Symbiotic N2-fixation of crop legumes achievements and perspectives
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Weikersheim
Margraf
1994
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| Schriftenreihe: | Hohenheim tropical agricultural series
2 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Hansen, Alexander P. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Symbiotic N2-fixation of crop legumes |b achievements and perspectives |c Alexander P. Hansen. [Ed.: Centre for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim. Managing ed.: Dietrich E. Leihner] |
| 264 | 1 | |a Weikersheim |b Margraf |c 1994 | |
| 300 | |a VIII, 248 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Hohenheim tropical agricultural series |v 2 | |
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 186 - 239 S. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Nitrogen |x Fixation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Symbiosis | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-TUM_call_number | 1002 BIO 284f 10.1994 A 1156 |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-TUM_katkey | 627269 |
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| _version_ | 1820800267762794496 |
| adam_text | Ill
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements.........................................................................VI
Preface..........................................................................................VII
Abbreviations...............................................................................VIII
Part 1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................x
1.1 Atmospheric N2...................................................................1
1.2 Non-Biological Forms of N2 Fixation......................................1
1.3 Biological Forms of N2 Fixation............................................4
1.4 N2 Fixation in Natural Ecosystems......................................10
1.5 N2 Fixation in Forestry and Recultivation.............................12
1.6 N2 Fixation in Agriculture..................................................14
Part 2 N2 FIXATION OF THE LEGUMINOSAE.................16
2.1 The Microsymbiont.............................................................16
2.1.1 Introduction...........................................................16
2.1.2 Surface Properties..................................................18
2.1.3 Effectivity of Rhizobia and Survival in the Soil............20
2.2 The Macrosymbiont...........................................................26
2.3 Nodulation........................................................................29
2.3.1 Recognition and Attachment of Rhizobia...................31
2.3.2 Root Infection.........................................................36
2.3.3 Autoregulation.......................................................50
2.4 Different Forms of Nodules.................................................53
2.4.1 Determinate Nodules..............................................56
2.4.2 Indeterminate Nodules...........................................59
2.5 Metabolism of N2 Fixation...................................................60
2.5.1 The Enzyme Nitrogenase.........................................60
2.5.2 H2 Production........................................................64
2.5.3 The Oxygen Paradox...............................................66
2.5.3.1 Endosymbiont Controlled Regulatory
Mechanisms.........................................................68
2.5.3.2 Physiological Adaptations of the Host.............70
2.5.3.3 Morphological Adaptations of the Host...........74
2.5.4 Ammonia Assimilation...........................................76
IV
2.6 Influence of the Environment...............................................79
2.6.1 Nutrient Requirements............................................80
2.6.2 SoilpH...................................................................89
2.6.3 Temperature...........................................................91
2.6.4 Soil Moisture..........................................................92
2.6.5. Salinity..................................................................95
2.6.6 Presence of Compatible Rhizobia..............................96
Part 3 ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES FOR N2
FIXATION...................................................................................96
3.1 Introduction.......................................................................98
3.2 Direct Methods.................................................................100
3.2.1 Stable Isotope Techniques.......................................100
3.2.1.1 Methodology for 15N Analyses......................100
3.2.1.2 Utilisation of 15N2.......................................102
3.2.1.3 15N Dilution Measurements........................103
3.2.1.4 15N Natural Abundance Measurements.......109
3.2.2 The Nitrogen-Difference Method..............................115
3.2.2.1 Basis of the Technique................................115
3.2.2.2 Applicability..............................................115
3.3 Indirect Methods..................................................................117
3.3.1 Xylem Solute Technique.........................................117
3.3.1.1 The Principle Behind the Technique.............117
3.3.1.2 Collection of N-Solutes................................124
3.3.1.3 Advantages and Drawbacks of the Xylem
Sap Technique.....................................................126
3.3.2 The Acetylene Reduction Assay...............................128
3.3.2.1 Introduction..............................................128
3.3.2.2 The Principle Behind the Technique.............128
3.3.2.3 Analysis of Ethylene by Gas
