The squandered computer evaluating the business alignment of information technologies
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New Canaan, Conn.
Information Economics Press
1997
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| adam_text | The Squandered Computer
Evaluating the Business Alignment
of Information Technologies
Paul A Strassmann
lip
The Information Economics Press
NEW CANAAN, CONNECTICUT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents v
Illustrations xiii
Introduction xv
Outline of this Book xvii
Follow-on Work xviii
Acknowledgments xix
What to Expect xxix
Part I Alignment 1
1 The Context of Alignment 3
What is Alignment? 3
Why Evaluation Comes First 4
How to Realize the Alignment of IT and Business Plans 5
Alignment and this Book 8
2 Technology that Delivers Profits 11
Benefits of Computers 13
Making Comparisons 15
Intra-corporate Comparisons 16
What Is the Right IT Budget? 17
Part II Facts 21
3 Spending and Profitability 23
Early Doubters 24
Amount of Spending 25
The International Dimension 27
Gathering of Evidence 30
The Tale of the Scatter Diagram 34
An Examination of Food Firms 35
An Examination of Banking Firms 37
Value of Computers 38
Not a Simple Relationship 39
CONTENTS
4 Profits and Value 41
Computers and Economic Value-Added 42
Computers and Profits 43
5 Spending and Revenues 45
Revenue-related Ratios 45
Trade Press Estimates 47
Findings About Revenue Ratios 49
Findings About per Capita Ratios 50
Relating Functional Spending to Revenues 51
Revenue Does not Equal Value-Added 52
Setting Targets for IT Spending 54
Relating IT to Revenues of Baldrige Award Firms 56
State Government Ratios 57
6 Spending and Overhead Costs 59
SG amp;A as an Indicator 59
Overhead Costs 61
Hospital Case 62
7 Spending and Personnel 63
Spending and Personnel 67
IT and Information Staff 68
Per Capita Spending in State Government 70
8 Investments in computers 72
IT and Capital Investments 72
Problems with Inflation-adjusted Statistics 74
Significance of IT Investments 75
The Outcome of Investment Cycles 77
Economic Significance of IT Spending 78
Part III Explanations 81
9 Computer Paradox Revisited 83
Examination of the Paradox 86
Findings for 1988-1994 87
10 Importance of IT Spending 91
Computer Spending as a Necessity 93
The Persistent Doubts 94
VI
CONTENTS
11 Exorcising the Computer Paradox 95
National Research Council Report 95
Making the Paradox Disappear 97
The Effects of a Changing Economic Structure 100
Problems with the Data 103
Revisions and Improvements 104
The Disclaimers 105
A Point of View 106
12 No Links with Spending 108
There is No Magic Potion 109
Spending Patterns Show a Wide Range 110
Telecommunications Omissions 112
Comparison of Characteristics 113
13 Stealth Spending 118
People Cost $85, PCs only 354: per Hour 118
The Effects of Stealth Spending 120
Futz Stories 122
The Disappearing Personal Computer 123
Unhinging 123
Learning as a Useful Futzing Experience 124
Business Prospects 125
14 Workload without Payoff 128
The Computer Paradox and Government Paperwork 128
Paperwork, the Hidden Tax 129
Implications for CIOs 131
Part IV Justifications 133
15 In Search of Best Practices 135
Advantages of Best Practice Checklists 136
Balanced Scorecard 137
16 The Government s Ways 139
The Inconsistencies of the Baldrige Award 139
Perverse Ratings 141
Futility of Best Practices - the Federal Case 142
vtt
CONTENTS
Technical Superiority without Successes 147
18 Unverifiable Spending 150
Different Viewpoints 151
Genetics and Project Management 152
Methodology Examples 153
Information Economics Methods 156
The Options Model 159
19 Virtual Justifications 161
Analytical Hierarchy 161
Credibility and Risks 162
Rationalizations 164
20 Computer Profitability Claims 168
The 1995 cio Magazine Enterprise Value Award 168
The 1996 cio Magazine Enterprise Value Award 171
Checking for Plausibility 172
21 Opinion Polls 174
Information Week Excellence Awards 176
PartV Outsourcing 179
22 Outsourcing 181
