSE 90 5.2.3 SYNTHESIS OF SALBOSTATIN 91 5.2.4 STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF NATURALLY OCCURRING GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS COMPOSED OF 5A-CARBA-SUGARS 92 5.3 SYNTHESIS OF CARBA-OLIGOSACCHARIDES OF BIOLOGICAL INTERESTS 94 XIX 5.3.1 5A -CARBA-MALTOSES LINKED BY IMINO, ETHER, AND SULFIDE LINKAGES 94 5.3.2 SEVERAL CARBA-OLIGOSACCHARIDES: CORE-STRUCTURES OF CELL SURFACE GLYCANS 95 5.4 SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOLIPID ANALOGUES CONTAINING 5A-CARBA- SUGARS 97 5.4.1 GLYCOSYLAMIDE ANALOGUES 97 5.4.2 GLYCOSYLCERAMIDE ANALOGUES 98 5.4.3 GLYCOCEREBROSIDASE INHIBITORS 99 5.5 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW-TYPES OF GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS 100 5.5.1 CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF THE TREHALASE INHIBITOR TREHAZOLIN 100 5.5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF 5-AMINO-L,2,3,4-CYCLOPENTANETETRAOL DERIVATIVES AS NEW POTENT GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS 102 5.5.3 JV-ALKYL AND IV-PHENYL CYCLIC ISOUREA DERIVATIVES OF 5- AMINOCYCLOPENTANEPOLYOL DERIVATIVES: NEW TYPES OF POTENT A-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS 103 5.6 REFERENCES 104 6 THE DITHIANE ROUTE FROM CARBOHYDRATES TO CARBOCYCLES 107 K. KROHN, G. BORNER AND S. GRINGARD 6.1 INTRODUCTION 107 6.2 THREE- TO FIVE-MEMBERED CARBOCYCLIC RINGS FROM 2-DEOXY RIBOSE 109 6.2.1 FIVE-MEMBERED RING 109 6.2.2 THREE-MEMBERED RINGS 109 6.2.3 FOUR-MEMBERED RING ILL 6. 3 THREE- TO SEVEN-MEMBERED CARBOCYCLIC RINGS FROM MANNOSE 112 6.3.1 CYCLOPROPANE DERIVATIVES 112 6.3.2 CYCLOBUTANE DERIVATIVES 113 6.3.3 CYCLOHEXANES AND CYCLOHEPTANES 114 6.4 APPLICATION TO NATURAL PRODUCT SYNTHESIS 115 6.4.1 VALIDATOL 115 6.4.2 CALCITRIOL 117 6.5 REFERENCES 120 7 NEW REDUCTIVE CARBOCYCLISATIONS OF CARBOHYDRATE DERIVATIVES PROMOTED BY SAMARIUM DIIODIDE 123 J. L. CHIARA 7.1 INTRODUCTION 123 XX 7.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 125 7.2.1 INTRAMOLECULAR C=O/C=O REDUCTIVE COUPLING 125 7.2.2 INTRAMOLECULAR C=O/C=N-OR REDUCTIVE CROSS-COUPLING 131 7.2.3 RING CONTRACTION OF 6-DEOXY-6-IODO-HEXOPYRANOSIDES 135 7.3 CONCLUSIONS 138 7.4 REFERENCES 139 8 A CONCISE ROUTE TO CARBA-HEXOPYRANOSES AND CARBA- PENTOFURANOSES FROM SUGAR LACTONES 143 F. CHRETIEN, M. KHALDI AND Y. CHAPLEUR 8.1 INTRODUCTION 143 8.2 RESULTS 144 8.2.1 CARBAHEXOPYRANOSES 144 8.2.2 CARBAPENTOFURANOSES 152 8.2.3 EPILOGUE 153 8.3 CONCLUSION 154 8.4 REFERENCES 154 9 ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF AMINOCYCLOPENTITOLS VIA FREE RADICAL CYCLOISOMERIZATION OF ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE ALKYNE-TETHERED OXIME ETHERS DERIVED FROM CARBOHYDRATES 157 J. MARCO-CONTELLES 9.1 INTRODUCTION 157 9.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 159 9.2.1 SYNTHESIS AND RADICAL CYCLIZATION OF D-MANNO DERIVATIVES 6- 8 161 9.2.2 SYNTHESIS AND RADICAL CYCLIZATION OF D-RIBO DERIVATIVES 16 AND 17 163 9.2.3 SYNTHETIC ELABORATION OF THE CARBOCYCLIC VINYLTIN DERIVATIVES. SYNTHESIS OF AMINOCYCLOPENTITOLS 165 9.3 CONCLUSION... 