Wave propagation and scattering in random media

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1. Verfasser: Ishimaru, Akira (VerfasserIn)
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Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Piscataway, NJ [u.a.] IEEE Press [u.a.] 1997
Ausgabe:Reissued
Schriftenreihe:IEEE/OUP series on electromagnetic wave theory
An IEEE OUP classic reissue
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_version_ 1819695343107833856
adam_text WAVE PROPAGATION AND SCATTERING IN RANDOM MEDIA AKIRA ISHIMARU UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON IEEE ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION SOCIETY, SPONSOR IEEE PRESS THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, INC. NEW YORK OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD, TOKYO, MELBOURNE CONTENTS FOREWORD XIX PREFACE XXI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XXV CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 PART I SCATTERING AND PROPAGATION OF WAVES IN A TENUOUS DISTRIBUTION OF SCATTERERS: SINGLE SCATTERING APPROXIMATION 7 CHAPTER 2 SCATTERING AND ABSORPTION OF A WAVE BY A SINGLE PARTICLE 9 2-1 CROSS SECTIONS AND SCATTERING AMPLITUDE 9 2-2 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF CROSS SECTIONS 12 2-3 FORWARD SCATTERING THEOREM 14 2-4 INTEGRAL REPRESENTATIONS OF SCATTERING AMPLITUDE AND ABSORPTION CROSS SECTION 15 2-5 RAYLEIGH SCATTERING 18 2-6 RAYLEIGH-DEBYE SCATTERING (BORN APPROXIMATION) 22 2-7 WKB INTERIOR WAVE NUMBER APPROXIMATION 25 2-8 MIE THEORY 27 2-9 ELLIPTIC POLARIZATION AND THE STOKES PARAMETERS 30 2-10 PARTIAL POLARIZATION AND NATURAL LIGHT 32 2-11 ADDITION OF INDEPENDENT WAVES 33 2-12 SCATTERING AMPLITUDE FUNCTIONS /I I, /I 2, /2 * AND /22 AND THE STOKES MATRIX 33 2-13 TRANSFORMATION OF THE STOKES PARAMETERS FOR ROTATION ABOUT THE AXIS 35 2-14 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 36 VIII A CONTENTS 2-15 ACOUSTIC WAVES 37 2-16 ACOUSTIC SCATTERING 39 CHAPTER 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF DISCRETE SCATTERERS IN THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN, AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS 41 3-1 WEATHER RADAR, CLUTTER, AND INTERFERENCE 41 3-2 AEROSOLS AND HYDROMETEORS 43 3-2-1 RAIN 43 3-2-2 CLOUDS, FOG, HAZE, AND SMOG 49 3-2-3 SNOW AND HAIL 50 3-3 OPTICAL SCATTERING IN SEAWATER (HYDROOPTICS) 52 3-4 UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC SCATTERING (HYDROACOUSTICS) 55 3-4-1 SCATTERING FROM AIR BUBBLES 58 3-4-2 SCATTERING FROM FISH 60 3-5 SCATTERING FROM BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS 62 3-5-1 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS 62 3-5-2 BIOOPTICS 63 3-5-3 BIOACOUSTICS 67 CHAPTER 4 SCATTERING OF WAVES FROM THE TENUOUS DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES 69 4-1 SINGLE SCATTERING APPROXIMATION FOR AVERAGE SCATTERED POWER 71 4-2 FIRST ORDER MULTIPLE SCATTERING REPRESENTATION OF SCATTERED POWER 73 4-3 NARROW BEAM EQUATION 74 4-4 COHERENT AND INCOHERENT FIELDS 77 4-5 TIME-CORRELATED SCATTERING CROSS SECTION OF A MOVING PARTICLE 80 4-6 TEMPORAL CORRELATION FUNCTION AND TEMPORAL FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF SCATTERED FIELDS 