Pension schemes in the making a comparative study of the Scandinavian countries
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Helsinki
Hakapaino Oy
1993
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| Schriftenreihe: | Central Pension Security Institute <Helsinki>: Studies
1993,2 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819682931322388480 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Kari Salminen
PENSION SCHEMES
IN THE MAKING
A Comparative Study
of the Scandinavian Countries
THE CENTRAL
PENSION SECURITY INSTITUTE
Studies 1993:2
CONTENTS
Preface 13
Section 1: The Context of Pension Policy 19
Chapter 1:
The Social Structures of the Scandinavian Countries 19
1 The Agricultural Revolution and the Start of the
Industrialization 19
2 Sectoral Development 22
3 Economic Growth and Industrial Establishments 33
4 Population Changes 38
Chapter 2:
Economic and Political Organization of Social Classes in the
Scandinavian Countries 43
1 The Class Structures of the Scandinavian Countries - The
Tripolar Class Structure of the Scandinavian Nations and the
Challenge of the Middle Classes - 44
2 The Economic Organization of Classes 47
2 1 Blue-Collar Workers Organization 50
Organizations 50
The Development of the Unionization and the
Membership of the LOs 53
Relations to the Employers Confederations 56
Trade Union Movement and Political Parties 59
2 2 White-Collar Workers Organization 60
Organizations 60
Unionization 65
White-Collar Workers Federations, the LOs and Political
Organizations 66
2 3 Employers Organizations 67
2 4 Farmers Organization 70
Organizations 70
Membership of Farmers Organizations and Unionization
Rate 73
Farmers Organization and Political Organizations 75
3 The Political Organization of Classes 78
3 1 Conservative and Liberal Parties 79
Conservative Parties 80
Liberal Parties 84
3 2 Agrarian Parties 85
3 3 Labour Parties 91
Social Democratic Parties 91
The Parties of the Radical Left 102
4 The Scandinavian Power Structures: the Inter-Linkages between
the Economic and Political Organizations 106
Section 2: Hypotheses and Research Problems 113
Chapter 1:
Earlier Efforts to Interpret Scandinavian Pension Policy 113
1 Determination of the Welfare State: Theories and Interpretations 114
1 1 The Impact of Social Democracy 116
1 2 The Impact of Other Class Actors 118
1 3 Alternative Interpretations 128
2 Conclusion 134
Chapter 2:
Research Problems 137
1 Conceptualization of Pension Schemes 137
1 1 Pension Provision - a Typology of Pension Models 138
1 2 Administration 145
1 3 Financing of Pensions 147
2 Similarities and Differences of the Scandinavian Statutory
Pension Schemes 150
2 1 Provision 151
2 2 Administration and Financing 156
2 3 Conclusions and Research Problems 159
Section 3: The Making of Scandinavian Pension Schemes in the
Postwar Period 163
Chapter 1:
The Consolidation of the Citizenship Model 163
1 Sweden 163
2 Denmark 169
3 Norway 177
4 Finland 184
5 Comparative Analysis 191
Chapter 2:
The Breakthrough of the Work Performance Model 205
1 Sweden 206
1 1 Supplementary Pensions as a Semi-Technical Labour
Market Issue 207
First Commissions 209
Employers Pension Proposal 211
1 2 The Partisan Politics Takes Over 213
The Referendum 217
Approval of the Social Democratic Pension Proposal 220
The Supplementary Pension Prelude 221
1 3 Class Distinction Returning 223
1 4 Sweden and Pension Reforms in Other Scandinavian
Countries 228
2 Finland 231
2 1 The Supplementary Pensions 232
The Commission Proposal 232
Parliamentary Motions 237
2 2 Citizenship against Work Performance 240
Survivors Pensions and Pensions for Farmers and Other
Self-Employed Persons 240
The Historical Compromise of the Finnish Pension
Schemes 243
2 3 The Interest Groups and Pension Policy in Finland 246
3 Denmark 255
3 1 The Establishment of the Supplementary Pension Scheme
for the Labour Market 256
The Proposal of State Committee 257
The Parliamentary Decision 260
3 2 The Proposal for the Work Performance Model 261
3 3 Later Efforts to Establish the Work Performance Model 267
The Reform Fund for Future Supplementary Pensions 268
Proposal of the New State Committee 269
3 4 The Interest Groups and Pension Policy in Denmark 271
