The reclamation of former coal mines and steelworks
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam u.a.
Elsevier
1993
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in environmental science
56 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The reclamation of former coal mines and steelworks |c I. G. Richards ; J. P. Palmer ; P. A. Barratt |
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam u.a. |b Elsevier |c 1993 | |
| 300 | |a XXXII, 718 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Studies in environmental science |v 56 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Abandoned mined lands reclamation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Coal mines and mining |x Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Reclamation of land | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Revegetation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Steel-works |x Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Bergwerk |0 (DE-588)4122070-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Stahlwerk |0 (DE-588)4182861-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Richards, I. G. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Palmer, J. P. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Barratt, P. A. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Studies in environmental science |v 56 |w (DE-604)BV000000207 |9 56 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m OEBV Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005889779&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819641612395872256 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS CONTENTS VII PREFACE XXIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XXV USE OF THE BOOK
XXIX 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 COAL AND STEEL IN EUROPE 2 1.1.1 COAL 2 1.1.2
STEEL 6 LI.3 THE EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY (ECSC) 9 1.2 THE ROLE
OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 10 1.3 DERELICT
LAND ARISING FROM THE COAL AND STEEL INDUSTRIES 12 1.3.1 THE SCALE AND
NATURE OF DERELICTION 12 1.3.2 DERELICTION IN INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES 13
1.3.3 FUTURE TRENDS 22 1.4 THE STIMULUS FOR RECLAMATION 23 1.5
RECLAMATION STRATEGY 24 1.6 THE EXPERIENCE OF RECLAMATION IN WALES 26 2
SITE ASSESSMENT 31 2.1 INTRODUCTION 32 2.2 PRELIMINARY PLANNING 32 2.3
DESK STUDY AND PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS 34 2.4 DETAILED INVESTIGATIONS
37 2.4.1 INTRODUCTION 37 2.4.2 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY 37 2.4.3 ECOLOGICAL
SURVEY 38 2.4.4 VISUAL ASSESSMENT 38 2.4.5 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF
BUILDINGS 42 2.4.6 GROUND CONDITIONS 42 2.5 TECHNIQUES OF GROUND
INVESTIGATION 44 2.5.1 TRIAL PITS 44 2.5.2 BOREHOLES 45 2.5.3 SOIL
PROBES 52 2.5.4 GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES 52 2.6 INVESTIGATION OF