85 4-7 SPATIAL CORRELATION OF SCATTERED FIELDS 86 4-8 CORRELATION WITH A MOVING RECEIVER 88 4-9 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF SCATTERED FIELDS 89 CONTENTS D IX CHAPTER 5 SCATTERING OF PULSE WAVES FROM A RANDOM DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES 93 5-1 GENERAL FORMULATION OF PULSE PROPAGATION AND SCATTERING IN A TIME-VARYING RANDOM MEDIUM 93 5-2 TWO-FREQUENCY CORRELATION FUNCTION AND CORRELATION OF THE OUTPUT PULSE 96 5-3 COHERENCE TIME AND COHERENCE BANDWIDTH 97 5-4 SCATTERING OF A NARROW BAND PULSE 98 5-5 BACKSCATTERING OF A PULSE FROM A NARROW BEAM TRANSMITTER 101 5-6 BACKSCATTERING OF A TRAIN OF SHORT PULSES 106 5-7 BACKSCATTERING OF A PULSE FROM A TRANSMITTER WITH A BROAD BEAM 108 5-8 BISTATIC SCATTERING OF A PULSE 109 5-9 AMBIGUITY FUNCTION REPRESENTATION 110 5-10 PULSE DOPPLER RADAR 112 CHAPTER 6 LINE-OF-SIGHT PROPAGATION THROUGH TENUOUS DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES 116 6-1 COHERENT AND INCOHERENT INTENSITIES AND SPATIAL CORRELATION OF FLUCTUATION OF A PLANE WAVE 118 6-2 TEMPORAL CORRELATION AND FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF A PLANE WAVE 123 6-3 LINE-OF-SIGHT PROPAGATION OF A PLANE-WAVE PULSE 124 6-4 LINE-OF-SIGHT PROPAGATION BETWEEN A TRANSMITTER AND A RECEIVER 126 6-5 PULSE PROPAGATION BETWEEN A TRANSMITTER AND A RECEIVER 131 6-6 RYTOV SOLUTION FOR AMPLITUDE AND PHASE FLUCTUATIONS 134 6-7 RYTOV SOLUTION FOR A PLANE WAVE CASE 136 6-8 TEMPORAL CORRELATION AND FREQUENCY SPECTRA OF LOG-AMPLITUDE AND PHASE FLUCTUATIONS OF A PLANE WAVE 139 6-9 RYTOV SOLUTION WHICH INCLUDES TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS 141 X DCONTENTS PART II TRANSPORT THEORY OF WAVES IN RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED SCATTERERS 145 CHAPTER 7 TRANSPORT THEORY OF WAVE PROPAGATION IN RANDOM PARTICLES 147 7-1 SPECIFIC INTENSITY, FLUX, AND ENERGY DENSITY 148 7-2 SPECIFIC INTENSITY IN FREE SPACE AND AT BOUNDARIES BETWEEN HOMOGENEOUS MEDIA 152 7-3 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FOR SPECIFIC INTENSITY 155 7-4 REDUCED INCIDENT INTENSITY, DIFFUSE INTENSITY, BOUNDARY CONDITION, AND SOURCE FUNCTION 158 7-5 INTEGRAL EQUATION FORMULATION 160 7-6 RECEIVING CROSS SECTION AND RECEIVED POWER 163 7-7 TRANSPORT EQUATION FOR A PARTIALLY POLARIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE 164 7-8 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIFIC INTENSITY AND POYNTING VECTOR 166 CHAPTER 8 APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS FOR TENUOUS MEDIUM 168 8-1 SPECIFIC INTENSITY IN THE FIRST ORDER MULTIPLE SCATTERING APPROXIMATION 168 8-2 PLANE WAVE INCIDENCE ON A PLANE-PARALLEL MEDIUM 170 8-3 COLLIMATED BEAM INCIDENT ON A PLANE-PARALLEL MEDIUM 173 CHAPTER 9 DIFFUSION APPROXIMATION 175 9-1 DERIVATION OF THE DIFFUSION EQUATION 175 9-2 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 179 9-3 COLLIMATED BEAM INCIDENT UPON A SLAB OF PARTICLES 181 9-4 SOLUTION FOR A PLANE WAVE INCIDENT UPON A SLAB OF PARTICLES 182 9-5 SOLUTION FOR A COLLIMATED BEAM OF A FINITE WIDTH INCIDENT UPON A SLAB OF PARTICLES 184 9-6 DIFFUSION FROM A POINT SOURCE 185 9-7 TWO-FIBER REFLECTANCE 186 9-8 THE FIBEROPTIC OXIMETER CATHETER 188 CONTENTS D XI CHAPTER 10 TWO AND FOUR