4 Norway 279
4 1 Supplementary Pensions through Group Pension Plans 281
4 2 The Parties Take Stands 283
4 3 The Committee Report on Supplementary Pensions 285
4 4 Changes in Parties Decisive Positions 288
Disagreement oh Financing 291
4 5 The Interest Groups and Pension Policy in Norway 293
Section 4: The Comparative Evidence 301
Chapter 1:
Similarities and Differences in the Pension Policy Profiles of the
Major Interest Groups in Scandinavia 301
1 Sweden 302
2 Finland 309
3 Denmark 317
4 Norway 324
Chapter 2:
Class Actors and Class Coalitions in the Making of the
Scandinavian Pension Schemes 335
1 Class Actors 335
1 1 Conservatives - Middle Classes and Entrepreneurs 335
1 2 Agrarian Parties - in Defence of Farmers 339
1 3 Social Democrats - Working Class 342
2 Coalitions 350
Chapter 3:
Classes and Pension Policy: Lessons from the Scandinavian Case 357
1 The Merits and Limits of the Structural-Functional View 357
2 Structural-Political View 358
Impact of Social Democracy 359
Class Coalitions 364
Agrarian Impacts 366
Conservative Impacts 368
3 Political Factors 371
4 Institutional Factors 373
Political Learning 375
Bibliography 379
List of Abbreviations 408
List of Figures
1 Sectoral Distribution of the Economically Active Population in
the Scandinavian Countries, 1880-1980 22
2 The Model of Tripolar Class Structure in Scandinavia 45
3 Membership of the National Blue-Collar Workers Federations
and Union Density of Blue-Collar Workers in the Scandinavian
Countries, 1900-1975 54
4 Union Density of White-Collar Workers in the Scandinavian
Countries, 1910-1975 65
5 Membership of the National Farmers Unions and Union Density
of Farmers in the Scandinavian Countries, 1945-1985 74
6 The Shares of the Conservative Parties and the Liberal Parties
of Valid Votes Cast in Parliamentary Elections in the
Scandinavian Countries, 1915-1985 82
7 The Shares of the Agrarian Parties of Valid Votes Cast in
Parliamentary Elections in the Scandinavian Countries,
1915-1985 90
8 The Shares of the Social Democratic Parties and the Communist
Parties of Valid Votes Cast in Parliamentary Elections in the
Scandinavian Countries, 1915-1985 98
9 Compensation Profile of Supplementary and Group Pension
Schemes in Sweden, 1985 227
List of Tables
1 Population Living in Cities with more than 100 000 Inhabitants
as a Percentage of the Total Population in the Scandinavian
Countries and West European Average, 1890-1970 25
2 GDP Per Capita in International Dollars in the Scandinavian
Countries, United Kingdom and Average of Sixteen Developed
Countries, 1900-1987 (1980 prices) 34
3 The Relative Distribution of Employees by Size of Industrial
Establishments in the Scandinavian Countries 1958, 1973 and
4 The Share of Population under 15 years as a Percentage of the
Total Population in the Scandinavian Countries and West
European Average, 1890-1987 39
5 The Share of Population over 65 years as a Percentage of the
Total Population in the Scandinavian Countries and West
European Average, 1890-1987 40
6 The Years of Founding and Membership of National
Blue-Collar Federations in the Scandinavian Countries 51
7 The Relative Strike Involvement in the Scandinavian Countries,
1900-1976 58
8 The Central Organizations of White-Collar Unions and
Academics and their Membership in 1984 61
9 The Years of Founding of the Scandinavian Employers
Confederations and Wage Earners Employed by their Members
in 1984 68
10 The Major Organizations of Agricultural Producers in the
Scandinavian Countries and their Membership in 1984 70
11 Economic Organization of Classes in Scandinavia 77
12 The Scandinavian Party Systems, 1945-1970 79
13 The Timing of Universal Suffrage, Parliamentarism and the
Years of Founding of the Scandinavian Conservative Parties 80
14 The Years of Founding of the Scandinavian Liberal Parties 84
15 The Years of Founding of the Scandinavian Agrarian Parties 85
16 Milestones of the Scandinavian Labour Parties 91
17 Parties in Government in Scandinavia, 1920-1980 94
18 Social Structure and Interest Articulation in Scandinavia 109
19 Pension Models 142
20 The Relative Distribution of Old-Age and Disability Pension
Expenditure on Different Pension Models in the Scandinavian