CONTAMINATION 54 2.6.1 NATURE OF CONTAMINATION 54 2.6.2 SAMPLING
STRATEGY 55 2.6.3 SAMPLE COLLECTION 61 2.6.4 ANALYSIS 64 2.6.5
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 66 2.7 ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL
VALUE 73 2.8 RECLAMATION PROPOSALS 74 3 INVESTIGATION AND TREATMENT OF
MINE WORKINGS AND UNSTABLE GROUND 79 3.1 INTRODUCTION 81 3.2 CAUSES AND
EFFECTS OF MINING SUBSIDENCE 82 3.2.1 FACTORS AFFECTING SUBSIDENCE 82
3.2.2 BELL PITS 84 3.2.3 ROOM AND PILLAR WORKINGS 84 3.2.4 DRIFT MINING
88 3.2.5 LONGWALL MINING 88 3.2.6 SHAFTS 90 3.2.7 ADITS 93 3.2.8
OPENCAST MINING 93 3.2.9 SUBSIDENCE DAMAGE TO STRUCTURES 94 3.3
INVESTIGATION OF MINE WORKINGS 96 3.3.1 REQUIREMENT FOR INVESTIGATION 96
3.3.2 ARCHIVAL SEARCH 98 3.3.3 WALK-OVER SURVEY 98 3.3.4 DESK STUDY 98
3.3.5 MINING INVESTIGATION 99 3.3.6 INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUES FOR MINE
WORKINGS 99 INVESTIGATION OF SHAFTS AND ADITS 102 1 SHAFTS 102 2 ADITS
102 3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 104 TREATMENT OF SHALLOW WORKINGS, SHAFTS AND
ADITS .... 105 1 OPTIONS FOR TREATMENT 105 2 GROUTING OF OPEN WORKINGS
106 3 GROUTING OF COLLAPSED WORKINGS 108 4 TREATMENT OF ABANDONED SHAFTS
108 5 TREATMENT OF ADITS 114 METHODS OF MINIMISING SUBSIDENCE DAMAGE 116
1 NEW STRUCTURES AFFECTED BY CONTEMPORARY LONGWALL WORKINGS 116 2
EXISTING STRUCTURES AFFECTED BY CONTEMPORARY LONGWALL WORKINGS 118 3 NEW
STRUCTURES AFFECTED BY ABANDONED MINE WORKINGS . . 119 4 EXISTING
STRUCTURES AFFECTED BY ABANDONED MINE WORKINGS 119 5 HIGHWAY
CONSTRUCTION OVER ABANDONED MINE WORKINGS . . 120 DEMOLITION AND SITE
CLEARANCE 121 INTRODUCTION 122 COLLIERY SITE FEATURES 126 STEELWORKS
SITES FEATURES 129 SITE INVESTIGATIONS PRIOR TO DEMOLITION AND SITE
CLEARANCE 130 DEMOLITION WORKS 132 RECOVERY AND RECYCLING OF MATERIALS
136 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 137 RE-USE OF EXISTING BUILDINGS AND
STRUCTURES 139 COLLIERY SPOIL HEAP CHARACTERISTICS 143 INTRODUCTION 144
1 DEEP MINING 144 2 OPEN PIT MINING 146 IMPACT OF SPOIL HEAPS 147 5.3
SPOIL CHARACTERISTICS 147 5.3.1 HETEROGENEITY OF SPOIL MATERIAL 147
5.3.2 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPOIL . . . ., 148 5.3.3 PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPOIL 160 5.3.4 CALORIFIC VALUE 162 5.3.5 SURFACE
TEMPERATURE 163 5.4 COLLIERY SPOIL AS A SUBSTRATE FOR PLANT GROWTH 166
5.4.1 INTRODUCTION 166 5.4.2 ACIDITY 166 5.4.3 NITROGEN 166 5.5 NATURAL
VEGETATION ON COLLIERY SPOIL HEAPS 173 5.6 USE OF COLLIERY SPOIL 178 6
COLLIERY SPOIL HEAP STABILITY 183 6.1 INTRODUCTION 184 6.2 SPOIL AND TIP
CHARACTERISTICS 185 6.3 FACTORS AFFECTING STABILITY 188 6.4 MODES OF TIP
FAILURE 188 6.4.1 INTRODUCTION 188 6.4.2 ROTATIONAL SLIPS 191 6.4.3
SURFACE SLIPS 191 6.4.4 BIPLANAR SLIPS 192 6.4.5 FLOW SLIDES 192 6.4.6
PIPING FAILURE 192 6.4.7 CAVITATION COLLAPSE 193 6.4.8 MUD RUNS 193
