Membranes: specialized functions in plants

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Veröffentlicht: Oxford BIOS Scientific Publ. 1996
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adam_text JWembranes: Specialized Functions in Plants M Smallwood The Plant Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO1 5YW, UK J P Knox Centre for Plant Biochemisty and Biotechnology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK D J Bowles The Plant Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO1 5YW, UK fios SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS Contents Contributors Abbreviations Preface Membranes and the Cell Surface 1 Interactions between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton in plants C W LLoyd, B K Dr0bak, S K Dove and C J Staiger 1 Introduction 1 The cortical cytoskeleton is dynamic 1 Microtubule/plasma membrane interactions 2 The wall influences MT stability and alignment 2 Calcium and phosphorylation as modulators of MT behaviour 4 Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) 5 Other components of the cortical cytoskeleton S Microfilaments 6 Microfllament/plasma membrane interactions 6 Control of actin organization: actin-binding proteins (ABPs) 8 Control of actin organization: polyphosphoinositides 11 Control of actin organization: calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) 13 GTP-binding proteins and cytoskeletal dynamics 13 Prospects 14 References 15 2 Cell adhesion in plants and its role in pollination EM Lord, L L Walling andG Y Jauh 21 Introduction 21 Types of adhesion in plants 21 Evidence for adhesion molecules in pollination 26 Models for cell movement: is there a similar mechanism operating in plant cell expansion, especially in tip-growing cells? 29 Actin-based motility models for animal cells 29 Pollination: a case of cell movement in plants? 30 During growth, are plant cells attaching to and spreading on their ECMs? 33 References 34 3 Membrane conservation during plasmolysis K J Oparka, DAM Prior and J W Crawford 39 Introduction 39 Alterations of the plasma membrane (PM) during plasmolysis 39 Hechtian strands * 40 Hechtian attachment sites 40 Wall-membrane interactions during plasmolysis 41 vi Contents Hechtian strands arise during freezing of cold-hardened plant cells 43 PM vesiculation 44 } Deletion of the tonoplast during plasmolysis 45 PM vesiculation during freezing 45 Hechtian strands versus PM vesicles 46 PM-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions during plasmolysis 47 The cytoskeleton during plasmolysis 48 Plasmodesmata 50 Structure of plasmodesmata following plasmolysis SO Retention of desmotubules 51 ER-plasmodesmata interactions 52 A structural model of the plasmolysed plant cell 53 References 53 4 Cellulose biogenesis R L Blanton and C H Haigler 57 Introduction 57 The plasma membrane specializations associated with cellulose synthesis 57 Biochemistry of cellulose polymerization in higher plants 61 Non-plant models for cellulose synthesis 64 Bacterial cellulose synthesis 64 Protistan cellulose synthesis 66 New approaches to plant cellulose biogenesis 67 UDP-Glc photoaffinity probes 67 Cellulose synthesis inhibitors 68 Genetic approaches to cellulose synthesis 68 Sequence analysis 69 Related proteins 69 Concluding remarks 69 References 70 5 Callose synthesis H Kauss 77 Occurrence and functions of callose 77 Callose in higher plants 77 Developmentally regulated callose deposition 77 Callose induced by stress 78 Callose in lower plants 79 Chemical nature of callose 80 Which membranes synthesize callose? 81 Properties of P-glucan synthases in vitro 81 P-Glucan synthase I (GS I) 81 P-Glucan synthase H (GS II, callose synthase) 82 Induction of callose synthesis in vivo 85 Some unanswered questions 88 References • 89 Contents • vii 6 Arabinogalactan-proteins: developmental^ regulated proteoglycans of the plant cell surface J P Knox 93 - Introduction 93 ; AGP structure 93 AGPs and the plasma membrane 94 AGP localization: the impact of hybridoma technology 95 Developmental dynamics of AGP epitopes 95 AGPs: metabolism and interactions 97 AGPs: possible functions and prospects 98 References 100 7 Signal perception at the plasma membrane: binding proteins and receptors M G Hahn 103 Introduction 103 Hormone-binding proteins 104 Auxin-binding proteins 104 Abscisic acid-binding proteins 109 Gibberellin-binding proteins 110 Oligosaccharin-binding proteins 111 Hepta-P-glucoside elicitor-binding proteins 113 Oligochitin elicitor-binding proteins 114 Glycopeptide elicitor-binding proteins 116 Oligogalacturonide-binding proteins 117 (Poly)peptide elicitor-binding proteins 118 P sojae peptide elicitor-binding proteins 118 Elicitin-binding proteins 119 Fusicoccin-binding proteins 120 Conclusions 124 References 126 8 Plant membrane-associated protein kinases: proposed great communicators A C Harmon, J -Y Lee, B -C Yoo andJ Shao 137 Introduction 137 Receptor protein kinases 137 Animal receptor protein kinases 137 Plant receptor-like protein kinases 138 The putative blue-light receptor 141 Other membrance-associated protein kinases 142 Membrane-associated calmodulin-like domain protein kinase 142 Light-harvesting complex n kinase 144 ETR1: a plant homolog of a prokaryotic two-component system? 