167 9.4 REFERENCES 168 10 CARBOHYDRATES AS SOURCES OF CHIRAL INOSITOL POLYPHOSPHATES AND THEIR MIMICS 171 D. J. JENKINS, A. M. RILEY AND B. V. L POTTER* 10.1 INTRODUCTION 171 XXI 10.2 SYNTHESIS OF D-2-DEOXY-MYO-INOSITOL 1,3,4,5-TETRAKIS- PHOSPHATE 173 10.2.1 IMPROVED PREPARATION OF METHYL 4,6-0-BENZYLIDENE-A-D- GLUCOPYRANOSIDE AND METHYL 4,6-O-BENZYLIDENE-A-D-MANNO- PYRANOSIDE 176 10.2.2 BENZYLATION OF METHYL 4,6-O-BENZYLIDENE-A-D-GLUCO- PYRANOSIDE AND RELATED REACTIONS 178 10.2.3 PREPARATION OF METHYL 3,4-DI-0-BENZOYL-2-0-BENZYL-6-DEOXY- A-D-XY/O-HEX-5-ENOPYRANOSIDE 30 180 10.2.4 FERRIER CARBOCYCLISATION OF 30 180 10.2.5 ATTEMPTED INVERSION OF STEREOCHEMISTRY AT POSITION 5 OF 32 181 10.2.6 SYNTHESIS OF D-2-DEOXY-/NYO-INOSITOL 1,3,4,5 TETRAKISPHOS- PHATE5 183 10.3 SYNTHESIS OF RING-CONTRACTED ANALOGUES OF INS(L,4,5)P3 184 10.3.1 PREPARATION OF METHYL 2-0-BENZYL-3,4-DI-0-(P-METHOXY- BENZYL)-OC-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 58 185 10.3.2 PREPARATION OF (IR, 2R, 35, 4R, 5S)-3-HYDROXY-1,2,4- TRISPHOSPHO-5-VINYL CYCLOPENTANE 53B 187 10.3.3 PREPARATION OF (IR, 2R, 3S, 4R, 55)-3-HYDROXY-5- HYDROXYMETHYL-1,2,4 TRISPHOSPHO CYCLOPENTANE 75 189 10.4 SYNTHESIS OF A CARBOHYDRATE-BASED INOSITOL POLYPHOS-PHATE MIMIC BASED ON ADENOPHOSTIN A 191 10.4.1 SYNTHESIS OF 2,6-DI-0-BENZYL-3,4-DI-0-(P-METHOXYBENZYL) -D- GLUCOPYRANOSE 93 193 10.4.2 SYNTHESIS OF (2-HYDROXYETHYL)-2 ,3,4-TRISPHOSPHATE-A-D- GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 88 : 197 10.4.3 PREPARATION OF A FLUORESCENT LABEL BASED UPON (2-HYDROXY- ETHYL)- 2 ,3,4-TRISPHOSPHATE-A-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 199 10.5 CONCLUSION 201 10.6 REFERENCES 201 11 CHEMO-ENZYMATIC TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF SOME CONDURITOLS, CARBASUGARS AND (+)-FORTAMINE 209 L. DUMORTIER, P. LIU, J. VAN DER EYCKEN AND M. VANDEWALLE * 11.1 INTRODUCTION 209 11.2 RESULTS 209 11.2.1 SUBSTRATES AND ENANTIOSELECTIVE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS 209 11.2.2 THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME ADVANCED INTERMEDIATES 212 XXII 11.2.3 SYNTHESIS OF CONDURITOLS 213 11.2.4 SYNTHESIS OF CARBA-SUGARS 214 11.2.5 SYNTHESIS OF (+)-FORTAMINE (78) 218 11.3 REFERENCES 220 12 CHEMO-ENZYMATIC APPROACHES TO ENANTIOPURE CARBASUGARS AND CARBANUCLEOSIDES 223 J. BAUMGARTNER AND H. GRIENGL 12.1 INTRODUCTION 223 12.2 ENANTIOPURE CARBAHEXO- AND PENTOFURANOSES 225 12.3 INTRODUCTION OF THE BASE 229 12.4 CARBAULOSES 231 12.5 REFERENCES 235 13 GLYCOMIMETICS THAT INHIBIT CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 239 BRUCE GANEM 13.1 INTRODUCTION 239 13.2 STUDIES ON MANNOSTATIN 241 13.3 ELECTROPHILIC ADDITIONS TO SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPENTENES 247 13.4 STUDIES ON ALLOSAMIZOLINE: AN AMINOCYCLOPENTITOL FROM ALLOSAMIDIN 249 13.5 STUDIES ON TREHAZOLIN AND KERRUFARIDE 252 13.6 REFERENCES 255 14 TOWARD AZAGLYCOSIDE MIMICS: AZA-C-GLYCOSYL COMPOUNDS AND HOMOAZAGLYCOSIDES 259 O. R. MARTIN 14.1 INTRODUCTION , 259 14.2 AZA-C-GLYCOSYL COMPOUNDS 262 14.3 HOMOAZAGLYCOSIDES 270 14.4 1-DEOXYAZASEPTANOSES 276 14.5 CONCLUSION... 