6.4.9 SETTLEMENT AND HEAVE 194 6.5 INVESTIGATION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS
194 6.5.1 INTRODUCTION 194 6.5.2 INITIAL ASSESSMENT 195 6.5.3 OTHER
RELEVANT INFORMATION 196 6.5.4 STABILITY ANALYSIS 198 6.6 REMEDIAL
MEASURES ON EXISTING TIPS 200 0.6.I INTRODUCTION 200 6 6.2 PRECAUTIONARY
WORK 200 0.6.3 REMEDIAL WORKS 201 0.6.4 MAINTENANCE 205 6.7 CONSTRUCTION
METHODS FOR NEW TIPS AND THE RESHAPING OF EXISTING TIPS 206 0.7.1 DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS 206 0.7.2 METHOD OF PLACING SPOIL 207 6.7.3 TIP GEOMETRY
.207 0.7.4 LAGOON BANKS 207 0.7.5 DRAINAGE MEASURES 207 6.8 INSPECTIONS
210 7 COLLIERY SPOIL HEAP COMBUSTION 213 7.1 INTRODUCTION 214 7.2 CAUSES
OF COMBUSTION 217 7.2.1 FACTORS INVOLVED 217 7.2.2 SPONTANEOUS IGNITION
218 7.2.3 ACCIDENTAL IGNITION 219 7.3 HAZARDS 220 7.3.1 NOXIOUS GASES
220 7.3.2 SUBSIDENCE 220 7.3.3 COMBUSTION DAMAGE TO UNDERGROUND
STRUCTURES AND UTILITY SERVICES 222 7.3.4 RISK OF EXPLOSION 222 7.3.5
DUST 222 7.4 ASSESSMENT 223 7.4.1 INTRODUCTION 223 7.4.2 CALORIFIC VALUE
(CV) 223 7.4.3 LOSS ON IGNITION 223 7.4.4 COMBUSTION POTENTIAL TEST 224
7.4.5 CHANGE IN SITE CONDITIONS 224 7.4.6 TEMPERATURE MONITORING 224
7.4.7 SURFACE INDICATIONS 225 7.5 METHODS OF TREATMENT OF SPOIL HEAP
COMBUSTION .... 226 7.5.1 FACTORS DETERMINING TREATMENT METHOD 226 7.5.2
EXCAVATION 226 7.5.3 TRENCHING 227 7.5.4 BLANKETING 228 7.5.5 GROUTING
228 7.5.6 COMPACTION 228 7.5.7 NO ACTION 229 7.6 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 229
7.7 METHODS OF PREVENTION OF COMBUSTION 229 8 COLLIERY SPOIL WASHING 233
8.1 INTRODUCTION 234 8.2 CHARACTERISATION OF COLLIERY SPOIL FOR
FEASIBILITY OF COAL RECOVERY ) 235 8.2.1 PRODUCT QUALITY 235 8.2.2 TIP
MATERIAL 236 8.2.3 TAILINGS LAGOONS 241 8.3 COAL RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY 241
8.3.1 INTRODUCTION 241 8.3.2 FEED PREPARATION 243 8.3.3 COARSE-GRAINED
COAL RECOVERY 245 8.3.4 FINE-GRAINED COAL RECOVERY 246 8.3.5
SOLID/LIQUID SEPARATION 249 8.4 INFRASTRUCTURE 250 9 STEEL INDUSTRY RAW
MATERIALS AND WASTES 253 9.1 IRON AND STEEL MAKING 254 9.1.1 IRON AND
STEEL 254 9.1.2 IRON ORE 254 9.1.3 IRON SMELTING 255 9.1.4 IRON CASTING
260 9.1.5 STEEL MAKING 260 9.1.6 PROCESSING OF STEEL 263 9.1.7
INTEGRATED STEEL WORKS 265 4 .2 WASTES FROM IRON AND STEEL MAKING 266 {
.2A INTRODUCTION 266 ( .2.2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SLAGS 266 L .2.3
SLAGS AS A SUBSTRATE FOR PLANT GROWTH 271 * .2.4 ASSESSMENT OF SLAGS 273
*).2.5 LEACHING OF METALS FROM SLAGS 275 ( ).2.6 FLUE DUSTS 277 ( .2.7
OTHER WASTES 278 10 COAL CARBONISATION 281 10.1 INTRODUCTION 282 10.1.1
COKE, COAL GAS AND SMOKELESS FUEL 282 10.1.2 THE CARBONISATION PROCESS
283 10.1.3 BY-PRODUCTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 284 10.2 NATURE
OF BY-PRODUCTS AND WASTES 286 10.2.1 INTRODUCTION 286 10.2.2 LIQUID
EFFLUENT 286 10.2.3 TARS 289 10.2.4 SPENT OXIDE 291 10.2.5 ACIDIC
SLUDGES 292 10.2.6 BENZOLE 293 10.2.7 COAL AND COKE 293 10.3 BACKGROUND
LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION 294 10.4 STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS ON SITE 295
10.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION 296 10.5.1 INTRODUCTION 296 10.5.2
GROUNDWATER QUALITY 297 10.5.3 DIRECT TOXICITY 300 10.6 RECLAMATION OF
COAL CARBONISATION FACILITIES 302 11 THE TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED SOILS
305 11.1 INTRODUCTION 307 11.1.1 CONTAMINATED SOIL IN EUROPE 307 11.1.2
THE OPTIONS AVAILABLE 308 11.1.3 EUROPEAN COMMUNITY DIRECTIVES ON WASTE
312 11.2 REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED MATERIALS .... 314 11.2.1
LANDFILL - PAST AND PRESENT 314 11.2.2 HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILLING IN
EUROPE 314 11.2.3 CONTAINMENT PRACTICES 316 11.2.4 LANDFILL GAS AND
LEACHATE 317 11.2.5 RECLAMATION AND DISPOSAL 318 11.3 IN SITU ISOLATION
TECHNIQUES 319 11.3.1 BARRIERS TO POLLUTION 319 11.3.2 GEOSYNTHETIC
MEMBRANES 320 11.3.3 SHEET PILES 322 11.3.4 SLURRY WALLS AND GROUTED
BARRIERS 322 11.3.5 TRENCH SYSTEMS 324 11.3.6 COSTS VERSUS EFFECTIVENESS
325 11.4 SITE COVER SYSTEMS 327 11.4.1 INTRODUCTION 327 11.4.2 CAPPING
LAYER 328 11.4.3 BREAK LAYERS 331 11.5 GROUTED HORIZONTAL BARRIERS 332
11.6 TOTAL CONTAINMENT 332 11.7 THERMAL TECHNIQUES OF DECONTAMINATION .
333 11.7.1 TYPES OF THERMAL TREATMENT 333 11.7.2 INCINERATION 334 11.7.3
TWO-STAGE THERMAL TREATMENT 335 11.7.4 VITRIFICATION 336 11.7.5
APPLICATION AND COST 337 11.8 NON-DESTRUCTIVE DECONTAMINATION TECHNIQUES
338 11.8.1 INTRODUCTION 338 11.8.2 SOLIDIFICATION AND STABILISATION 340
11.8.3 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT 343 11.8.4 SEPARATION 349 11.8.5 APPLICATION
AND INTEGRATION OF TECHNIQUES 355 11.9 STANDARDS AND OBJECTIVES FOR
DECONTAMINATION 357 1 1.9.1 CONSIDERATIONS 357 11.9.2 ANALYTICAL METHODS
359 11.9.3 SAMPLING REGIME 360 I I .9.4 MONITORING 362 11.9.5 VALIDATION
362 I 1.9.6 COSTS 363 12 WATER QUALITY 365 12.1 INTRODUCTION 366 12.2
WATER AND COAL MINING 366 12.2.1 TYPES OF WATER DISCHARGES 366 12.2.2
CAUSES OF POOR WATER QUALITY 369 12.2.3 ACID MINE DRAINAGE 370 12.3 WATE
R AND STEELMAKING . 374 12.4 ASSESSMENT 375 12.4.1 INTRODUCTION 375
12.4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF TARGET WATER BODIES 375 12.4.3 SENSITIVITY OF
TARGET WATER BODIES 378 12.4.4 EXISTING WATER QUALITY 378 12.4.5 WATER
POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF CONTAMINATED MATERIALS .... 379 12.5 CONTROL OF
WATER POLLUTION 380 12.5.1 SURFACE WATER 380 12.5.2 GROUNDWATER 381
12.5.3 CONTROL AND TREATMENT OF AMD 386 12.6 LEGISLATION AND STANDARDS
396 12.6.1 INTRODUCTION 396 12.6.2 DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES DIRECTIVES 396
12.6.3 DIRECTIVES SPECIFYING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 403 12.6.4 OTHER
STANDARDS 405 13 LANDFORM AND EARTHWORKS 413 13.1 INTRODUCTION 415 13.2
