Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes 1 Principles of kinematics and dynamics
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| Sprache: | English |
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New York u.a.
Oxford Univ. Press
1992
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| 100 | 1 | |a Bluestein, Howard B. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes |n 1 |p Principles of kinematics and dynamics |c Howard B. Bluestein |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York u.a. |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 431 S. |b Ill., zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| adam_text | SYNOPTIC-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY IN MIDLATITUDES VOLUME I PRINCIPLES OF
KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS HOWARD B. BLUESTEIN NEW YORK OXFORD OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS 1992 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 WHAT IS SYNOPTIC
METEOROLOGY? 3 1.1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 3 1.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF
ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA 5 1.1.3 ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA AS FRACTALS 7 1.1.4
THE ROLE OF OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY 7 1.1.5 THE MYSTERY OF SYNOPTIC
METEOROLOGY 11 1.1.6 THE ORGANIZATION OF THIS TEXT 15 1.2 UNITS AND
VARIABLES 15 1.2.1 THE MKS SYSTEM 15 1.2.2 THE MTS SYSTEM 16 1.2.3 OTHER
USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS 17 1.3 COORDINATE SYSTEMS 17 1.3.1 CARTESIAN
COORDINATES 17 1.3.2 NATURAL COORDINATES 18 1.3.3 THE REPRESENTATION OF
THE WIND FIELD 19 1.3.4 PRESSURE COORDINATES 21 1.3.5 ISENTROPIC
COORDINATES 22 1.3.6 A COORDINATES 24 1.3.7 INVARIANCE 25 1.3.8 THE
TOTAL DERIVATIVE 25 NOTE 28 REFERENCES 28 2. SCALAR FIELDS AND THEIR
KINEMATICS 32 2.1 THE PRESSURE (HEIGHT) FIELD 32 2.1.1 WHAT IS
KINEMATICS? 32 2.1.2 A DESCRIPTION OF FEATURES IN THE PRESSURE (HEIGHT)
FIELD 33 2.1.3 ANALYSIS OF THE PRESSURE (HEIGHT) FIELD 43 2.1.4
KINEMATICS OF THE PRESSURE (HEIGHT) FIELD 47 2.1.5 THE HYDROSTATIC
EQUATION AND THE REDUCTION OF PRESSURE TO A REFERENCE LEVEL 57 2.2 THE
TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE FIELDS 64 2.3 THE MEASUREMENT OF SCALAR FIELDS
64 2.3.1 INTRODUCTION 64 2.3.2 THE MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE 68 2.3.3 THE
MEASUREMENT OF HEIGHT 68 X CONTENTS 2.3.4 THE MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE
68 2.3.5 THE MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY 69 2.3.6 CLOUDS 70 2.3.7 THE
MEASUREMENT OF PRECIPITATION 70 2.3.8 INSTRUMENT PLATFORMS 73 NOTES 74
REFERENCES 74 PROBLEMS 77 3. KINEMATICS OF THE WIND FIELD 81 3.1
PROPERTIES OF THE HORIZONTAL WIND FIELD 81 3.1.1 THE DECOMPOSITION OF A
LINEAR WIND FIELD 81 3.1.2 TRANSLATION 87 3.1.3 DIVERGENCE 87 3.1.4
VORTICITY 92 3.1.5 DEFORMATION 99 3.1.6 SUMMARY 107 3.1.7 TRAJECTORIES
109 3.2 THE COMPUTATION OF DIVERGENCE, VORTICITY, AND DEFORMATION 113
3.2.1 THE EXPRESSIONS FOR DIVERGENCE, VORTICITY, AND DEFORMATION ON THE
EARTH S SURFACE 113 3.2.2 FINITE-DIFFERENCE COMPUTATIONS 114 3.2.3
INTEGRAL COMPUTATIONS OF DIVERGENCE, VORTICITY, AND DEFORMATION 120
3.2.4 THE LINEAR VECTOR POINT FUNCTION METHOD 123 3.3 PROPERTIES OF THE
THREE-DIMENSIONAL WIND FIELD 124 3.4 MEASURING THE WIND FIELD 129 3.4.1
INTRODUCTION 129 3.4.2 WIND-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: DEPENDENCE OF THE
PROPERTIES OF AN OBJECT UPON WIND SPEED 131 3.4.3 WIND-MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS: THE TRACKING OF TRACERS MOVING WITH THE HORIZONTAL
COMPONENT OF THE WIND 132 NOTES 146 REFERENCES 146 PROBLEMS 148 4.