279 14.6 REFERENCES 279 15 TOTAL SYNTHESIS AND CHEMICAL DESIGN OF USEFUL GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS 283 K. TATSUTA 15.1 INTRODUCTION 283 15.2 RESULTS 284 15.2.1 CYCLOPHELLITOLS 284 XXIII 15.2.2 NAGSTATINS 290 15.2.3 GUALAMYCIN 298 15.3 CONCLUSION.... 304 15.4 REFERENCES 304 16 SYNTHESIS OF ENANTIOPURE AZASUGARS FROM D-MANNITOL: CARBOHYDRATE AND PEPTIDE MIMICS 307 J. -C. DEPEZAY 16.1 INTRODUCTION 307 16.2 RESULTS 308 16.2.1 TO AZASUGARS VIA BIS-AZIRIDINES 308 16.2.1.1 NUCLEOPHILIC OPENING OF BIS-AZIRIDINES 308 16.2.1.2 BIS-AZIRIDINES PRECURSORS OF AZADISACCHARIDES 310 16.2.2 TO AZASUGARS VIA BIS-EPOXIDES 314 16.2.2.1 NUCLEOPHILIC OPENING OF BIS-EPOXIDES 314 16.2.2.2 ISOMERISATION OF POLYHYDROXYLATED PIPERIDINES 317 16.2.3 ISOMERISATION OF POLYHYDROXYLATED AZEPANES 320 16.2.4 INHIBITION STUDIES 322 16.2.5 SYNTHESIS OF NON-PEPTIDE MIMICS OF SOMATOSTATIN 322 16.3 CONCLUSION 325 16.4 REFERENCES 325 17 FURAN-, PYRROLE-, AND THIOPHENE-BASED SILOXYDIENES EN ROUTE TO CARBOHYDRATE MIMICS AND ALKALOIDS 327 G. CASIRAGHI, G. RASSU AND F. ZANARDI 17.1 INTRODUCTION 327 17.2 OUTLINE OF THE STRATEGY 328 17.3 SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS 330 17.3.1 AMINOSUGAR DERIVATIVES 330 17.3.2 HYDROXYLATEDOC-AMINOACIDS.... 332 17.3.3 BICYCLIC HYDROXYLATED ALKALOIDS 336 17.3.4 NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOSIDE MIMETICS 341 17.4 CONCLUSION 346 17.5 REFERENCES 346 18 TRAVELLING THROUGH THE POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACE OF SIALYL LEWIS X 349 A. IMBERTY AND S. PEREZ 18.1 INTRODUCTION 349 XXIV 18.2 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS 351 18.2.1 NOMENCLATURE 351 18.2.2 RELAXED MAPS OF DISACCHARIDES 351 18.2.3 CALCULATION OF POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACE USING CICADA 351 18.2.4 DETERMINATION OF FAMILY OF LOW ENERGY CONFORMERS 352 18.2.5 FLEXIBILITY INDEXES 352 18.2.6 CALCULATING MOLECULAR PROPERTIES 352 18.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 352 18.3.1 ANALYSIS OF THE LINKAGES CONFORMATION 353 18.3.2 FAMILIES OF CONFORMERS AND ENERGY MINIMA 356 18.3.3 FLEXIBILITY 359 18.3.4 MOLECULAR PROPERTIES 360 18.4 CONCLUSION 362 18.5 REFERENCES 362 19 SYNTHESES OF SULFATED DERIVATIVES AS SIALYL LEWIS 3 AND SIALYL LEWIS X ANALOGUES 365 C. AUGE, F. DAGRON, R. LEMOINE, C. LE NARVOR AND A. LUBINEAU 19.1 INTRODUCTION 365 19.2 SYNTHESIS OF 3 -SULFATED LEWIS A TRISACCHARIDE AND PENTASACCHARIDE 367 19.2.1 3 -SULFATED LEWIS A TRISACCHARIDE 367 19.2.2 3 -SULFATED LEWIS A PENTASACCHARIDE 368 19.3 REGIOSELECTIVE SULFATION 369 19.3.1 STANNYLENE METHODOLOGY 369 19.3.2 CYCLIC SULFATES 371 19.4 POLYSULFATED OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN THE LEWIS X SERIES 372 19.4.1 INTRODUCTION 372 19.4.2 6 -SULFATED, 3 -SULFATED, 3 ,6 -DISULFATED LEWIS X PENTASACCHA- RIDES 373 