THE NEED FOR REMODELLING OF LANDFORMS 423 13.3 APPROACHES TO REMODELLING
LANDFORM 427 13.3.1 INTRODUCTION 427 13.3.2 MAJOR EARTHWORKS 429 13.3.3
UTILISING EXISTING SITE FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS 435 13.3.4 OTHER
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 437 13.4 CONSTRAINTS ON REMODELLING 438 13.4.1
INTRODUCTION 438 13.4.2 LAND 440 13.4.3 MATERIALS 441 13.4.4 RECLAMATION
TECHNIQUES 442 13.4.5 TIMING AND SEASON 442 13.4.6 AFTER-USE AND
MANAGEMENT 444 13.4.7 COSTS 444 13.5 THE DESIGN PROCESS 445 13.5.1
INTRODUCTION , 445 13.5.2 TEAM WORK 445 13.5.3 THE HOLISTIC APPROACH 446
13.5.4 DESIGN FOR AFTER-USE 447 13.5.5 EARTHWORKS DESIGN 448 13.5.6
IMPLEMENTATION 449 13.6 TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF LANDFORM REMODELLING 451
13.6.1 INTRODUCTION 451 13.6.2 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY 451 13.6.3 DRAINAGE
453 13.6.4 EROSION CONTROL AND STABILITY 459 13.6.5 SLOPE GRADIENTS 460
13.6.6 AESTHETICS 461 13.6.7 MICROCLIMATE 463 13.6.8 MATERIALS HANDLING
464 13.6.9 COMPACTION 466 13.6.10 GROUND IMPROVEMENT 469 13.6.11 VOLUMES
471 13.6.12 TIMING 472 13.6.13 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 472 13.6.14 RECORDS
472 14 THE ESTABLISHMENT AND CARE OF VEGETATION 475 14.1 INTRODUCTION
477 14.2 APPROACHES TO VEGETATION DESIGN 481 14.2.1 INTEGRATION WITH
LANDFORM DESIGN 481 14.2.2 NATURAL APPROACH TO REVEGETATION 482 14.3 THE
IMPLICATIONS OF SUBSTRATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR REVEGETATION 484 14.3.1
THE PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS 484 14.3.2 EXTREMES OF PH 484 14.3.3 LOW
NUTRIENT STATUS 486 14.3.4 LOW ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT 487 14.3.5
COARSE-GRAINED MATERIALS AND COMPACTION 489 14.3.6 INVASIVE AND
PERSISTENT WEEDS 491 14.4 THE TREATMENT OF SUBSTRATE CHARACTERISTICS 492
14.4.1 INTRODUCTION 492 14.4.2 DEEP CULTIVATION OR RIPPING 493 14.4.3
USE OF TOPSOIL AND SUBSOIL 496 14.4.4 USE OF COLLIERY SPOIL AS A COVER
MATERIAL 497 14.4.5 LIME TO CORRECT ACIDITY 499 14.4.6 SOURCES OF
NUTRIENTS AND ORGANIC MATTER 499 14.4.7 THE ROLE OF LEGUMES 502 14.4.8
MYCORRHIZAE 505 14.4.9 WATER-STORING POLYMERS 507 14.5 SPECIES SELECTION
507 14.5.1 SITE IMPROVEMENT WITH PIONEER CROPS 507 14.5.2 THE
PERFORMANCE OF VEGETATION 508 14.5.3 TOLERANCE 512 14.5.4 THE
IMPLICATIONS OF MANAGEMENT 514 14.6 SOWING AND PLANTING METHODS 514
14.6.1 INTRODUCTION 514 14.6.2 SOWING METHODS 514 14.6.3 SPECIALISED
TECHNIQUES 515 14.6.4 TREE PLANTING 518 14.6.5 TREE SHELTERS 518 14.6.6
WEED CONTROL 518 14.6.7 MULCHING 519 14.6.8 IRRIGATION 524 14.7 THE CARE
OF NEWLY ESTABLISHED VEGETATION 525 14.7.1 ESTABLISHMENT 525 14.7.2 WEED
CONTROL AND TREES 525 14.7.3 LIME REQUIREMENT 526 14.7.4 NUTRIENT
APPLICATIONS 527 14.7.5 GRAZING 528 15 MANAGEMENT OF RECLAIMED LAND 531
15.1 INTRODUCTION 533 15.1.1 DEFINITION 533 15.1.2 MANAGEMENT AND DESIGN
533 15.1.3 THE VALUE OF MANAGEMENT PLANS V 535 15.2 MANAGEMENT
