Neonatal gastroenterology
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| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1996
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Clinics in perinatology
23,2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Neonatal gastroenterology |c Josef Neu, guest ed. |
| 264 | 1 | |a Philadelphia [u.a.] |b Saunders |c 1996 | |
| 300 | |a XIV S., S. 161 - 416 |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Clinics in perinatology |v 23,2 | |
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| 650 | 2 | |a Néonatalogie | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Pasgeborenen |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Child | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gastrointestinal Diseases | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Infant | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Neonatal gastroenterology | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | NEONATAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
CONTENTS
Foreword ix
Philip Sunshine
Preface xiii
Josef Neu
Oral Motor Function in the Neonate 161
Chantal Lau and Richard J. Schanler
Oral feeding success in neonates primarily depends upon the
proper coordination of sucking, swallowing, and respiration.
Consideration of specific external factors, however, may enhance
the infant s performance. For instance, premature infants can
successfully oral feed despite an immature sucking pattern and
such achievement is further facilitated by regulating milk flow.
In addition, awareness is growing that proper development of
maternal behavior can positively affect the infant s ability to feed.
Gastrointestinal Motility in the Neonate 179
Carol Lynn Berseth
Motor function in the stomach and intestine is responsible for the
forward propulsion of nutrients. The regulation of motor function
is multifaceted in the adult and many of the aspects of regulation
are immature in the preterm infant. Thus, gastric emptying and
intestinal transit are delayed in the preterm infant compared to
the term infant and the adult. Manometry has been used to
identify better feeding strategies for preterm infants and to iden¬
tify those infants at risk for developing feeding intolerance.
CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY
VOLUME 23 • NUMBER 2 • JUNE 1996 V
Digestion in the Newborn 191
Margit Hamosh
This article discusses the enzymes active in the digestion of the
major nutrients. Activity levels of digestive enzymes are com¬
pared between infant and adult. Emphasis is placed on specific
compensatory mechanisms that operate during the physiologic
pancreatic insufficiency of the newborn (such as fat digestion in
the stomach by gastric lipase, and the role of milk bile salt
dependent lipase and amylase in the digestion of fat and carbohy¬
drate).
Digestion, Absorption, and Fermentation of Carbohydrates
in the Newborn 211
C. Lawrence Kien
In the newborn, sugars present in human milk and formulas are
assimilated by both small intestinal digestion and, especially in
the case of lactose, by colonic bacterial fermentation. Colonic
fermentation of carbohydrate serves three major functions: con¬
servation of a fraction of the metabolizable energy of dietary
carbohydrate that is not absorbed in the small intestine, preven¬
tion of osmotic diarrhea, and production of short chain fatty acids
that stimulate sodium and water absorption, serve as fuel for
coloncytes, and stimulate cell replication in colon and small intes¬
tine.
Nutrient Absorption in the Preterm Neonate 229
Josef Neu and Otakar Koldovsky
The capability of the gastrointestinal tract to absorb various nutri¬
ents depends on its maturity. This article summarizes several
aspects of intestinal nutrient absorption as they relate to matura¬
tion of the gastrointestinal tract, and integrates the process of
membrane digestion and absorption with other reviews of lume
nal digestion included in this issue. Intestinal physiology and
development are discussed as they pertain to absorption of carbo¬
hydrates, protein, lipids, and minerals, and how this information
might be used in clinical practice.
Neonatal Intestinal Metabolism 245
Robert E. Kimura
In the presence of glutamine, glucose, and 3 hydroxybutyrate,
glutamine is the preferred oxidative substrate in enterocytes of
suckling and weaned rats. The oxidation of substrates that enter
the citric acid cycle in the form of acetyl CoA such as glucose,
fatty acid, and lipids is low during the suckling period and
increases after weaning. The control of the citric acid cycle ap¬
pears to be the intramitochondrial [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio which
is high during the suckling period and low in the intestine of
vi CONTENTS
weaned rats. The changes in substrate oxidation during weaning
is not controlled by the endogenous steroid burst that occurs at
16 days of age. Substrate oxidation only changes after weaning
suggesting that a change in diet is a significant factor in intestinal
substrate oxidation.
Trophic Factors for the Gastrointestinal Tract 265
Jane D. Carver and Lewis A. Barness
Trophic factors influence the coordinated pre and postnatal
growth and the development of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Systemically as well as enterally administered trophic factors
have effects upon the GI tract, several have the potential to be
used therapeutically to enhance GI maturation and repair follow¬
ing injury. Gastrointestinal trophic factors in human milk play an
important role in regulating the adaptive functional changes
which accompany the transition to postnatal enteral feedings.