Countries in 1985 153
21 The Relative Distribution of Financial Responsibility in the
Scandinavian National and Supplementary Pension Schemes,
22 Major Similarities and Differences of the Scandinavian
Statutory Old-Age Pension Schemes 159
23 The Scandinavian National Pension Schemes in the early 1940s
and their Change up to the late 1950s 192
24 The Position of the Scandinavian Conservative Parties to the
National Pension Reform 194
25 The Position of the Scandinavian Agrarian Parties to the
National Pension Reform 196
26 The Position of the Scandinavian Social Democratic Parties to
the National Pension Reform 199
27 The Position of the Scandinavian Communist Parties to the
National Pension Reform 202
28 Main Events in Pension Policy in Sweden between 1944 and
29 The Positions of the Major Interest Groups in Swedish Pension
Policy between 1950 and 1975 229
30 Main Events in Pension Policy in Finland between 1955 and
31 The Positions of the Major Interest Groups in Finnish Pension
Policy between 1956 and 1976 247
32 Main Events in Pension Policy in Denmark between 1956 and
33 The Positions of the Major Interest Groups in Danish Pension
Policy between 1956 and 1981 272
34 Main Events in Pension Policy in Norway between 1952 and
35 The Positions of the Major Interest Groups in Norwegian
Pension Policy between 1956 and 1967 294
36 Pension Policy Profiles of the Major Interest Groups in Sweden
during the Postwar Period 303
37 Pension Policy Profiles of the Major Interest Groups in Finland
during the Postwar Period 310
38 Pension Policy Profiles of the Major Interest Groups in
Denmark during the Postwar Period 317
39 Pension Policy Profiles of the Major Interest Groups in Norway
during the Postwar Period 325
40 Pension Policy Profiles of the Scandinavian Conservative
Parties 336
41 Pension Policy Profiles of the Scandinavian Agrarian Parties 339
42 Pension Policy Profiles of the Scandinavian Social Democratic
Parties 342
43 Political Coalitions in Postwar Pension Policy in the
Scandinavian Countries 350
|
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| id | DE-604.BV009296506 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T13:10:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9529639139 |
| language | English |
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| series | Central Pension Security Institute <Helsinki>: Studies |
| series2 | Central Pension Security Institute <Helsinki>: Studies |
| spellingShingle | Salminen, Kari Pension schemes in the making a comparative study of the Scandinavian countries Central Pension Security Institute <Helsinki>: Studies Altersversorgung (DE-588)4001479-4 gnd Rentenversicherung (DE-588)4049507-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4001479-4 (DE-588)4049507-3 (DE-588)4055209-3 (DE-588)4042530-7 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Pension schemes in the making a comparative study of the Scandinavian countries |
| title_auth | Pension schemes in the making a comparative study of the Scandinavian countries |
| title_exact_search | Pension schemes in the making a comparative study of the Scandinavian countries |
| title_full | Pension schemes in the making a comparative study of the Scandinavian countries Kari Salminen |
| title_fullStr | Pension schemes in the making a comparative study of the Scandinavian countries Kari Salminen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pension schemes in the making a comparative study of the Scandinavian countries Kari Salminen |
| title_short | Pension schemes in the making |
| title_sort | pension schemes in the making a comparative study of the scandinavian countries |
| title_sub | a comparative study of the Scandinavian countries |
| topic | Altersversorgung (DE-588)4001479-4 gnd Rentenversicherung (DE-588)4049507-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Altersversorgung Rentenversicherung Skandinavien Nordische Staaten Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006186464&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV009296497 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT salminenkari pensionschemesinthemakingacomparativestudyofthescandinaviancountries |