The Puzzle 181
The Search 182
The Discovery 183
Best Companies Do not Engage in Massive Outsourcing 185
Anorexia 186
A DuPont Postscript 187
23 Outsourcing Prospects 189
Is Outsourcing Effective? 189
Business Performance after Outsourcing 190
IT Costs after Outsourcing 192
Savings from Outsourcing 193
Establishing a Baseline Prior to Outsourcing 194
A Perspective on Outsourcing 195
Testing an Outsourcing Decision 195
Good reasons for outsourcing 197
Where Outsourcing Will Prevail 198
Vlll
CONTENTS
Outsourcing and Systems Integration 200
Consequences of Outsourcing 201
New Services 202
24 Managing Outsourcing 205
Preservation of Core Competencies 209
Administration of Outsourcing 210
Outsourcing and Managerial Accountability 211
Preservation of Talent and Outsourcing 211
Outsourcing Rationale 212
Part VI Causes and Consequences 215
25 A Historical Perspective 217
The Perils of Disintermediation 217
1930-1957: The Machine Accounting Era 218
1957-1963: The Mechanization Cycle 219
1963-1969: The Data Center Cycle 219
1969-1975: The Time Sharing Cycle 220
1975-1981: The Minicomputer Cycle 222
1981-1988: The Microcomputer Cycle 223
1988-1995: The Client/Server Investment Cycle 225
Prospects 228
Misguided Utopians 237
26 Investment Politics 240
From Economics to Politics 240
Managing the Costs and Benefits 241
Research on Payoffs 243
Architectural and Political Solutions Must Align 244
27 Build and Junk Solutions 249
Systems Construction Practices 250
The Conservation Way 250
28 The Decay of Information Assets 254
The Decay of Applications Software 254
Balancing Operating against Innovating Needs 255
A CIO s Role in the Economy 256
29 The Economic Predicament 259
Immortality of Software 261
IX
CONTENTS
29 The Economic Predicament 259
Immortality of Software 261
Prospects 263
The Most Likely Scenario 265
30 Pricing 267
Pricing Client/Server Networks 268
Outsourcing Client/Server Networks 269
Pricing Directions 273
Central vs Local Computing 274
Part VII Residual Value 277
31 Importance of Residual Value 279
Software Does not Wear Out 279
Software is Easily Reproduced 280
Replication of Software 281
The Wasteful Point of View 281
The Predicaments 282
32 Economic Value of Open Systems 286
What is Openness? 286
Feasibility of Open Systems 288
The Economics of Residual Value 289
33 Managing for Residual Value 292
Conservation of Value During Conversions 292
The Year 2000 Fix Demonstrates Poor Asset Custody 295
Financing Modernization 296
Short-Term Fixes 297
How to Get Support for Modernization 299
34 Modernization through Outsourcing 301
Shifting Power from the Corporate Information Staff 302
Inducements for Outsourcing 304
Merits of Outsourcing 305
35 Reaching out for Payoff 306
Maintenance Degrades all Payoffs 307
Design Architectures 308
You Get what You Plan For 309
x
CONTENTS
36 Leadership in Value Creation 312
Failures in Leadership 312
Remedies 314
Part VIII Evaluation Methods 317
37 The Expected Computer Budget 319
Explaining IT Spending 320
Understanding the IT budget 322
Saturation of Computer Use 325
38 Residual Value 328
Planning Horizons and Residual Value 329
Financial Analysis for Residual Value Calculation 330
Calculating Residual Value 331
How to Create a Greater Residual Value 332
Importance of Systems Engineering Tools 333
39 Valuation of Technology Assets 336
Valuation Method 337
Valuation of Equipment Assets 339
Valuation of Development Assets 340
Valuation of Purchased Software Assets 342
Combined Development and Software Spending 343
Valuation of Training Assets 345
Total Asset Valuation 348
IT Investment Cycles 349
40 The Mythical PC Cost 351
Talking about Large Sums 351
Learning about PC Costs 352
The Facts 353
Common Operating Environment 353
Causal Characteristics 355
Cost Management 356
Implications for CIOs 356
Cigarettes, Strong Coffee, and Microsoft Windows 357
Part IX New Agendas 361
41 Safeguarding Vulnerability 363
Dimensions of the Threat 364
XI
CONTENTS
Exposures to Risk 366