Neonatal Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immunity 287
Elizabeth Mannick and John N. Udall, Jr
The gastrointestinal mucosal immune system is immature early
in life. This puts the newborn infant at risk for infectious and
allergic diseases. Breast milk contains cells, immunoglobulins,
and antimicrobial substances which may be important for host
defense. With age and proper nutrition the gastrointestinal muco¬
sal immune system matures and becomes important in host de¬
fense.
Gastroesophageal Reflux in the Preterm Infant 305
Donald A. Novak
Gastroesophageal reflux is a problem familiar to most pediatri¬
cians. The focus of this article is to provide a synopsis of the
current state of knowledge regarding gastroesophageal reflux in
the premature population, as well as to provide the practitioner
with a rational basis upon which to diagnose and treat gastro¬
esophageal reflux in this population.
Neonatal Hepatobiliary Disorders 321
Joel M. Andres
Neonatal hepatobiliary disorders are now better understood due
primarily to new discoveries in molecular genetics, virology, and
immunology. Because they are almost always pathologic and
require early intervention, the neonatologist must recognize in¬
fants with these hepatocellular and ductal cholestatic problems
occurring in the first few weeks of life. This article focuses mainly
on new developments regarding neonatal metabolic disorders
and their potential for gene therapy; perinatal infections, espe¬
cially those caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and
CONTENTS Vli
human immunodeficiency virus; and recent concepts of neonatal
hepatitis and biliary atresia, including a review of predictors that
influence outcome for infants undergoing Kasai portoenterostomy
and liver transplantation.
Surgical Conditions of the Neonatal Intestinal Tract 353
David W. Kays
Surgical conditions affecting the neonatal intestine, including du¬
odenal atresia, jejunoileal atresia, meconium ileus, midgut volvu¬
lus, Hirschsprung s disease, and necrotizing enterocolitis, are cov¬
ered. Emphasis is on the practical issues of resuscitation and
systematic evaluation. Detailed information on the surgical ap¬
proach is then provided, to aid the surgeon in training, and the
non surgeon alike in understanding the management issues that
arise in the operating room. Finally, long term issues that arise in
the follow up of these children are addressed.
Short Bowel Syndrome 377
Jon A. Vanderhoof
This article discusses the management of short bowel syndrome
during the neonatal period. It includes information regarding
etiology and pathophysiology and parenteral and enteral nutri¬
tion therapy. Finally, a discussion of the role of intestinal trans¬
plantation in the treatment of short bowel syndrome is included.
Neonatal Gastrointestinal Imaging 387
William A. Cumming and Jonathan L. Williams
As an aid to practicing neonatologists, the many gastrointestinal
anomalies and diseases found in neonates are discussed with
regard to choosing the most efficient and appropriate imaging
modalities in each. The discussion is organized under anatomical
headings: esophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, liver, and
miscellaneous. Nine representative images are included as illus¬
trations. There is a brief discussion of umbilical arterial and
venous catheters.
Index 409
Subscription Information Inside back cover
Viii CONTENTS
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| language | English |
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| physical | XIV S., S. 161 - 416 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | Saunders |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Clinics in perinatology |
| series2 | Clinics in perinatology |
| spellingShingle | Neonatal gastroenterology Clinics in perinatology Maagdarmstelsel gtt Maladies gastro-intestinales - Enfant Néonatalogie Pasgeborenen gtt Child Gastrointestinal Diseases Infant Neonatal gastroenterology Neonatology Gastrointestinale Krankheit (DE-588)4114483-1 gnd Neugeborenes (DE-588)4041781-5 gnd Verdauungskanal (DE-588)4078786-2 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114483-1 (DE-588)4041781-5 (DE-588)4078786-2 (DE-588)4045981-0 (DE-588)4032844-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Neonatal gastroenterology |
| title_auth | Neonatal gastroenterology |
| title_exact_search | Neonatal gastroenterology |
| title_full | Neonatal gastroenterology Josef Neu, guest ed. |
| title_fullStr | Neonatal gastroenterology Josef Neu, guest ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neonatal gastroenterology Josef Neu, guest ed. |
| title_short | Neonatal gastroenterology |
| title_sort | neonatal gastroenterology |
| topic | Maagdarmstelsel gtt Maladies gastro-intestinales - Enfant Néonatalogie Pasgeborenen gtt Child Gastrointestinal Diseases Infant Neonatal gastroenterology Neonatology Gastrointestinale Krankheit (DE-588)4114483-1 gnd Neugeborenes (DE-588)4041781-5 gnd Verdauungskanal (DE-588)4078786-2 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Maagdarmstelsel Maladies gastro-intestinales - Enfant Néonatalogie Pasgeborenen Child Gastrointestinal Diseases Infant Neonatal gastroenterology Neonatology Gastrointestinale Krankheit Neugeborenes Verdauungskanal Physiologie Krankheit Aufsatzsammlung |
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