ELEMENTARY ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND THERMODYNAMICS 153 4.1 THE LAW OF
MOTION 153 4.1.1 THE EQUATION OF FLUID MOTION ON A ROTATING SPHERE:
VECTOR FORM 153 CONTENTS 4.1.2 THE EQUATIONS OF FLUID MOTION ON A
ROTATING SPHERE: SCALAR FORM 162 4.1.3 THE GEOSTROPHIC WIND 171 4.1.4
THE ISALLOBARIC WIND AND THE INERTIAL-ADVECTIVE WIND 173 4.1.5 THE
EQUATIONS OF MOTION IN NATURAL COORDINATES 175 4.1.6 THE THERMAL WIND
182 4.2 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY 190 4.2.1 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY
IN HEIGHT COORDINATES 190 4.2.2 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY IN PRESSURE
COORDINATES 192 4.2.3 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY IN ISENTROPIC
COORDINATES 193 4.2.4 THE KINEMATIC BOUNDARY CONDITION 194 4.2.5 THE
DYNAMIC BOUNDARY CONDITION 195 4.3 THE THERMODYNAMIC EQUATION 195 4.3.1
DRY THERMODYNAMICS 195 4.3.2 MOIST THERMODYNAMICS 200 4.4 FRICTION 224
4.4.1 MOLECULAR FRICTION 224 4.4.2 TURBULENT FRICTION 228 4.4.3 THE
SURFACE BOUNDARY LAYER 234 4.4.4 THE FRICTION LAYER 236 4.4.5 THE
TURBULENT TRANSPORT OF GENERAL QUANTITIES 244 4.4.6 THE ANTITRIPTIC WIND
247 4.5 THE VORTICITY EQUATION 247 4.5.1 DERIVATION OF THE VORTICITY
EQUATION IN HEIGHT COORDINATES 247 4.5.2 THE BJERKNES AND KELVIN
CIRCULATION THEOREMS 251 4.5.3 PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE VORTICITY
EQUATION AND THE CIRCULATION THEOREMS 254 4.5.4 THE VORTICITY EQUATION
IN PRESSURE COORDINATES 259 4.5.5 THE VORTICITY EQUATION IN ISENTROPIC
COORDINATES AND ERTEL S POTENTIAL VORTICITY 262 4.5.6 THE HORIZONTAL
VORTICITY EQUATION 268 4.5.7 THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL VORTICITY EQUATION IN
A COMPRESSIBLE ATMOSPHERE 270 4.6 ENERGETICS 272 4.7 THERMODYNAMIC
RETRIEVAL 275 REFERENCES 277 PROBLEMS 280 XII CONTENTS 5.
