From the common market to EC 92 regional economic integration in the European Community and transnational corporations
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| Format: | Regierungsdokument Buch |
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| Sprache: | English |
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1993
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| Schriftenreihe: | United Nations publication
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a From the common market to EC 92 |b regional economic integration in the European Community and transnational corporations |c Transnational Corporations and Management Division, Department of Economic and Social Development |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York |b United Nations |c 1993 | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Economische integratie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Europese Unie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT |2 unbist | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Integración económica europea | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS |2 unbist | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819609951582027776 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE ... i
CHAPTERI. INTRODUCTION 1
A. Economic integration in the European Community and the activities of
transnational corporations: Mark I versus Mark II 1
B. Structure and main findings of this volume 3
CHAPTER II. THE EFFECTS OF INTEGRATION ON THE ACTIVITIES
OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE EUROPEAN
COMMUNITY: THEORY AND EMPIRICAL TESTS 7
A. Introduction 7
B. Theoretical aspects of the activities of transnational corporations and
regional economic integration 8
1. The theory of international integration 10
2. The theory of international production 10
C. A classification of the activities of transnational corporations
in the European Community 11
1. Foreign direct investment into and within the integrated region 11
2. Outward foreign direct investment from the region 14
D. European Community integration and foreign direct investment:
some empirical findings 14
1. United States investment in the European Community 14
(a) Did it increase after the formation of the
European Community? 14
(b) Did it increase as a result of European Community integration? .... 16
2. Intra European Community foreign direct investment 19
E. Implications of the theoretical and empirical work for the internal
market programme 23
CHAPTER IH. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT TO, WITHIN AND
FROM THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, 1957 1988 27
A. The first stage of Mark I integration: 1958 1972 28
1. The activities of transnational corporations in the European Community ... 28
(a) Flows of foreign direct investment 28
v
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
(b) Other measures of the activities of transnational corporations 31
(c) The increased location advantages of the European Community
for the activities of transnational corporations 33
2. Outward foreign direct investment from the European Community 35
B. The second phase of Mark I integration: 1973 to the mid 1980s 36
1. United States transnational corporations activities 36
(a) Stock of foreign direct investment 36
(b) Other measures of transnational corporations activities 38
(c) The entry of the Southern European States: impact on
United States foreign direct investment in developing countries ... 40
2. Japanese foreign direct investment to the European Community:
the new dimension 41
3. The United Kingdom and the European Community 44
(a) Foreign direct investment in the United Kingdom 44
(b) Foreign direct investment from the United Kingdom 45
4. The Netherlands and European Community integration 46
5. The Federal Republic of Germany and European Community integration .. 47
6. Intra European foreign direct investment 48
7. Outward foreign direct investment by the European Community 49
C. The opening phase of Mark II integration: 1986 1988 51
1. United States foreign direct investment in the European Community 51
2. United Kingdom foreign direct investment in the European Community ... 52
3. Japanese foreign direct investment in the European Community 54
D. Conclusions 55
CHAPTER IV. THE EFFECTS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION ON THE
ORGANIZATION OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS
IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 57
A. European Community integration and the organization of transnational
corporations: issues for analysis 57
B. The reorganization of corporate activities within the European Community:
the experience of Mark I integration 59
1. International integration of United States foreign affiliates:
the rising importance of the European Community 61
2. Horizontal and vertical integration of affiliate networks 64
VI
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
3. Patterns of intra European Community integration by
United States transnational corporations 66
C. The determinants of rationalization in the European Community: Mark II integration 72
1. Industry level characteristics 72
2. Firm level characteristics 77
D. The industrial impact of the reorganization of technological and other activties
by transnational corporations in the European Community 79
E. Mark II integration and industrial organization:
Japanese transnational corporations 82
1. The technological and organizational advantages of Japanese firms
as a determinant of their involvement in the European Community 82
2. The likely effects of Japanese foreign direct investment, post 1992 83
F. Developing country transnational corporations in the European Community 85
CHAPTER V. THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AS A HOST FOR JAPANESE
TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS: A CASE STUDY 87