FLUX THEORY 191 10-1 KUBELKA-MUNK TWO FLUX THEORY 191 10-2 COEFFICIENTS * AND S FOR THE TWO FLUX THEORY 195 10-3 FOUR FLUX THEORY 196 APPENDIX 10A 199 CHAPTER 11 PLANE-PARALLEL PROBLEM 202 11-1 PLANE WAVE NORMALLY INCIDENT UPON A PLANE-PARALLEL SLAB 203 11-2 TYPICAL PHASE FUNCTIONS 205 11-3 GAUSS S QUADRATURE FORMULA 205 11-4 GENERAL SOLUTION 208 11-5 SEMI-INFINITE MEDIUM 215 11-6 OBLIQUE INCIDENCE AND OTHER TECHNIQUES 216 11-7 LAYERED PARALLEL-PLANE MEDIUM 216 11-8 SOME RELATED PROBLEMS 219 CHAPTER 12 ISOTROPIC SCATTERING 220 12-1 FOURIER TRANSFORM METHOD FOR ISOTROPIC SCATTERING 221 12-2 DIFFUSION AND NEAR FIELD PHENOMENA 225 12-3 RADIATION FROM AN ARBITRARY INCIDENT INTENSITY 227 12-4 RADIATION FROM INCIDENT SPHERICAL WAVE WITH ANGULAR VARIATIONS 228 12-5 RADIATION FROM AN ARBITRARY SOURCE DISTRIBUTION 230 12-6 ISOTROPIC SCATTERING IN FINITE VOLUME AND THE MILNE PROBLEM 232 CHAPTER 13 APPROXIMATION FOR LARGE PARTICLES 234 13-1 DERIVATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FOR SMALL ANGLE APPROXIMATION 234 13-2 GENERAL SOLUTION 236 13-3 APPROXIMATE SOLUTION WHEN THE DIFFUSE INTENSITY IS A SLOWLY VARYING FUNCTION OF ANGLE 239 XII D CONTENTS PART III MULTIPLE SCATTERING THEORY 243 CHAPTER 14 MULTIPLE SCATTERING THEORY OF WAVES IN STATIONARY AND MOVING SCATTERERS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH TRANSPORT THEORY 245 14-1 MULTIPLE SCATTERING PROCESS CONTAINED IN TWERSKY S THEORY 246 14-2 STATISTICAL AVERAGES FOR DISCRETE SCATTERERS 251 14-3 FOLDY-TWERSKY S INTEGRAL EQUATION FOR THE COHERENT FIELD 253 14-4 TWERSKY S INTEGRAL EQUATION FOR THE CORRELATION FUNCTION 255 14-5 COHERENT FIELD 257 14-6 PLANE WAVE INCIDENCE ON A SLAB OF SCATTERERS* TOTAL INTENSITY 260 14-7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MULTIPLE SCATTERING THEORY AND TRANSPORT THEORY 266 14-8 APPROXIMATE INTEGRAL AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR THE CORRELATION FUNCTION 268 14-9 FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS FOR MOVING PARTICLES 271 14-10 FLUCTUATIONS DUE TO THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 277 APPENDIX 14A EXAMPLE OF TWERSKY S SCATTERING PROCESS WHEN T V = 3 278 APPENDIX 14B STATIONARY PHASE EVALUATION OF A MULTIPLE INTEGRAL / 279 APPENDIX 14C FORWARD SCATTERING THEOREM 284 CHAPTER 15 MULTIPLE SCATTERING THEORY OF WAVE FLUCTUATIONS AND PULSE PROPAGATION IN RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED SCATTERERS 285 15-1 FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS FOR MOVING SCATTERERS 287 15-2 CORRELATION FUNCTION, ANGULAR SPECTRUM, AND FREQUENCY SPECTRUM IN THE SMALL ANGLE APPROXIMATION 288 15-3 PLANE WAVE SOLUTION 290 15-4 LIMITATION ON IMAGE RESOLUTION IMPOSED BY RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED SCATTERERS 293 15-5 OUTPUT FROM RECEIVER IN RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED SCATTERERS 298 15-6 SPHERICAL WAVE IN RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED PARTICLES 300 15-7 BACKSCATTERING FROM RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED SCATTERERS 300 15-8 PULSE PROPAGATION IN RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED SCATTERERS 305 CONTENTS D XIII 15-9 INTEGRAL AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR TWO-FREQUENCY MUTUAL COHERENCE FUNCTION IN RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED SCATTERERS 306 15-10 TWO-FREQUENCY MUTUAL COHERENCE FUNCTION FOR THE PLANE WAVE CASE 308 15-11 WEAK FLUCTUATION SOLUTION OF A PLANE PULSE WAVE 310 15-12 STRONG FLUCTUATION SOLUTION OF A PLANE PULSE WAVE 313 PART IV WAVES IN RANDOM CONTINUUM AND TURBULENCE 319 CHAPTER 16 SCATTERING OF WAVES FROM RANDOM CONTINUUM AND TURBULENT MEDIA 321 16-1 SINGLE SCATTERING APPROXIMATION AND RECEIVED POWER 321 16-2 SCATTERING CROSS SECTION PER UNIT VOLUME OF THE STATIONARY RANDOM MEDIUM 323 16-3 BOOKER-GORDON FORMULA 326 16-4 GAUSSIAN MODEL AND KOLMOGOROV SPECTRUM 328 16-5 ANISOTROPIC RANDOM MEDIUM 330 16-6 TEMPORAL FLUCTUATION OF SCATTERED FIELDS DUE TO A TIME-VARYING RANDOM MEDIUM 331 16-7 STRONG FLUCTUATIONS 334 16-8 SCATTERING OF A PULSE BY A RANDOM MEDIUM 335 16-9 ACOUSTIC SCATTERING CROSS SECTION PER UNIT VOLUME 336 16-10 NARROW BEAM EQUATION 337 CHAPTER 17 LINE-OF-SIGHT PROPAGATION OF A PLANE WAVE THROUGH A RANDOM MEDIUM-WEAK FLUCTUATION CASE 338 17-1 MAXWELL S EQUATIONS FOR A FLUCTUATING MEDIUM 339 17-2 BORN AND RYTOV METHODS 341 17-2-1 BORN APPROXIMATION 341 17-2-2 RYTOV TRANSFORMATION 341 17-3 LOG-AMPLITUDE AND PHASE FLUCTUATIONS 343 17-4 PLANE WAVE FORMULATION 343 17-5 DIRECT METHOD AND SPECTRAL METHOD 344 17-6 SPECTRAL REPRESENTATION OF THE AMPLITUDE AND PHASE FLUCTUATIONS 345 17-7 AMPLITUDE AND PHASE CORRELATION FUNCTIONS 347 XIV D CONTENTS 17-8 AMPLITUDE AND PHASE STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS 350 17-9 SPECTRAL AND SPATIAL FILTER FUNCTIONS 350 17-9-1 SPECTRAL FILTER FUNCTION 351 17-9-2 SPATIAL FILTER FUNCTION 352 17-10 HOMOGENEOUS RANDOM MEDIA AND SPECTRAL FILTER FUNCTION 352 17-11 GEOMETRIC OPTICAL REGION L L 2 /X 353 17-12 THE REGION IN WHICH L / 2 /A 356 17-13 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLUCTUATIONS IN A HOMOGENEOUS RANDOM MEDIUM 357 17-14 HOMOGENEOUS RANDOM MEDIUM WITH GAUSSIAN CORRELATION FUNCTION 358 17-15 HOMOGENEOUS AND LOCALLY HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE 359 17-15-1 WHEN L / 02 /A 361 17-15-2 WHEN / 02 /A L L 02 /X 362 17-16 INHOMOGENEOUS RANDOM MEDIUM WITH GAUSSIAN CORRELATION FUNCTION AND THE SPATIAL FILTER FUNCTION 363 17-17 VARIATIONS OF THE INTENSITY OF TURBULENCE ALONG THE PROPAGATION PATH 365 17-18 RANGE OF VALIDITY OF THE WEAK FLUCTUATION THEORY 366 17-19 RELATED PROBLEMS 366 CHAPTER 18 LINE-OF-SIGHT PROPAGATION OF SPHERICAL AND BEAM WAVES THROUGH A RANDOM MEDIUM-WEAK FLUCTUATION CASE 368 18-1 RYTOV SOLUTION FOR THE SPHERICAL WAVE 368 18-2 VARIANCE FOR THE KOLMOGOROV SPECTRUM 370 18-3 CORRELATION AND STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS FOR THE KOLMOGOROV SPECTRUM 372 18-4 BEAM WAVE 372 18-5 VARIANCE FOR A BEAM WAVE AND THE VALIDITY OF THE RYTOV SOLUTION 375 18-6 REMOTE PROBING OF PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES 376 18-7 SOME RELATED PROBLEMS 377 CHAPTER 19 TEMPORAL CORRELATION AND FREQUENCY SPECTRA OF WAVE FLUCTUATIONS IN A RANDOM MEDIUM AND THE EFFECTS OF AN INHOMOGENEOUS RANDOM MEDIUM 380 19-1 TEMPORAL FREQUENCY SPECTRA OF A PLANE WAVE 380 CONTENTS D XV 19-2 WHEN THE AVERAGE WIND VELOCITY U IS TRANSVERSE AND THE WIND FLUCTUATION V/IS NEGLIGIBLE 