19.4.3 3 ,6-DISULFATED LEWIS X PENTASACCHARIDE 376 19.5 IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES 379 19.5.1 SPECIFICITY OF THE E-SELECTIN 379 19.5.2 SPECIFICITY OF THE L-SELECTIN 381 19.6 REFERENCES 382 20 ARCHITECTONIC NEOGLYCOCONJUGATES: EFFECTS OF SHAPES AND VALENCIES IN MULTIPLE CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS 385 XXV D. ZANINI AND R. ROY 20.1 INTRODUCTION 385 20.2 NEOGLYCOPROTEINS AND GLYCOPOLYMERS 387 20.3 GLYCOTELOMERS 390 20.4 GLYCOPEPTOIDS 391 20.5 GLYCOCLUSTERS 393 20.6 CYCLIC GLYCOPEPTIDES 395 20.7 GLYCODENDRIMERS 397 20.8 SPHERICAL GLYCODENDRIMERS 402 20.9 CYCLODEXTRINS AND GLYCOCALIXARENES 407 20.10 BIOLOGICAL TESTING 409 20.11 CONCLUSION 410 20.12 REFERENCES 410 21 FROM GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS TO HEPARINOID MIMETICS WITH ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY 417 H. P. WESSEL, A. CHUCHOLOWSKI, J. FINGERLE, N. IBERG, H. P. MDRKI, R. MIILLER, M. PECH, M. PFISTER-DOWNAR, M. ROUGE, G. SCHMID AND T. TSCHOPP 21.1 INTRODUCTION 417 21.2 SULFATED CARBOHYDRATES 417 21.3 SPACED SUGARS 424 21.4 A NEW APPROACH TO OLIGOSACCHARIDE MIMETICS 428 21.5 REFERENCES 429 22 CONDURITOLS AND ANALOGUES AS INSULIN MODULATORS 433 D.C. BILLINGTON, F. PERRON-SIERRA, I. PICARD, S. BEAUBRAS, J. DUHAULT, J. ESPINAL AND S. CHALLAL 22.1 INTRODUCTION 433 22.2 RESULTS 434 22.3 REFERENCES AND NOTES 440 23 STRATEGIES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF INOSITOL PHOSPHO-GLYCAN SECOND MESSENGERS 443 N. KHIAR AND M. MARTIN-LOMAS 23.1 INTRODUCTION 443 23.2 THE STRUCTURE OF THE INOSITOL PHOSPHOGLYCAN WHICH MEDIATES THE INTRACELLULAR POST-RECEPTOR ACTION OF INSULIN 446 XXVI 23.3 THE SYNTHESIS OF BUILDING BLOCKS FOR THE PREPARATION OF INOSITOLPHOSPHOGLYCAN SECOND MESSENGERS 447 23.3.1 SYNTHESIS OF CONVENIENTLY FUNCTIONALISED ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE D-MYO OR D-CHIRO INOSITOL DERIVATIVES 447 23.3.2 SYNTHESIS OF CONVENIENTLY FUNCTIONALISED GLUCOSAMINE UNIT 450 23.3.3 SYNTHESIS OF 6-O-GLYCOSYL-D-C/Z/RO AND D-WYO-INOSITOL DERIVATIVES 450 23.4 EVALUATION OF THE INSULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY OF 4-0-GLUCO-SAMINE- MYO-INOSITOL- 1-PHOSPHATE, 6-O-GLUCOSAMINE-MYO-INOSITOL-1- PHOSPHATE, 6-0-GLUCOSAMINE-/NYO-INOSITOL-1,2-CYCLIC PHOSPHATE 452 23.5 TOWARD THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE PSEUDO OCTA-SACCHARIDE V, PUTATIVE SECOND MESSENGER OF THE HORMONE INSULIN 454 23.5.1 SYNTHESIS OF THE TETRASACCHARIDE VII [31] 454, 23.5.2 SYNTHESIS OF THE TETRASACCHARIDE VII 457 23.6 CONCLUSION 459 23.7 REFERENCES 460 24 THE CATALYTIC EFFICIENCY OF GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES AND MODELS OF THE TRANSITION STATE BASED ON SUBSTRATE RELATED INHIBITORS 463 G. LEGLER 24.1 INTRODUCTION 463 24.2 CATALYTIC EFFICIENCY AND THE TRANSITION STATE 464 24.2 EVIDENCE FOR A GLYCOSYL CATION-LIKE TRANSITION STATE 468 24.3 EVIDENCE FOR ACTIVE SITE CARBOXYLATE GROUPS 472 24.4 INTERACTIONS WITH THE AGLYCON SITE 481 24.5 NL-ALKYL GLUCONAMINIDINES AS PERFECT TRANSITION STATE MIMICS? 