Sociology cultural diversity in a changing world
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston u.a.
Allyn and Bacon
1994
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| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Sociology |b cultural diversity in a changing world |c George J. Bryjak ; Michael P. Soroka |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston u.a. |b Allyn and Bacon |c 1994 | |
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| adam_text | Contents Preface xi Chapter 1 The World According to Sociology 1 Theme of the Text 3 The Modernization of Sociology: A Growing International Perspective 3 The Modernization of the World 4 Mexico and Japan: Two Societies in Transition 7 The Debunking Science 9 The Sociological Style: Unraveling Human Social Patterns 10 Prescientific and Nonscientific Interpretations of Social Reality 10 The Sociological View of the World: Comte and Durkheim and the Development of Scientific Sociology 12 Thinking Sociologically: Theoretical Paradigms 13 Theories and Science 13 Suicide: The Sociology of Self-Destruction 14 The Organic Analogy: Classic and Contemporary Functionalist Theory 18 Conflict Sociology: The Zero-Sum Game 21 “Are You for Real?”: Symbolic Interactionism and the Subjectivist Approach 23 Doing Sociology: Is There a Method to This Madness? 25 Problems in Social Scientific Research 25 Nonexperimental Research Designs in Sociology 28 Experimental Research Designs in Sociology 32 Chapter 2 Culture 36 The Roots of Human Culture 39 The Biological Basis 39 Language, Thought, and Culture 41 Material and Nonmaterial Culture 46 The Normative Order 48 Core Values and National Character 48 American Values 49 Ourselves and Others Culture Conflict and Child Abuse 53 Norms, Folkways, Mores, and Laws 55 Relativism 56 Culture Shock 58 Ethnocentrism and Cultural Cultural Diversity and Change 59 О Chapter 3 Subcultures and Countercultures 59 Integration and Change Focus on Mexico Mexican Values: All in the Family 63 Focus on Japan Japanese Values: You Gotta Have Wa 65 61 Groups and Social
Structure 70 The Concept of Social Structure 73 Groups and Other Collectivities 73 Status and Role 74 v
Types of Social Groups 76 Membership Groups and Reference Groups 76 Primary Groups and Secondary Groups 78 Formal Organizations 82 Types of Formal Organizations 82 Bureaucratic Organization 83 Bureaucratic Shortcomings 84 Ourselves and Others Argentina Struggles to Cut Huge Bureaucracy Bureaucratic Ritualism Corporation 88 The Informal Organization 86 87 85 The Japanese Societies and Societal Development 90 Durkheim and Tonnies Development 92 90 Lenski’s Evolutionary Theory of Societal В Focus on Mexico Mexican Society: Who Am I? 93 Focus on Japan Japanese Society: Where Do You Belong? Chapter 4 і 97 Socialization 102 On Being Human: Biology and Human Nature 105 On Being Human·. Social Learning and Human Nature 106 The Effects of Isolation: The Cases of Anna, Isabelle, and Genie 107 Theories of Socialization as Human Development 108 Socialization as Cognitive Development: Piaget 108 Socialization as Self-Development: Cooley and Mead 109 Socialization as Social Learning The Family 112 Media 115 112 The School 114 Peer Groups 114 The Mass Ourselves and Others Dishing It Out: India’s Battle of the Airwaves Adult Socialization and Resocialization Socialization, Oversocialization, and 118 120 Social Control 121 Ш Focus on Mexico Waging the Battle for Minds and Hearts: Modernization, Mass Media, and the State 123 Focus on Japan The Japanese School: Reading, Writing, and Regimentation Chapter 5 126 Social Stratification 132 Explanations and Interpretations of Natural Superiority Theory Conflict Theory 138 135 135 Functionalist Theory Stratification 136 Marxist Class Ourselves and
Others Arabs’ Rich-Poor Division Grows Deeper After War Weberian Multiple-Hierarchies Model 140 141 and Issues in Stratification Analysis 142 Objective Class Analysis 143 Subjective, Class Analysis: SelfPlacement 145 Subjective Class Analysis: Reputation 146 Methods Open and Closed Stratification Systems: Class, Caste, and The Open-Class System: (Nearly) All Things Are Possible The Closed-Caste System: Stay Where You Were 149 Principles and Patterns 151 Contents Social Mobility 149 Social Mobility 148