ARRANGEMENTS 535 15.2.1 MANAGEMENT PLANNING 535 15.2.2 MANAGEMENT BY THE
PUBLIC AUTHORITY 536 15.2.3 MANAGEMENT BY THE PRIVATE SECTOR 536 15.2.4
MANAGEMENT BY VOLUNTARY AND NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS .536 15.2.5
MANAGEMENT THROUGH LEASE, LICENCE OR AGREEMENT 537 15.3 MANAGEMENT PLANS
539 15.3.1 DEFINITION 539 15.3.2 PLAN PREPARATION: NEW PROJECTS 541
15.3.3 PLAN PREPARATION: COMPLETED PROJECTS 541 15.3.4 MONITORING AND
REVIEW 541 15.4 SITE RECORDS AND REFERENCE MATERIAL 542 15.4.1 PURPOSE
542 15.4.2 MATERIAL FOR RETENTION 542 15.4.3 THE MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS
543 15.5 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT 544 15.5.1 REQUIREMENT AND PURPOSE 544
15.5.2 EXISTING VEGETATION 545 15.5.3 NATURALISTIC VEGETATION 545 15.5.4
GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT 545 15.5.5 AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT OF GRASSLAND 548
15.5.6 MANAGEMENT OF GRASSLAND FOR AMENITY PURPOSES 548 15.5.7
MANAGEMENT OF WOODLANDS 553 15.5.8 MANAGEMENT OF WETLANDS 554 15.6
MANAGEMENT OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES AND UTILITY SERVICES 554 15.6.1
INTRODUCTION 554 15.6.2 DRAINAGE 554 15.6.3 CONTAMINATED AREAS 556
15.6.4 STRUCTURES 556 15.6.5 SUBSIDENCE AND SETTLEMENT 556 15.7 THE
MANAGEMENT OF SITE USE 557 15.7.1 LITTER, RUBBISH TIPPING AND VANDALISM
557 15.7.2 PUBLIC SAFETY 558 15.7.3 PUBLIC ACCESS 558 15.7.4 WARDENING
AND SITE STAFF . 559 16 A FRAMEWORK FOR SITE REGENERATION 561 16.1 THE
CONCEPT OF FRAMEWORK 562 16.2 PLANNING FOR REGENERATION 564 16.2.1
INTRODUCTION 564 16.2.2 PRE-CLOSURE SCENARIOS 565 16.2.3 POST-CLOSURE
SCENARIOS 565 16.2.4 INVESTIGATION AND RECLAMATION 566 16.3 SITE
CLEAN-UP 567 16.3.1 PRESSURES FOR DECONTAMINATION 567 16.3.2
PUBLICLY-FUNDED RECLAMATION 568 16.3.3 INSURANCE 569 16.4 THE PRODUCT OF
RECLAMATION 569 17 CASE STUDIES 571 17.1 SCOTLAND 573 17.1.1
INTRODUCTION 573 17.1.2 EASTON BING 574 17.1.3 HALLSIDE 577 17.2 ENGLAND
581 17.2.1 INTRODUCTION 581 17.2.2 ORGREAVE 581 17.3 WALES 586 17.3.1
INTRODUCTION 586 17.3.2 THE NANTYGLO AND BLAINA VALLEY 587 17.3.3
BRYNBACH PARK 590 17.4 FRANCE 594 17.4.1 INTRODUCTION 594 17.4.2
LORRAINE 595 17.4.3 FALQUEMONT 597 17.4.4 MICHEVILLE 599 17.4.5
HOMECOURT 603 17.4.6 WINGLES 605 17.5 BELGIUM 1 609 17.5.1
INTRODUCTION 609 17.5.2 COLARD 610 17.5.3 ACIERIE L.D 611 17.6 ITALY
612 17.6.1 INTRODUCTION 612 17.6.2 STEEL SITES - GENERAL 613 17.6.3
SESTO SAN GIOVANNI, MILAN 614 17.6.4 PIETRAFITTA 616 17.6.5 SANTA
BARBARA 617 17.7 GERMANY - SAXONY (EASTERN LANDER) 617 17.7.1
INTRODUCTION 617 17.7.2 WITZNITZ 619 17.7.3 ESPENHAIN 620 17.7.4 GRODITZ
622 17.7.5 RIESA 624 17.8 GERMANY - THE RUHR (WESTERN LANDER) 627 17.8.1
INTRODUCTION 627 17.8.2 IBA EMSCHER PARK AND DUISBURG-NORD COUNTRY PARK
. . 627 17.8.3 SACHSEN MINE, HAMM 631 17.9 SPAIN 633 17.9.1 INTRODUCTION
633 17.9.2 IRON MINING - BASQUE COUNTRY 635 17.9.3 STEEL PRODUCING SITES
