The system of protection and industrial development in Zimbabwe
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Aldershot u.a.
Avebury
1994
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Aldershot u.a. |b Avebury |c 1994 | |
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| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1965-1994 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Handelspolitiek |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Industriële ontwikkeling |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Außenwirtschaftsprotektionismus |2 fes | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Industriepolitik |2 fes | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Wirtschaftsgeschichte |2 fes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Foreign trade regulation |z Zimbabwe | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Manufacturing industries |z Zimbabwe | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Protectionism |z Zimbabwe | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Protektionismus |0 (DE-588)4127791-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Verarbeitende Industrie |0 (DE-588)4133768-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Simbabwe |2 fes | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Zimbabwe |x Commercial policy | |
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| 689 | 1 | 2 | |a Protektionismus |0 (DE-588)4127791-0 |D s |
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| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006538812 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819715175506247680 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xii
Annexes xiii
Abstract xv
Acknowledgements xvi
Acronyms xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Objectives and focus of the study 3
1.3 Significance of the research 3
1.4 Sources and methods of data collection 4
1.5 Organisation of the study 4
2 An Outline of the Development of the Zimbabwe Economy 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Phases in the development of the Zimbabwe economy 7
2.2.1 The pre Federation period 8
2.2.2 The Federation period 9
2.2.3 The UDI period 1965 1980 10
2.2.4 The Independence period 13
2.3 Performance of the independence economy 13
2.4 The structure of the Zimbabwe economy 16
2.5 Balance of payments 18
2.6 Summary and conclusion 21
3 Industrial Strategy, Protection and Performance
in Manufacturing 25
3.1 Introduction 25
3.2 Trade and industrial development 26
v
3.3 Inward looking versus outward looking strategies 26
3.4 Effective rate of protection 29
3.5 Efficiency implications 32
3.5.1 Domestic resource cost 32
3.5.2 Productivity 35
3.6 Conclusion 38
4 The Development of the Manufacturing Sector in Zimbabwe 45
4.1 Introduction 45
4.2 Industrial policy in the UDI period 45
4.3 Production in the manufacturing sector 47
4.4 Structure of the manufacturing sector post independence 48
4.5 Manufacturing characteristics 50
4.6 Manufacturing investment trends 53
4.7 Productivity in the manufacturing sector 54
4.7.1 TFP growth 55
4.7.2 TFP growth results 59
4.8 Conclusion 61
5 Trade Strategy and the System of Protection in Zimbabwe 69
5.1 Trade and trade strategy 69
5.2 Balance of payments 75
5.2.1 The current account balance 75
5.2.2 The capital account balance 75
5.3 The system of protection 77
5.3.1 Trade management 77
5.3.2 Tariffs 83
5.3.3 Investment control and incentives 84
5.3.4 Subsidies 85
5.3.5 Price control and pricing
Regulations and exchange rate management 85
5.3.6 Wage and income controls 88
5.4 How the controls protect manufacturing 89
5.5 Conclusion 92
6 Research Methodology and Sample Survey Characteristics 97
6.1 Introduction 97
6.2 The Analytical framework 97
6.2.1 Estimation of effective rates of protection 97
6.2.2 Estimation of domestic resource cost 99
6.2.3 Measurement and treatment of land, labour and capital 100
6.2.4 Treatment of non traded inputs 102
6.2.5 Relationship between ERP and DRC 102
vi
6.3 Methods of collecting data 104
6.4 Sample characteristics 106
6.4.1 Age of enterprises 108
6.4.2 Capacity utilisation 108
6.4.3 Direct foreign exchange costs and foreign
exchange intensity 108
6.4.4 Employment 109
6.4.5 Factor intensity 109
6.5 Exporting, domestic and import substitution firms 110
6.7 Conclusion 113
7 Conversion Factors (CFs) for Non Traded Sector
Inputs and Discount Rate 117
7.1 Introduction 117
7.2 Adjustment of inputs 119
7.2.1 Traded inputs 119
7.2.2 Adjustment of primary inputs 119