The Consequences of Social Stratification 153 Physical and Mental Health 153 Political Involvement 153 Crime and Criminal Justice 154 Focus on Mexico Mexican Stratification: Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed 155 Focus on Japan Land of the Rising Sons Chapter 6 159 Race and Ethnicity 164 Race and Ethnicity 167 Race Defined 167 Ethnicity Defined 168 Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Group Relations 169 Assimilation 170 Minorities 172 Pluralism 172 Legal Protection of Population Transfer 172 Ourselves and Others Ethnic Violence Troubles Kenya 173 Continued Subjugation 174 Extermination 176 Racial and Ethnic Intergroup Relations in the United States 176 African Americans 177 Native Americans 178 Latinos 180 Asian Americans 182 Minorities and Poverty in the United States: A Declining Significance of Race? 183 Poverty 184 The Future of Minority Group Relations in the United States Minority Group Relations in the Global Village 188 Focus on Mexico From Sons of Dons to Juans of Bronze Focus on Japan A Growing Yen for Diversity? 193 Chapter 7 Gender and Gender Issues 187 189 19 8 Understanding Sex and Gender 200 Biological Considerations Considerations 201 201 Psychological and Sociocultural Traditional Gender Stereotyping and Gender Roles 202 Sexual Morphology and Gender Differences 202 Biological Findings 202 Psychological Findings 203 Anthropological Findings 203 Becoming Women and Men: Gender Socialization 204 Infancy and Childhood 204 Adolescence and Early Adulthood 204 Middle and Late Adulthood 206 Theoretical Interpretations and Explanations of Gender Roles 207
Gender Roles as Salvation: Classical Functionalism 207 Gender Roles as Suppression: The Conflict Model 209 Patterns of Gender Stratification 211 Gender and Work 211 Gender and Income 212 Ourselves and Others Women Taking New Roles Amid Somalia Chaos Gender and Politics 220 Social Theory 224 Gender and Law 221 Focus on Mexico A Man’s Life, a Woman’s Place 218 Gender Equality and 227 Contents vii
Focus on Japan Japanese Women: Changing Butterflies in a Changing Society 231 Chapter 8 Crime, Deviance, and Social Control 238 Deviance: A Sociological View 241 Theories of Crime and Deviance 245 Biological Explanations 245 Sociological Perspectives Ourselves and Others Crime in the Global Village 246 251 Deviant and Criminal Behavior 255 How Much Deviance? 255 The Offenders 257 Sexual Deviance 258 Violence 262 White-Collar Crime 265 Abuse 266 Crime in the Third World 268 Drug Focus on Mexico Crime and Deviance in Mexico: The Cure Is Worse Than the Disease 270 Focus on Japan Crime and Deviance in Japan: Youthful Rebellion in a Peaceful Society 273 Chapter 9 Marriage and the Family 280 The Family in America·. A Brief History 284 Theoretical Perspectives 285 Functionalist Theory Love, Marriage, Marriage Children and 285 Conflict Theory 286 Divorce American Style 287 289 293 Divorce 290 Why Marriages Fail 292 Ourselves and Others War, Mass Rape, and the Family 300 Divorce and Single-Parent Families 295 Gay Families 297 Violence in the Child Abuse Family 3 01 302 Battered Women 303 Abused Husbands 304 The Family and Modernization 305 The Impact of Industrialization 307 The Developing World 307 Focus on Mexico The Mexican Family: Anchoring the Past, Harboring the Future 308 Focus on Japan Marriage in Japan: “Let’s Make a Deal” 312 Chapter 10 Education and Religion 318 Education as a Social Institution 321 Theoretical Interpretations of Education 321 The U.S. Educational System 327 Problems and Proposals in U.S. Education 330 Ourselves and Others Peru’s Rebels Find Poor Schools
a Rich Source of Indoctrination 333 Religion as a Social Institution 334 Theoretical Perspectives on Religion 335 Religion in the United States: From Puritans to Televangelists 337 Religion and Modernization 342 viii Contents