145 Conclusions 146 References 146 9 A role for the heterotrimeric G-protein switch in higher plants K Palme 151 Introduction 151 GTPases switch between inactive and active states 151 Heterotrimeric G proteins • 153 viii Contents Ga genes 154 GP genes 155 ) G-protein-coupled receptors 155 Target proteins 157 GP-like proteins 158 Perspectives 159 References 159 Membrane Lipid Metabolism 10 Lipid transfer proteins: structure, function and gene expression J -C Kader, M Grosbois, F Guerbette, A Jolliot and A Oursel 165 Introduction 165 Assay and purification of LTPs 166 Assay 166 Purification 167 Biochemical properties of LTPs 167 Molecular mass 167 Isoelectric point 168 Specificity 168 Structure and mode of action of LTPs 168 Amino-acid sequence 168 Structural model 168 Mode of action 169 Cell localization and biogenesis 170 Biogenesis 170 Cell localization 171 Gene expression 171 Isolation of cDNAs and genomic clones 171 Gene expression 172 Physiological roles 172 Intracellular roles 173 Extra- or intercellular roles of LTPs 174 Conclusions 175 References 175 11 Plant galactolipids and sulfolipid: structure, distribution and biosynthesis J Joyard, E Marechal, MA Block and R Douce 179 Introduction 179 Structure, distribution and properties of plastid glycolipids 179 Structure and distribution of galactolipids and sulfolipid 179 Physical properties of plant glycolipids 182 Biosynthesis of chloroplast glycerolipids 183 Origin of the diacylglycerol backbone 183 Glycolipid biosynthesis 185 Fatty acid desaturation 189 Conclusions 190 References 191 Contents ° ix 12 Metabolism of plant phosphoinositides and other inositol-containing lipids B K Dr0bak 195 * Inositol-containing lipids in plants 195 - The plant phosphoinositide system 197 Biosynthesis and turnover of plant phosphoinositides 198 Phosphatidylinositol 198 Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 199 Turnover of 4-phosphorylated plant phosphoinositides 199 Phosphoinositide kinases 199 Polyphosphoinositide phosphatases 200 Phospholipase C and other other phospholipases 201 Phospholipases A and D 201 3-Phosphorylated phosphoinositides 202 Regulation of phosphoinositide turnover 203 Formation of signalling complexes: signal-responsive, and unresponsive phosphoinositide pools 203 Activation of mammalian and plant PLC isoforms 204 Plant phospholipase C (type II) 205 Interactions between the phosphoinositide pathway and components of the cytoskeleton 206 Glycophosphosphingolipids and other complex inositol-containing lipids 208 Conclusions and future research 208 Notes added in proof — update 209 Phospholipase C 209 Ins(l,4,5)P3 production 209 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases 210 Novel phosphoinositides 210 Tyrosine kinases 210 Cytosolic Ca2+-fluxes 210 References 210 13 Jasmonates: global regulators of plant gene expression G J Loake 215 Role of membranes in cell signalling 215 Jasmonates as global regulators of gene expression 215 Jasmonate biosynthesis 216 Jasmonate-induced developmental responses 218 Jasmonate-induced genes and proteins 219 Modulation of jasmonate signals 220 Genetic dissection of the jasmonate-signalling pathway 221 Role of jasmonates in wound signalling 222 Role of jasmonates in disease resistance 225 Methyl jasmonate: an airborne interplant signal 226 Transcriptional activation by jasmonates 226 Summary * 227 References 228 x Content Regulation of Membrane Permeability ) 4 Functions of ion channels in plant cells M Tester Introduction What are ion channels? Measurement of ion channels Primary structure of ion channels Properties of ion channels Mechanism of ion movement: conduction Selectivity of ion movement Control of ion movement: gating Pharmacology of ion channels Classification of ion channels Roles of ion channels in plants Role of ion channels in nutrient uptake Role of ion channels in intracellular malate movements Role of ion channels in movements of guard cells Role of ion channels in movements of other plant parts Role of ion channels in long-distance signalling within plants: systemic wound responses Role of ion channels in signal transduction and control of development Role of ion channels in charge balance Conclusions References 15 Mechanosensitive ion channels A Garrill, G P Findlay and S D Tyerman Introduction Studying MS channels MS channel genes Channel gating Clustering of channels Pharmacology MS channels in walled cells Higher plant cells Fungi Bacteria Functions Osmoregulation Tropic responses Generation of Ca2+ gradient in polarized growth Cell cycle regulation Channel evolution Non-channel MS proteins Future work References
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publishDate 1996
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spellingShingle Membranes: specialized functions in plants
Biomembran (DE-588)4006884-5 gnd
Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4006884-5
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title Membranes: specialized functions in plants
title_auth Membranes: specialized functions in plants
title_exact_search Membranes: specialized functions in plants
title_full Membranes: specialized functions in plants M. Smallwood ...
title_fullStr Membranes: specialized functions in plants M. Smallwood ...
title_full_unstemmed Membranes: specialized functions in plants M. Smallwood ...
title_short Membranes: specialized functions in plants
title_sort membranes specialized functions in plants
topic Biomembran (DE-588)4006884-5 gnd
Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd
topic_facet Biomembran
Pflanzen
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url http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007276497&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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