- BASQUE COUNTRY AND ASTURIAS . . . 637 REFERENCES 641 GLOSSARY 669
ABBREVIATIONS 691 INDEX 693
|
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| discipline | Allgemeines Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europa |
| id | DE-604.BV008931292 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T12:54:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0444817034 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005889779 |
| oclc_num | 29452921 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-634 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-634 DE-83 |
| physical | XXXII, 718 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1993 |
| publishDateSearch | 1993 |
| publishDateSort | 1993 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Studies in environmental science |
| series2 | Studies in environmental science |
| spellingShingle | The reclamation of former coal mines and steelworks Studies in environmental science Umwelt Abandoned mined lands reclamation Coal mines and mining Environmental aspects Reclamation of land Revegetation Steel-works Environmental aspects Bergwerk (DE-588)4122070-5 gnd Stahlwerk (DE-588)4182861-6 gnd Rekultivierung (DE-588)4049348-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4122070-5 (DE-588)4182861-6 (DE-588)4049348-9 (DE-588)4015701-5 |
| title | The reclamation of former coal mines and steelworks |
| title_auth | The reclamation of former coal mines and steelworks |
| title_exact_search | The reclamation of former coal mines and steelworks |
| title_full | The reclamation of former coal mines and steelworks I. G. Richards ; J. P. Palmer ; P. A. Barratt |
| title_fullStr | The reclamation of former coal mines and steelworks I. G. Richards ; J. P. Palmer ; P. A. Barratt |
| title_full_unstemmed | The reclamation of former coal mines and steelworks I. G. Richards ; J. P. Palmer ; P. A. Barratt |
| title_short | The reclamation of former coal mines and steelworks |
| title_sort | the reclamation of former coal mines and steelworks |
| topic | Umwelt Abandoned mined lands reclamation Coal mines and mining Environmental aspects Reclamation of land Revegetation Steel-works Environmental aspects Bergwerk (DE-588)4122070-5 gnd Stahlwerk (DE-588)4182861-6 gnd Rekultivierung (DE-588)4049348-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Umwelt Abandoned mined lands reclamation Coal mines and mining Environmental aspects Reclamation of land Revegetation Steel-works Environmental aspects Bergwerk Stahlwerk Rekultivierung Europa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005889779&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000000207 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT richardsig thereclamationofformercoalminesandsteelworks AT palmerjp thereclamationofformercoalminesandsteelworks AT barrattpa thereclamationofformercoalminesandsteelworks |