381 19-3 TEMPORAL SPECTRA DUE TO AVERAGE AND FLUCTUATING WIND VELOCITIES 385 19-4 TEMPORAL FREQUENCY SPECTRA OF A SPHERICAL WAVE 386 19-5 TWO-FREQUENCY CORRELATION FUNCTION 388 19-6 CROSSED BEAMS 391 19-7 WAVE FLUCTUATIONS IN AN INHOMOGENEOUS RANDOM MEDIUM 393 19-8 WAVE FLUCTUATIONS IN A LOCALIZED SMOOTHLY VARYING RANDOM MEDIUM 394 CHAPTER 20 STRONG FLUCTUATION THEORY 399 20-1 PARABOLIC EQUATION 400 20-2 ASSUMPTION FOR THE REFRACTIVE INDEX FLUCTUATIONS 401 20-3 EQUATION FOR THE AVERAGE FIELD AND GENERAL SOLUTION 402 20-4 PARABOLIC EQUATION FOR THE MUTUAL COHERENCE FUNCTION 404 20-5 SOLUTIONS FOR THE MUTUAL COHERENCE FUNCTION 406 20-6 EXAMPLES OF MUTUAL COHERENCE FUNCTIONS 410 20-7 MUTUAL COHERENCE FUNCTION IN A TURBULENT MEDIUM 412 20-8 TEMPORAL FREQUENCY SPECTRA 414 20-9 TWO-FREQUENCY CORRELATION FUNCTION 416 20-10 PLANE WAVE SOLUTION FOR THE TWO-FREQUENCY MUTUAL COHERENCE FUNCTION 417 20-11 PULSE SHAPE 420 20-12 ANGULAR AND TEMPORAL FREQUENCY SPECTRA 421 20-13 FOURTH ORDER MOMENTS 423 20-14 THIN SCREEN THEORY 426 20-15 APPROXIMATE SOLUTION FOR THE THIN SCREEN THEORY 430 20-16 THIN SCREEN THEORY FOR SPHERICAL WAVES 432 20-17 EXTENDED SOURCES 432 20-18 EXTENDED MEDIUM 434 20-19 OPTICAL PROPAGATION IN A TURBULENT MEDIUM 436 20-20 MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTION OF A RANDOM MEDIUM 440 20-21 ADAPTIVE OPTICS 446 APPENDIX 20A 448 APPENDIX 20B 449 APPENDIX 20C 450 XVI A CONTENTS PART V ROUGH SURFACE SCATTERING AND REMOTE SENSING 453 CHAPTER 21 ROUGH SURFACE SCATTERING 455 21-1 RECEIVED POWER AND SCATTERING CROSS SECTION PER UNIT AREA OF ROUGH SURFACE 457 21-2 FIRST ORDER PERTURBATION SOLUTION FOR HORIZONTALLY POLARIZED INCIDENT WAVE 459 21-3 DERIVATION OF THE FIRST ORDER SCATTERING CROSS SECTION PER UNIT AREA 465 21-4 STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF A ROUGH SURFACE 468 21-5 BISTATIC CROSS SECTION OF A ROUGH SURFACE 469 21-6 EFFECT OF TEMPORAL VARIATION OF A ROUGH SURFACE 473 21-7 OCEAN WAVE SPECTRA 474 21-8 OTHER RELATED PROBLEMS 475 21-9 KIRCHHOFF APPROXIMATION*SCATTERING OF SOUND WAVES FROM A ROUGH SURFACE. 476 21-10 COHERENT FIELD IN THE KIRCHHOFF APPROXIMATION 479 21-11 SCATTERING CROSS SECTION PER UNIT AREA OF ROUGH SURFACE 480 21-12 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF A SCATTERED FIELD 483 CHAPTER 22 REMOTE SENSING AND INVERSION TECHNIQUES 485 22-1 REMOTE SENSING OF THE TROPOSPHERE 485 22-2 REMOTE SENSING OF THE AVERAGE STRUCTURE CONSTANT C* OVER THE PATH 487 22-3 REMOTE SENSING OF THE AVERAGE WIND VELOCITY OVER THE PATH 488 22-4 REMOTE SENSING OF THE PROFILE OF THE STRUCTURE CONSTANT AND THE ILL-POSED PROBLEM 492 22-5 INVERSE PROBLEM 496 22-6 SMOOTHING (REGULARIZATION) METHOD 496 22-7 STATISTICAL INVERSION TECHNIQUE 497 22-8 BACKUS-GILBERT INVERSION TECHNIQUE 500 22-9 REMOTE SENSING OF OBSERVABLES IN GEOPHYSICS 504 CONTENTS D XVII APPENDIX A SPECTRAL REPRESENTATIONS OF A RANDOM FUNCTION 505 A-L STATIONARY COMPLEX RANDOM FUNCTION 505 A-2 STATIONARY REAL RANDOM FUNCTION 507 A-3 HOMOGENEOUS COMPLEX RANDOM FUNCTION 507 A-4 HOMOGENEOUS AND ISOTROPIC RANDOM FUNCTION 508 A-5 HOMOGENEOUS AND REAL RANDOM FUNCTION 510 A-6 STATIONARY AND HOMOGENEOUS RANDOM FUNCTION 510 A-7 FROZEN-IN RANDOM FUNCTION 511 APPENDIX * STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS 512 B-L STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND RANDOM PROCESS WITH STATIONARY INCREMENTS 512 B-2 SPECTRAL REPRESENTATION OF THE STRUCTURE FUNCTION 514 B-3 LOCALLY HOMOGENEOUS AND ISOTROPIC RANDOM FUNCTION 515 B-4 KOLMOGOROV SPECTRUM 517 APPENDIX * TURBULENCE AND REFRACTIVE INDEX FLUCTUATIONS 520 C-L LAMINAR FLOW AND TURBULENCE 520 C-2 DEVELOPED TURBULENCE 521 C-3 SCALAR QUANTITIES CONSERVED IN A TURBULENCE AND NEUTRAL, STABLE, AND UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE 523 C-4 FLUCTUATIONS OF THE INDEX OF REFRACTION 526 C-5 STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS OF A CONSERVATIVE SCALAR AND THE INDEX OF REFRACTION FLUCTUATION 526 C-6 THE ENERGY DISSIPATION RATE E AND THE ENERGY BUDGET OF ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE 528 C-7 THE RATE OF DISSIPATION OF THE FLUCTUATION N 529 C-8 CALCULATION OF THE STRUCTURE CONSTANT 530 C-9 BOUNDARY LAYER, FREE ATMOSPHERE, LARGE- AND SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE 531 C-10 THE STRUCTURE CONSTANT FOR THE INDEX OF REFRACTION IN THE BOUNDARY LAYER 531 C-L 1 THE STRUCTURE CONSTANT C* FOR FREE ATMOSPHERE 533 C-L2 RELATION BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE CONSTANT C* AND THE VARIANCE OF THE INDEX OF REFRACTION FLUCTUATION 534 XVIII * CONTENTS APPENDIX D SOME USEFUL MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS 536 D-L KUMMER FUNCTION 536 D-2 CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 536 D-3 OTHER INTEGRALS 537 REFERENCES 539 INDEX 561 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 573
any_adam_object 1
author Ishimaru, Akira
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indexdate 2024-12-23T14:36:37Z
institution BVB
isbn 0198592264
language English
oai_aleph_id oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007823089
oclc_num 833040077
open_access_boolean
owner DE-703
DE-188
owner_facet DE-703
DE-188
physical XXV, 574 S. graph. Darst.
publishDate 1997
publishDateSearch 1997
publishDateSort 1997
publisher IEEE Press [u.a.]
record_format marc
series2 IEEE/OUP series on electromagnetic wave theory
An IEEE OUP classic reissue
spellingShingle Ishimaru, Akira
Wave propagation and scattering in random media
Wellenausbreitung (DE-588)4121912-0 gnd
Elektromagnetische Streuung (DE-588)4194512-8 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4121912-0
(DE-588)4194512-8
title Wave propagation and scattering in random media
title_auth Wave propagation and scattering in random media
title_exact_search Wave propagation and scattering in random media
title_full Wave propagation and scattering in random media Akira Ishimaru
title_fullStr Wave propagation and scattering in random media Akira Ishimaru
title_full_unstemmed Wave propagation and scattering in random media Akira Ishimaru
title_short Wave propagation and scattering in random media
title_sort wave propagation and scattering in random media
topic Wellenausbreitung (DE-588)4121912-0 gnd
Elektromagnetische Streuung (DE-588)4194512-8 gnd
topic_facet Wellenausbreitung
Elektromagnetische Streuung
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work_keys_str_mv AT ishimaruakira wavepropagationandscatteringinrandommedia