A. Understanding Japanese investment in the European Community:
a conceptual framework 88
B. The European Community as a host for Japanese transnational corporations 90
C. The strategies of Japanese transnational corporations in response to
Mark II integration 91
1. Trigger variables and behaviour of Japanese transnational corporations .... 91
(a) Reactions to incentives I 91
(b) Reactions to incentives II 93
(c) Factors discouraging foreign direct investment in the
European Community 95
D. The role of the Government in influencing Japanese foreign direct
investment in the European Community 95
E. Concluding observations 96
Annex. Examples of Japanese foreign direct investment in
individual European Community countries 97
VII
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
CHAPTER VI. ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AND THE ACTIVITIES OF
TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN AND BY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 101
A. Mark II integration and foreign direct investment in developing countries 101
B. The trade preference schemes of the European Community 104
1. First level of hierarchy 104
2. Second level of hierarchy 104
3. Third level of hierarchy 105
4. Rules of origin 106
C. The relationship between trade preferences and the activities of transnational
corporations in developing countries: some theoretical issues 106
D. Empirical evidence on the trade and foreign direct investment effects of
trade preferences 107
1. The Lome Convention 108
2. The Mediterranean agreements 109
3. The Generalized System of Preferences 110
E. The likely effects of the completion of the internal market 110
1. Specific effects Ill
2. General effects 112
(a) Positive effects on developing countries 112
(b) Adverse effects on developing countries 113
F. Developing countries transnational corporations in the European Community 114
G. Conclusions 115
CHAPTER VII. TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND INTEGRATION
IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY: FUTURE RESEARCH ... 117
References 119
Select list of publications of the Transnational Corporations and
Management Division 127
Questionnaire 133
via
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
List of figures
III. 1. Growth of United States foreign direct investment flows to Spain and Portugal
versus developing countries, 1977 1989 41
III.2. Growth of United States foreign direct investment flows to Spain and Portugal
versus North America, 1977 1989 42
IV. 1. Manufactured exports to all countries except the United States by United States
transnational corporation affiliates, by exporting area, 1966 1977 62
IV.2. Manufactured exports of United States transnational corporation affiliates,
by destination, 1966 63
IV.3. Manufactured exports of United States transnational corporation affiliates,
by destination, 1977 64
IV.4. The role of Government and the competitive position of transnational
corporations as joint determinants of the degree of the integration of
a transnational corporation in the European Community 74
List of tables
II. 1. Foreign direct investment effects of economic integration 13
11.2. Geographical distribution of the foreign manufacturing affiliates of
European Community transnational corporations, 1946 1970 19
11.3. Trade intensity and intra European Community direct investment 20
11.4. Foreign direct investment flows in and out of the United Kingdom, 1970 1978 22
in. 1. United States foreign direct investment stock in the European Community
and other countries, 1950 1972 29
111.2. Geographical distribution of United States foreign direct
investment stock, 1950 1972 30
111.3. Sales of manufactured products in the European Community, the
United Kingdom and other Europe by United States foreign affiliates versus
exports from the United States, 1957 1972 32
111.4. Sales of selected manufactured products by United States foreign affiliates
in the European Community versus exports from the United States to
the European Community, 1957 1972 33
ix
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
m.5. United Kingdom foreign direct investment stock in the
European Community, 1962 1971 35
m.6. United States foreign direct investment stock in the European Community
and other countries, 1972 1985 37
m.7. Geographical distribution of United States foreign direct
investment stock, 1972 1985 38
HL8. United States plant and equipment expenditures, 1963 1985 39
m.9. Sales of manufactured products of United States foreign affiliates in the
European Community and exports from the United States to the
European Community, 1972 1985 40
HI. 10. The growth of Japanese foreign direct investment stock in the
European Community, end March 1970 end March 1984 43
IE. 11. Geographical distribution of Japanese foreign direct investment stock,
by sector, 1975 1987 44
HI. 12. The inward and outward net foreign direct investment position of the
United Kingdom, 1962 1987 45
in. 13. Geographical distribution of Netherlands outward foreign direct
investment stock, by sector, 1973 1984 47
HI. 14. Geographical distribution of German outward foreign direct investment stock,
by sector, 1976 1986 48
in.15. Foreign direct investment flows between the member countries of the
European Community, 1975 1983 50
in. 16. United States foreign direct investment stock in the European Community
and other countries, 1986 1988 52
HI. 17. Capital expenditures by foreign affiliates of United States
transnational corporations, 1985 1990 53
in. 18. Japanese foreign direct investment in the European Community and the
United States, 1984 1988 54
JH. 19. Japanese outward foreign direct investment stock by region and industry,
31 March 1989 55
IV. 1. The geographical distribution of the sales of United States majority owned
foreign affiliates in manufacturing, 1957 1987 62
x
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