483 24.6 CONCLUSION 485 24.7 REFERENCES 487 25 DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF POTENTIAL FUCOSYL TRANSFERASE INHIBITORS 491 G. A. VAN DER MAREL, B. M. HESKAMP, G. H. VEENEMAN, C. A. A. VAN BOECKEL AND J. H. VAN BOOM* 25.1 INTRODUCTION 491 25.1.1 ROLE OF SELECTINS IN LEUCOCYTE EXTRAVASATION 491 25.2 RECEPTOR-BASED ADHESION INHIBITION 494 XXVII 25.2.1 LIGAND-BASED ADHESION INHIBITION 494 25.2.2 FUCOSYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITORS 498 25.3 CONCLUSION 505 25.4 REFERENCES 506 26 ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF LACTOSE ANALOGUES USING GLYCOSIDASES 511 A. FERNANDEZ-MAYORALAS 26.1 INTRODUCTION 511 26.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 514 26.4 CONCLUSION 521 26.5 REFERENCES 521 27 SYNTHESIS OF NITROGEN CONTAINING LINKERS FOR ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES 523 YOGESH S. SANGHVI 21. INTRODUCTION 523 27.2 RESULTS 524 27.2.1 3 -C-N-0 LINKED BACKBONES 524 27.2.1.1 SYNTHESIS OF OXIME DIMER 5 525 27.2.1.2 SYNTHESIS OF MI DIMER 6 526 27.2.1.3 SYNTHESIS OF MMI DIMER 7 527 27.2.2 3 -C-N-N LINKED BACKBONE 527 27.2.2.1 SYNTHESIS OF MDH DIMER 8 527 27.2.3 3 -C-O-N LINKED BACKBONE 528 27.2.3.1 SYNTHESIS OF MOMIDIMER 9 528 27.2.4 3 -O-N-C LINKED BACKBONE 529 27.2.4.1 SYNTHESIS OF HMIM DIMER 10 529 27.2.5 3 -C-N-C AND C-C-N LINKED BACKBONE 531 27.2.5.1 SYNTHESIS OF AMINE 1 AND 2 DIMERS (11 AND 12) 531 27.2.6 2 -OME 3 - C-N-0 LINKED BACKBONE 532 27.2.6.1 SYNTHESIS OF BIS 2 -OME MMI LINKED DIMER 13 532 27.3 CONCLUSION 534 27.4 REFERENCES 535 28 NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES CONTAINING 5-ALKYL PYRIMIDINES. CHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY 537 L. OTVOS 28.1 CHEMISTRY 537 XXVIII 28.1.1 SYNTHETIC METHODS 538 28.1.2 DEACYLATION OF DERIVATIVES IN THE SUGAR MOIETY 540 28.2 BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 542 28.2.1 SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY IN POLYMERASE CATALYSED REACTIONS 542 28.2.1.1 5-N-ALKYL-, 5-(N-L-ALKENYL)- AND 5-(N-L-ALKYNYL)DUTPS 543 28.2.1.2 DEOXYURIDINES CONTAINING BRANCHED SUBSTITUENTS IN POSITION 5 547 28.2.2 STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES AND STABILITY OF POLYNUCLEOTIDES CONTAINING 5-ALKYL-2 -DEOXYURIDINES 548 28.3 MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY 549 28.3.1 MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY OF THE ANTIHERPETIC ACTIVITY OF 5- ISOPROPYL-2 -DEOXYURIDINE 549 28.3.2 ANTISENSE DRUG PROPERTIES OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDES CONTAINING 5- ALKYL-2 -DEOXYURIDINES 550 28.4 REFERENCES 551 29 ANHYDROHEXITOLS AS CONFORMATIONALLY CONSTRAINED FURANOSE MIMICS, DESIGN OF AN RNA-RECEPTOR 553 P. HERDEWIJN 29.1 INTRODUCTION 553 29.2 DOUBLE STRANDED RNA STRUCTURE 556 29.3 DESIGN OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDES WITH A SIX MEMBERED CARBOHYDRATE MOIETY 558 29.4 SYNTHESIS OF 2 ,3 -DIDEOXY-3 -C-HYDROXYMETHYL-A-L-F/IREO- PENTOPYRANOSYL NUCLEOSIDE AND L,5-ANHYDRO-2,3-DIDEOXY-D- ARABINO-HEXITOL NUCLEOSIDE 562 29.5 OLIGONUCLEOTIDE BUILT UP FROM NUCLEOSIDES WITH A SIX- MEMBERED CARBOHYDRATE-LIKE MOIETY 569 29.6 1,5-ANHYDROHEXITOL NUCLEOSIDE AS A MIMIC OF A FURANOSE NUCLEOSIDE IN ITS 2 -ENDO/3 -EXO CONFORMATION 573 29.7 REFERENCES 579 INDEX 581