QUASIGEOSTROPHIC THEORY 282 5.1 INTRODUCTION 282 5.2 ESTIMATING THE
TERMS IN THE VORTICITY AND THERMODYNAMIC EQUATIONS 285 5.2.1
SUBSTITUTION OF THE ANALYTICAL-MODEL EQUATIONS INTO THE VORTICITY AND
THERMODYNAMIC EQUATIONS 286 5.2.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN W AND ** 296
5.2.3 THE KINEMATIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR MIDLATITUDE, SYNOPTIC-SCALE
SYSTEMS 301 5.2.4 A SIMPLIFIED VORTICITY EQUATION 303 5.2.5 THE
THERMODYNAMIC EQUATION FOR SYNOPTIC-SCALE SYSTEMS IN THE MIDLATITUDES
305 5.2.6 THE EFFECTS OF DIABATIC HEATING AND STATIC STABILITY 306 5.3
ESTIMATING VERTICAL MOTION FROM THE OBSERVED WIND AND MASS FIELDS 313
5.3.1 THE KINEMATIC METHOD 313 5.3.2 THE ADIABATIC METHOD 316 5.3.3 THE
VORTICITY METHOD 319 5.3.4 SATELLITE INFRARED PHOTOGRAPH TECHNIQUE 320
5.4 ESTIMATING LOCAL HEIGHT TENDENCIES FROM THE OBSERVED WIND AND MASS
FIELDS 320 5.5 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC VORTICITY AND THERMODYNAMIC
EQUATIONS 323 5.5.1 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC APPROXIMATION 323 5.5.2 THE
QUASIGEOSTROPHIC VORTICITY AND THERMODYNAMIC EQUATIONS 325 5.5.3 THE
QUASIGEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS OF MOTION 327 5.6 DERIVATION OF THE
QUASIGEOSTROPHIC W AND HEIGHT-TENDENCY EQUATIONS 327 5.6.1 THE
QUASIGEOSTROPHIC VORTICITY AND THERMODYNAMIC EQUATIONS EXPRESSED IN
TERMS OF THE HEIGHT FIELD 327 5.6.2 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC ** EQUATION 328
5.6.3 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC HEIGHT-TENDENCY EQUATION 329 5.6.4 THE
QUASIGEOSTROPHIC ** EQUATION AND HEIGHT-TENDENCY EQUATION WITH DIABATIC
HEATING AND FRICTION 330 5.7 INTERPRETATION OF THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC
(»-EQUATION 331 5.7.1 MATHEMATICAL INTERPRETATION 331 5.7.2 PHYSICAL
INTERPRETATION 338 5.7.3 THE TRENBERTH FORMULATION OF THE
QUASIGEOSTROPHIC ** EQUATION 346 5.7.4 THE Q-VECTOR REPRESENTATION OF
THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC ** EQUATION 350 CONTENTS XIII 5.7.5 COMPARISON OF
THE DIFFERENT QUASIGEOSTROPHIC ** EQUATIONS 368 5.8 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC
POTENTIAL VORTICITY FORM OF THE HEIGHT-TENDENCY EQUATION 370 5.9
STATIC-STABILITY EFFECTS ON VERTICAL MOTION 373 5.9.1 THE EFFECTS OF
HORIZONTAL VARIATIONS IN STATIC STABILITY ON VERTICAL MOTION 373 5.9.2
EFFECTIVE STATIC STABILITY 379 5.10 INTERPRETATION OF THE
QUASIGEOSTROPHIC HEIGHT- TENDENCY EQUATION 385 5.10.1 MATHEMATICAL
INTERPRETATION 385 5.10.2 PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION 386 5.11 THE EFFECTS
OF VERTICAL VARIATIONS IN STATIC STABILITY ON THE GEOPOTENTIAL-HEIGHT
TENDENCY 389 NOTE 390 REFERENCES 390 PROBLEMS 395 SELECTED ANSWERS TO
PROBLEMS 404 APPENDIX 1. REVIEW OF VECTOR NOTATION 411 APPENDIX 2.
IMPLICATIONS OF HYDROSTATIC BALANCE FOR THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL
SCALES OF METEORO LOGICAL PHENOMENA 413 APPENDIX 3. MATRIX NOTATION 419
INDEX 423
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| isbn | 0195062671 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIII, 431 S. Ill., zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt. |
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| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
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| spellingShingle | Bluestein, Howard B. Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes |
| title | Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes |
| title_auth | Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes |
| title_exact_search | Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes |
| title_full | Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes 1 Principles of kinematics and dynamics Howard B. Bluestein |
| title_fullStr | Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes 1 Principles of kinematics and dynamics Howard B. Bluestein |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes 1 Principles of kinematics and dynamics Howard B. Bluestein |
| title_short | Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes |
| title_sort | synoptic dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes principles of kinematics and dynamics |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004392324&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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