IV.2. The geographical distribution of sales and the structure of exports of
United States majority owned foreign affiliates in manufacturing, 1966 1987 65
IV.3. The intra European Community export share of sales of United States
majority owned affiliates in manufacturing located in the
European Community, 1977 1982 66
IV.4. Purchasing country shares of the intra European Community unaffiliated
exports of United States majority owned affiliates located
in the European Community, 1977 68
IV.5. Purchasing country shares of the intra European Community affiliated
exports of United States majority owned affiliates located
in the European Community, 1977 68
IV.6. Producing country shares of the intra European Community unaffiliated
exports of United States majority owned affiliates located
in the European Community, 1977 69
IV.7. Producing country shares of the intra European Community affiliated
exports of United States majority owned affiliates located
in the European Community, 1977 70
IV.8. The ratio of unaffiliated exports sent from the producing country to
unaffiliated exports sent by purchasing countries, United States majority owned
affiliates located in the European Community, 1977 70
IV.9. The ratio of affiliated exports sent from the producing country to
affiliated exports sent by purchasing countries, United States majority owned
affiliates located in the European Community, 1977 71
IV. 10. The intra firm share of the intra European Community exports of
United States majority owned affiliates located in the
European Community, 1977 72
IV. 11. Industry specific characteristics that promote corporate
integration within a region 73
IV.12. National shares of Western European patenting in the United States
in selected industries, 1963 84 80
xi
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| geographic | Europa Europäische Gemeinschaften. Mitgliedsstaaten Europe -- Economic integration |
| geographic_facet | Europa Europäische Gemeinschaften. Mitgliedsstaaten Europe -- Economic integration |
| id | DE-604.BV008267154 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T12:43:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9211044030 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005461014 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-521 DE-188 |
| physical | XI, 134 S. |
| publishDate | 1993 |
| publishDateSearch | 1993 |
| publishDateSort | 1993 |
| publisher | United Nations |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | United Nations publication |
| spellingShingle | From the common market to EC 92 regional economic integration in the European Community and transnational corporations Europäische Union Europäische Gemeinschaften (DE-588)35439-9 gnd Buitenlandse investeringen gtt COMMON MARKETS unbist ECONOMIC INTEGRATION unbist EUROPE unbist Economische integratie gtt Europese Unie gtt FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT unbist Integración económica europea Internationale ondernemingen gtt JAPAN unbist TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS unbist Multinationales Unternehmen International business enterprises -- European Economic Community countries Europe 1992 Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)35439-9 (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4075092-9 |
| title | From the common market to EC 92 regional economic integration in the European Community and transnational corporations |
| title_auth | From the common market to EC 92 regional economic integration in the European Community and transnational corporations |
| title_exact_search | From the common market to EC 92 regional economic integration in the European Community and transnational corporations |
| title_full | From the common market to EC 92 regional economic integration in the European Community and transnational corporations Transnational Corporations and Management Division, Department of Economic and Social Development |
| title_fullStr | From the common market to EC 92 regional economic integration in the European Community and transnational corporations Transnational Corporations and Management Division, Department of Economic and Social Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | From the common market to EC 92 regional economic integration in the European Community and transnational corporations Transnational Corporations and Management Division, Department of Economic and Social Development |
| title_short | From the common market to EC 92 |
| title_sort | from the common market to ec 92 regional economic integration in the european community and transnational corporations |
| title_sub | regional economic integration in the European Community and transnational corporations |
| topic | Europäische Union Europäische Gemeinschaften (DE-588)35439-9 gnd Buitenlandse investeringen gtt COMMON MARKETS unbist ECONOMIC INTEGRATION unbist EUROPE unbist Economische integratie gtt Europese Unie gtt FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT unbist Integración económica europea Internationale ondernemingen gtt JAPAN unbist TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS unbist Multinationales Unternehmen International business enterprises -- European Economic Community countries Europe 1992 Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Europäische Gemeinschaften Buitenlandse investeringen COMMON MARKETS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION EUROPE Economische integratie Europese Unie FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Integración económica europea Internationale ondernemingen JAPAN TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS Multinationales Unternehmen International business enterprises -- European Economic Community countries Europe 1992 Geschichte Europa Europäische Gemeinschaften. Mitgliedsstaaten Europe -- Economic integration |
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