Chromatography.................................................131
3.3.2.4 Incubation Techniques...............................132
3.3.2.5 Calibrations of Acetylene Reduction
Assays................................................................136
3.3.2.6 Merits and Problems of Acetylene
Reduction Assays.................................................138
3.3.2.7 Alternative Procedures to Measure N2
Fixation...............................................................139
3.3.2.8 Conclusions...............................................141
Part 4 SUPERNODULATING LEGUMES.............................144
4.1 Introduction.....................................................................144
4.2 General Characteristics....................................................146
4.3 Symbiotic Performance and the Effect of Nitrate...................149
4.4 Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism.......................................154
4.4.1 Introduction.........................................................154
4.4.2 Nodules as Sinks for Carbon and Nitrogen...............155
4.4.3 The Significance of Recently Fixed Carbon...............159
4.4.4 Effects of Irradiance..............................................162
4.4.5 Does Fruit Production Affect N2 Fixation?................163
4.4.6 Agricultural Value of the Supernodulation
Character.....................................................................165
Part 5 MEANS TO IMPROVE N2 FIXATION.......................167
5.1 Introduction.....................................................................167
5.2 Current Approaches.........................................................168
5.2.1 General Aspects....................................................168
5.2.2 Inoculant Production.............................................170
5.2.3 Types of Inoculant and their Application..................171
5.2.4 How Successful Can Inoculation be in the Field?.......174
5.2.5 Production of Superior Rhizobia..............................175
5.2.6 Production of Superior Legumes...............................176
5.2.7 Environmental Limitations......................................179
5.3 Potential for Future Benefits...............................................181
5.3.1 Common Considerations........................................181
5.3.2 Future Research Priorities.....................................182
References......................................................................................186
Subject Index..................................................................................240
Appendices.....................................................................................246
Appendix 1............................................................................246
Appendix 2............................................................................247
Appendix 3............................................................................248
|
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| indexdate | 2024-12-23T13:30:49Z |
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| language | English |
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| physical | VIII, 248 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1994 |
| publishDateSearch | 1994 |
| publishDateSort | 1994 |
| publisher | Margraf |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Hohenheim tropical agricultural series |
| series2 | Hohenheim tropical agricultural series |
| spellingShingle | Hansen, Alexander P. Symbiotic N2-fixation of crop legumes achievements and perspectives Hohenheim tropical agricultural series Legumes Nitrogen Fixation Symbiosis Hülsenfrüchtler (DE-588)4026066-5 gnd Hülsenfrucht (DE-588)4020803-5 gnd Stickstofffixierung (DE-588)4183273-5 gnd Symbiose (DE-588)4136029-1 gnd Stickstofffixierende Bakterien (DE-588)4270189-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4026066-5 (DE-588)4020803-5 (DE-588)4183273-5 (DE-588)4136029-1 (DE-588)4270189-2 (DE-588)4014954-7 |
| title | Symbiotic N2-fixation of crop legumes achievements and perspectives |
| title_auth | Symbiotic N2-fixation of crop legumes achievements and perspectives |
| title_exact_search | Symbiotic N2-fixation of crop legumes achievements and perspectives |
| title_full | Symbiotic N2-fixation of crop legumes achievements and perspectives Alexander P. Hansen. [Ed.: Centre for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim. Managing ed.: Dietrich E. Leihner] |
| title_fullStr | Symbiotic N2-fixation of crop legumes achievements and perspectives Alexander P. Hansen. [Ed.: Centre for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim. Managing ed.: Dietrich E. Leihner] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symbiotic N2-fixation of crop legumes achievements and perspectives Alexander P. Hansen. [Ed.: Centre for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim. Managing ed.: Dietrich E. Leihner] |
| title_short | Symbiotic N2-fixation of crop legumes |
| title_sort | symbiotic n2 fixation of crop legumes achievements and perspectives |
| title_sub | achievements and perspectives |
| topic | Legumes Nitrogen Fixation Symbiosis Hülsenfrüchtler (DE-588)4026066-5 gnd Hülsenfrucht (DE-588)4020803-5 gnd Stickstofffixierung (DE-588)4183273-5 gnd Symbiose (DE-588)4136029-1 gnd Stickstofffixierende Bakterien (DE-588)4270189-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Legumes Nitrogen Fixation Symbiosis Hülsenfrüchtler Hülsenfrucht Stickstofffixierung Symbiose Stickstofffixierende Bakterien Entwicklungsländer |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006384060&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV006188976 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hansenalexanderp symbioticn2fixationofcroplegumesachievementsandperspectives |