7.3 The simultaneous equations 122
7.4 The simultaneous equation results 127
7.5 Discount rate 128
7.6 Conclusion 129
8 Effective Protection Among Survey Firms 133
8.1 Introduction 133
8.2 The incidence of effective protection 133
8.2.1 General and average survey results 136
8.2.2 Export, domestic and import competing firms 137
8.2.3 Effective protection at branch level 140
8.3 Explaining the incidence of effective protection 141
8.3.1 Negative effective rates 144
8.3.2 Positive ERPs 147
8.3.3 Branch level results 148
8.3.4 Exporting, domestic and import
competing firms 149
8.4 Sensitivity of ERP results 151
8.5 Conclusion 151
9 Efficiency Among Surveyed Manufacturing Firms 161
9.1 Introduction 161
9.2 TheDRC estimates 162
9.2.1 Efficient and inefficient firms 166
9.2.2 Exports, domestic products and import substitutes 167
9.2.3 Branch level DRC performance 168
vii
9.3 Factors influencing firm level efficiency 168
9.3.1 Correlation and regression analysis 168
9.3.2 The efficient firms 172
9.3.3 The inefficient firms 174
9.3.4 Export, domestic and import competing firms 176
9.3.5 Performance by manufacturing branches 176
9.4 A comparison of subsector TFP growth and DRC performance 177
9.5 Sensitivity of the DRC results 179
9.6 Conclusion 179
10 Conclusions 189
10.1 Introduction 189
10.2 Constraints on manufacturing development 190
10.3 Growth, investment and performance in manufacturing 191
10.4 Effective protection and incentives 192
10.5 Effective protection and efficiency 194
Appendices 197
1 Industrial classification for Zimbabwe 197
2 Sample selection 199
3 Check list of firm level data collected 200
4 About sample firms in brief 202
Bibliography 215
viii
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Real average annual growth rates 12
(per cent) in selected periods
Table 2.2 Sectoral contribution to GDP 17
(per cent) in selected years
Table 2.3 Zimbabwe s current account balance (Z $ million) 19
Table 2.4 Composition of public debt (per cent) selected years 21
Table 4.1 Growth of manufacturing output 47
Table 4.2 Structure of the manufacturing sector in
Zimbabwe percentage contribution to gross
output and value added 48
Table 4.3 Manufacturing value added shares in gross domestic
product, manufacturing value added per capita and
distribution of manufacturing value added in selected
African countries 51
Table 4.4 Real gross domestic product (GDP), gross fixed
capital formation (GFCF) and manufacturing
investment (MI) 1969 88 55
Table 4.5 Manufacturing performance by subsector (1970 87)
average annual growth rates (per cent) 58
Table 4.6 Total factor productivity growth (%) by subsector 59
Table 5.1 Exports, imports and the ratio to GDP, 1966 88 70
Table 5.2 Structure of exports by SITC (per cent) 72
ix
Table 5.3 Structure of imports by SITC (per cent) 74
Table 5.4 Zimbabwe s balance of payments (Z $ million) 76
Table 5.5 Sources of import funds (1981 88) 81
Table 5.6 Price control and the products to which they apply 86
Table 6.1 Asset life (yrs), breakdown (%) and CFs applied 102
Table 6.2 Output value at domestic prices 106
Table 6.3 Surveyed firms characteristics 107
Table 6.4 Exporting, domestic and import substitution
firms in the sample 111
Table 6.5 Analysis of sample survey characteristics 112
Table 7.1 Extract of supplying industries into non traded sectors
Non traded sectors 118
Table 7.2 Adjustment of inputs for non traded sectors
CFs estimation 123
Table 7.3 Matrix for non traded sectors CFs estimation 125
Table 7.4 Estimated CFs 127
Table 7.5 Estimating the cost of capital 129
Table 8.1 Output, Corden and Balassa method values added 134
Table 8.2 Effective and nominal rates of protection 135
Table 8.3 Distribution of positive ERPs 136
Table 8.4 Distribution of negative ERPs 137
Table 8.5 Protection by market orientation 139
Table 8.6 Branch level protection 141
Table 8.7 Correlation coefficients for firms with positive ERPs 148
Table 8.8 Correlation coefficients — by market orientation 150
Table 9.1 Value of domestic resources and VAWP by firm 163
Table 9.2 Estimates of survey firms DRCs 165
Table 9.3 Frequency distribution of DRCs 167
x
Table 9.4 Sample firm s manufacturing branch level performance 169
Table 9.5 DRC correlation coefficients — all firms 170
Table 9.6 DRC correlation coefficients — efficient firms 173
Table 9.7 Characteristics of inefficient firms 175
Table 9.8 Subsectors represented by sample firms and the
branches where these were selected from 178
xi
List of Figures