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spelling Carbohydrate mimics concepts and methods ed. by Yves Chapleur
Weinheim [u.a.] Wiley-VCH 1998
XVIII, 604 S. graph. Darst.
txt rdacontent
n rdamedia
nc rdacarrier
Glucides - Synthèse ram
Glucides ram
Carbohydrates Congresses
Carbohydrates Synthesis Congresses
Carbohydrates chemical synthesis Congresses
Carbohydrates chemistry Congresses
Mimicry (Chemistry) Congresses
Kohlenhydrate (DE-588)4164517-0 gnd rswk-swf
Chemische Synthese (DE-588)4133806-6 gnd rswk-swf
Modifizierte Verbindungen (DE-588)4483702-1 gnd rswk-swf
(DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content
Kohlenhydrate (DE-588)4164517-0 s
Modifizierte Verbindungen (DE-588)4483702-1 s
Chemische Synthese (DE-588)4133806-6 s
DE-604
Chapleur, Yves Sonstige oth
HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007863521&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle Carbohydrate mimics concepts and methods
Glucides - Synthèse ram
Glucides ram
Carbohydrates Congresses
Carbohydrates Synthesis Congresses
Carbohydrates chemical synthesis Congresses
Carbohydrates chemistry Congresses
Mimicry (Chemistry) Congresses
Kohlenhydrate (DE-588)4164517-0 gnd
Chemische Synthese (DE-588)4133806-6 gnd
Modifizierte Verbindungen (DE-588)4483702-1 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4164517-0
(DE-588)4133806-6
(DE-588)4483702-1
(DE-588)1071861417
title Carbohydrate mimics concepts and methods
title_auth Carbohydrate mimics concepts and methods
title_exact_search Carbohydrate mimics concepts and methods
title_full Carbohydrate mimics concepts and methods ed. by Yves Chapleur
title_fullStr Carbohydrate mimics concepts and methods ed. by Yves Chapleur
title_full_unstemmed Carbohydrate mimics concepts and methods ed. by Yves Chapleur
title_short Carbohydrate mimics
title_sort carbohydrate mimics concepts and methods
title_sub concepts and methods
topic Glucides - Synthèse ram
Glucides ram
Carbohydrates Congresses
Carbohydrates Synthesis Congresses
Carbohydrates chemical synthesis Congresses
Carbohydrates chemistry Congresses
Mimicry (Chemistry) Congresses
Kohlenhydrate (DE-588)4164517-0 gnd
Chemische Synthese (DE-588)4133806-6 gnd
Modifizierte Verbindungen (DE-588)4483702-1 gnd
topic_facet Glucides - Synthèse
Glucides
Carbohydrates Congresses
Carbohydrates Synthesis Congresses
Carbohydrates chemical synthesis Congresses
Carbohydrates chemistry Congresses
Mimicry (Chemistry) Congresses
Kohlenhydrate
Chemische Synthese
Modifizierte Verbindungen
Konferenzschrift
url http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007863521&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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