Focus on Mexico Religion in Mexico: God and Political Power 346 Focus on Japan Religion in Japan: Many Gods But Little Faith 348 Chapter 11 EconomyandPolitics 354 Economy as a Social Institution 357 Theoretical Interpretations of the Economy 357 Types of Economies 358 The U.S. Economic System 360 “Haves” and “Have Nots” in the International Marketplace 363 Politics as a Social Institution 375 Theoretical Interpretations of Political Institutions 376 The U.S. Political System 378 Ourselves and Others Alarm Bell for Third-World Democracies 383 Г Chapter 12 Politics in a Changing World 385 Focus on Mexico The Mexican Political System; A State of Siege 390 Focus on Japan Japanese Politics: The Emperor Is Dead; Long Live the State 394 Population 400 Fertility 403 Fertility Measures 404 Mortality 405 The Specter of AIDS 406 Social and Environmentally Related Diseases 407 Mortality Measures 408 Social Correlates of Mortality 409 Health Care in the United States 411 Health Care in the Developing World 415 Migration 416 Internal versus International Migration 416 Illegal Immigration 417 Population Composition 418 Sex Ratio 418 Age/Sex or Population Pyramid 420 Population of the United States 421 World Population 423 Malthus and Marx 425 Ourselves and Others The Anatomy of Starvation The Demographic Transition 427 Overpopulation 431 Controlling Fertility 435 The Politics of Food 437 427 Underpopulation 429 Problems of ; ՛ Focus on Mexico Population Growth in a Developing Nation 439 Focus on Japan Growing Slow, Growing Old 441 Chapter 13 Urbanization 446 Early Cities 448 Preindustrial
Cities 449 Cities in the Modern World 450 Contents ix
Human Ecology and the City 452 The Concentric Zone Model Nuclei Model 452 The Sector Modei The Multiple 454 454 and Back 454 Gentrification and Exurbanization From Jamestown to Manhattan Suburbanization 455 45Ó Sunbelt Cities 457 Winter Cities 462 The Metropolitan Transition 463 Urban Composition and Lifestyles 464 Early Theorists 464 Contemporary Theorists 465 Urban Problems 466 Urban Poverty 466 Urban Explosion in What Causes Urban Poverty? Urban Riots 469 470 Developing Nations 471 Ourselves and Others Surviving in the Streets of a Third World City Hell Is a City 475 □ Focus on Mexico Mexico City: Mega City, Mega Problems Focus on Japan Tokyo: No Longer a Rose 474 478 481 Chapter 14 Modernization 486 Modern Individuals 489 Modernization and Religion 490 Modernization Theories 491 Evolutionary Models 491 Impact of Classical Theorists 492 Rostow’s Take-Off Model 493 Criticisms of Evolutionary Models 494 World System Theory 496 Immanuel Wallerstein and His Followers 497 Colonialism and Modernization 499 Overspecialization 500 Internal System of Stratification 501 Criticism of World System Theory 501 Women in the Third World 502 Ourselves and Others For Sale: The Poor’s Body Parts 503 Education 504 Reproductive Capacity and Control 505 Political Sphere 506 Effects of Modernization 506 Problems and Solutions 507 Corruption 507 Economic Strategies 508 Distribution of Wealth 509 The Political Sphere 510 The International Context 511 Sustainable Development 513 ’ Focus on Mexico Modernization and Maquiladoras 516 Focus on Japan The Birth of an Economic Superpower Glossary 526
References 536 Name Index 560 Subject Index 563 x Contents 520
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| index_date | 2024-09-19T15:01:35Z |
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| isbn | 0205152937 |
| language | English |
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| spellingShingle | Bryjak, George J. Soroka, Michael P. Sociology cultural diversity in a changing world Sociology Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 gnd |
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| title | Sociology cultural diversity in a changing world |
| title_auth | Sociology cultural diversity in a changing world |
| title_exact_search | Sociology cultural diversity in a changing world |
| title_full | Sociology cultural diversity in a changing world George J. Bryjak ; Michael P. Soroka |
| title_fullStr | Sociology cultural diversity in a changing world George J. Bryjak ; Michael P. Soroka |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sociology cultural diversity in a changing world George J. Bryjak ; Michael P. Soroka |
| title_short | Sociology |
| title_sort | sociology cultural diversity in a changing world |
| title_sub | cultural diversity in a changing world |
| topic | Sociology Soziologie (DE-588)4077624-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sociology Soziologie |
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