Figure 5.1 The system of foreign exchange allocation 79
Figure 5.2 The impact of quantitative restrictions 89
Figure 5.3 The impact of quantitative restrictions 90
xii
Annexes
Annex 3 (a) Zimbabwe — estimates of nominal rates
of protection (NRP), effective rate of protection
domestic resource cost (DRC) from previous studies 39
Annex 3 (b) Zimbabwe —World Bank (1985) domestic
resources cost (DRC) estimates for sell and
fertilizer manufacturing 40
Annex 3 (c) Trade liberalisation study protection estimates 40
Annex 4.1 Capital stock, manufacturing value added and
employment 1969 87 62
Annex 4.2 Manufacturing production (Volume Index, 1980 = 100) 63
Annex 4.3 Manufacturing subsector employment (1969 87) 64
Annex 4.4 Capital stock estimates (Z $ million) 65
Annex 4.5 Output, labour and capital growth (%) by subsector
(1970 74, 1974 79, 1979 82 and 1982 87) 66
Annex 5.1 Global foreign exchange allocation to subheads 93
Annex 5.2 Ministry of Industry and Technology allocations
since 1980 (Z $ million) 94
Annex 6 Exports, imports, export output and import output ratios 114
Annex 8.1 Determinants of firm level ERP — all firms 154
Annex 8.2 Factors influencing ERP among negative ERP firms 155
Annex 8.3 Branch level ERP determinants 156
xiii
Annex 8.4 Effective rates of protection under different assumptions 157
Annex 9.1 Firm level capital charge and depreciation (Z $) 182
Annex 9.2 Factors influencing firm level DRC — all firms 183
Annex 9.3 Determinants of the DRC among efficient firms 184
Annex 9.4 Factors influencing branch level efficiency 185
Annex 9.5 Firm level DRCs under different assumptions 186
xiv
|
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| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
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| geographic | Simbabwe fes Zimbabwe Commercial policy Simbabwe (DE-588)4049850-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Simbabwe Zimbabwe Commercial policy |
| id | DE-604.BV009872668 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T13:41:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1856288706 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-006538812 |
| oclc_num | 30399698 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-703 DE-188 DE-Bo133 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-703 DE-188 DE-Bo133 |
| physical | XVII, 228 S. |
| publishDate | 1994 |
| publishDateSearch | 1994 |
| publishDateSort | 1994 |
| publisher | Avebury |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Ndlovu, Lindani B. The system of protection and industrial development in Zimbabwe Handelspolitiek gtt Industriële ontwikkeling gtt Außenwirtschaftsprotektionismus fes Industriepolitik fes Wirtschaftsgeschichte fes Foreign trade regulation Zimbabwe Manufacturing industries Zimbabwe Protectionism Zimbabwe Protektionismus (DE-588)4127791-0 gnd Verarbeitende Industrie (DE-588)4133768-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4127791-0 (DE-588)4133768-2 (DE-588)4049850-5 |
| title | The system of protection and industrial development in Zimbabwe |
| title_auth | The system of protection and industrial development in Zimbabwe |
| title_exact_search | The system of protection and industrial development in Zimbabwe |
| title_full | The system of protection and industrial development in Zimbabwe Lindani B. Ndlovu |
| title_fullStr | The system of protection and industrial development in Zimbabwe Lindani B. Ndlovu |
| title_full_unstemmed | The system of protection and industrial development in Zimbabwe Lindani B. Ndlovu |
| title_short | The system of protection and industrial development in Zimbabwe |
| title_sort | the system of protection and industrial development in zimbabwe |
| topic | Handelspolitiek gtt Industriële ontwikkeling gtt Außenwirtschaftsprotektionismus fes Industriepolitik fes Wirtschaftsgeschichte fes Foreign trade regulation Zimbabwe Manufacturing industries Zimbabwe Protectionism Zimbabwe Protektionismus (DE-588)4127791-0 gnd Verarbeitende Industrie (DE-588)4133768-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Handelspolitiek Industriële ontwikkeling Außenwirtschaftsprotektionismus Industriepolitik Wirtschaftsgeschichte Foreign trade regulation Zimbabwe Manufacturing industries Zimbabwe Protectionism Zimbabwe Protektionismus Verarbeitende Industrie Simbabwe Zimbabwe Commercial policy |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006538812&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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