Managing Risks 367
Privacy 368
An Admonition about Information Security 371
42 Planning Directions 373
Evaluation Before Visioneering 373
Flawed Assumptions 374
Planning Guidelines 375
Responsibilities for the Chief Information Officer 376
Organizing for Security 378
Information Security Responsibilities 379
43 Follow-up 382
Waiting for Agreement 382
Implementing Evaluation Metrics 383
Validation of IT Investments 385
Setting Profit Expectations 385
Summing Up 386
Recommendations 389
Epigraphs 401
Bibliography 403
Index 413
xn
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| indexdate | 2024-09-27T16:08:09Z |
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| isbn | 0962041319 |
| language | English |
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| publisher | Information Economics Press |
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| spellingShingle | Strassmann, Paul A. The squandered computer evaluating the business alignment of information technologies Bedrijfsbeleid gtt Gestion - Informatique ram Informatietechnologie gtt Informatique - Aspect économique ram Technologie de l'information ram Datenverarbeitung Wirtschaft Business Data processing Economic aspects Computers Economic aspects Electronic data processing departments Contracting out Information technology Economic aspects Information technology Management Strategisches Management (DE-588)4124261-0 gnd Unternehmensplanung (DE-588)4078609-2 gnd Datenverarbeitung (DE-588)4011152-0 gnd Informationstechnik (DE-588)4026926-7 gnd Strategische Planung (DE-588)4309237-8 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4124261-0 (DE-588)4078609-2 (DE-588)4011152-0 (DE-588)4026926-7 (DE-588)4309237-8 (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | The squandered computer evaluating the business alignment of information technologies |
| title_auth | The squandered computer evaluating the business alignment of information technologies |
| title_exact_search | The squandered computer evaluating the business alignment of information technologies |
| title_full | The squandered computer evaluating the business alignment of information technologies Paul A. Strassmann |
| title_fullStr | The squandered computer evaluating the business alignment of information technologies Paul A. Strassmann |
| title_full_unstemmed | The squandered computer evaluating the business alignment of information technologies Paul A. Strassmann |
| title_short | The squandered computer |
| title_sort | the squandered computer evaluating the business alignment of information technologies |
| title_sub | evaluating the business alignment of information technologies |
| topic | Bedrijfsbeleid gtt Gestion - Informatique ram Informatietechnologie gtt Informatique - Aspect économique ram Technologie de l'information ram Datenverarbeitung Wirtschaft Business Data processing Economic aspects Computers Economic aspects Electronic data processing departments Contracting out Information technology Economic aspects Information technology Management Strategisches Management (DE-588)4124261-0 gnd Unternehmensplanung (DE-588)4078609-2 gnd Datenverarbeitung (DE-588)4011152-0 gnd Informationstechnik (DE-588)4026926-7 gnd Strategische Planung (DE-588)4309237-8 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bedrijfsbeleid Gestion - Informatique Informatietechnologie Informatique - Aspect économique Technologie de l'information Datenverarbeitung Wirtschaft Business Data processing Economic aspects Computers Economic aspects Electronic data processing departments Contracting out Information technology Economic aspects Information technology Management Strategisches Management Unternehmensplanung Informationstechnik Strategische Planung Wirtschaftsentwicklung USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007841509&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT strassmannpaula thesquanderedcomputerevaluatingthebusinessalignmentofinformationtechnologies |