The elements of banking in Nigeria
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leighton Buzzard
Burn
1984
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| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The elements of banking in Nigeria |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819698252536086528 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | The Elements of
BANKING IN NIGERIA
2nd Edition
Femi Adekanye
Graham Burn
28d High Street
Leighton Buzzard
Bedfordshire
LU7 7EA
United Kingdom
CONTENTS
Foreword v
Acknowledgement vii
Contents ix
List of Tables xxii
Prefaces - xxiii
Author s Note xxv
PART1: MONEY MONETARY SYSTEM AND FINANCIAL MARKETS
CHAPTER 1: THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF MONEY
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
The Origin of Money
•Functions of Money
1 -2 1 Money as a Unit of Value
1-2 2 Money as a Medium of Exchange
1 -2 3 Money as a Standard of Deferred
Payment
1 -2 4 Money as a Store of Value
Definition of Money
1-3 1 Legal Definition
1-3 2 Functional Definition
Types of Money
1-4 1 Coins
1 -4 2 Convertible and Inconvertible Paper
Money
1 -4 3 Deposit Money Withdrawable by
Cheque
How Banks Create Money
Quasi-Money or Near Money
Characteristics of Money
Review Questions
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 2: THEORIES OF MONEY
2-1 Introduction
2-2 The Theories of Demand for Money
2-2 1 The Classical Theory of Demand for
Money
2-2 2 Modification of the Traditional Quantity
Theory of Money by the Cambridge
School of Thought
2-2 3 The Keynesian Theory of Demand for
Money
2-2 4 Modern Quantity Theory of the Chicago
School
2-3 The Supply of Money
2-3 1 Factors that Determine Money Supply
Review Questions
CHAPTER 3: MONETARY POLICY IN NIGERA 27
3-1 Introduction 27
3-2 Phases of Monetary Policy in Nigeria 28
3-2 1 Formative Years: July 1959 - March
3-2 2 Cheap Money Policy: April 1962 -
September 1964 30
3-2 3 Credit Restraint Policy: October 1964
- October 1966 30
3-2 4 Monetary Ease Policy: November 1966
-June 1969 31
3-2 5 Moderate Monetary Restraint Policy:
July 1969 - March 1972 32
3-2 6 Monetary Ease Policy: April 1972 -
March 1976 32
3-2 7 Moderate Restraint Policy: April 1976
- December 1981 33
3-2 8 Stringent Monetary Restraint Policy
1982 - 1983 33
3-2 9 Current Measures 33
Review Questions 34
CHAPTER 4: THE EVOLUTION OF THE MONEY SYSTEM IN
NIGERIA 35
4-1 Introduction 35
4-2 Early Currency System 35
4-3 West African Currency Board 36
4-3 1 Origin 36
CHAPTER 5:
4-3 2 Operations
4-3 3 Advantages and Shortcomings
Review Questions
MONEY AND CAPITAL MARKETS
5-1 The Nigerian Money Market
5-1 1 Introduction
5-1 2 Development
5-1 3 Call Money System
5-1 4 Other Money Market Instruments
5-1 5 General Comments
5-2 The Nigerian Capital Market
5-2 1 Introduction
5-2 2 The Nigerian Stock Exchange
5-2 3 General Comments
5-3 The Nigerian Securities and Exchange
Commission
5-3 1 Introduction
5-3 2 Functions of the Commission
Review Questions - •
CONTENTS
PART II: THE BANKING SYSTEM 51
CHAPTER 6: CENTRAL BANKING
6-1
6-2
6-3
The Establishment and Growth of the Central
Bank of Nigeria (CBN)
What is a Central Bank?
Structure of Central Bank Balance Sheet
6-3 1 Introduction
6-3 2 Assets
6-3 3 Liabilities
Review Questions
CHAPTER 7: THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF
NIGERIA 61
7-1 Banking Functions 61
7-1 1 Introduction 61
7-1 2 Issuing of Currency 61
7-1 3 Banker and Financial Adviser to the
Government 66
CONTENTS
7-1 4 Banker to, and Supervisor of Banks
and other Financial Institutions 67
7-2 Monetary Functions 68
7-2 1 Introduction 68
7-2 2 Open Market Operations 68
7-2 3 Discount Rate System - Lender of
Last Resort 69
7-2 4 Direct Regulation of Interest Rates 70
7-2 5 Interest Rates Structure 1984 (May) 70
7-2 6 Moral Suasion 71
7-2 7 Reserve Requirements 72
7-2 8 Direct Control 73
7-2 9 Other Prudential Ratios 76
7-3 The Development Functions 77
7-3 1 The Nigerian Money and Capital
Markets 77
7-3 2 CBN s Role in Other Government-
Sponsored Financial Institutions 78
7-3 3 CBN s Role in National Economic
Policy Formulation 78
7-3 4 - Maintaining External Reserves 78
7-3 5 Exchange Control 79
Review Questions 80
CHAPTER 8: COMMERCIAL BANKING 81
8-1 Development of Commercial Banking in Nigeria 81
8-1 1 Brief History 81
8-2 Structure 86
8-3 Functions of Commercial Banks in Nigeria 86
8-4 Government Participation in Nigerian Banking 87
8-4 1 Origin 87
8-4 2 Rationale of Government Participation 87
8-4 3 The Participation Process 89
8-5 The Organisation Structure of a Nigerian
Commercial Bank 92
Branch Organisation 97
8-6
Review Questions
CHAPTER 9: STRUCTURE OF A BANK S BALANCE SHEET 101
9-1 Introduction 101
9-2 Assets: Use of Funds 102
9-2 1 Cash and Short-Term Funds 102
9-2 2 Government Securities 103
CONTENTS
9-2 3 Statutory and other Deposits with the
CBN 103
,9-2 4 Investments with other Banks 103
9-2 5 Loans and Advances 103
9-2 6 Other Assets 103
9-2 7 Fixed Assets 104
9-3 Liabilities: Sources of Funds 104
9-3 1 Share Capital 104
9-3 2 Statutory Reserves 104
9-3 3 Undistributed Profit, Share Premium
Account and General Reserve 104
9-3 4 Debenture Stock or Loan Capital 105
9-3 5 Customers Deposits 105
9-3 6 Other Liabilities 105
9-3 7 Acceptance, Guarantees and other
Obligations for Account of Customers 106
Review Questions 106
CHAPTER 10: PROFITABILITY AND LIQUIDITY OF BANKS 107
10-1 Introduction 107
10-2 Maintaining Equilibrium between Profitability
and Liquidity 107
10-3 The Major Financial Risks 110
10-3 1 Market Risk 110
10-3 2 Credit Risk 110
10-3 3 Liquidity Risk 111
10-4 Computation of Reserve Ratios 113
10-4 1 Liquidity Ratio 113
10-4 2 Cash Ratio 114
10-5 Conclusion 116
Review Questions 116
CHAPTER 11: CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND CAPITAL
ADEQUACY 117
11-1 Introduction • 117
11-2 Measurement of Capital Adequacy 118
11-2 1 Fixed Minimum Capital Requirement 118
11-2 2 Limitation of Lending Limits (i e Limits
on large loans) 118
11 -2 3 Weighted Risk/Assets Ratios 119
11-3 Conclusion 122
Review Questions 124
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 12: OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
12-1
12-2
12-3
12-4
12-5
12-6
12-7
12-8
12-9
12-10
12-11
12-12
What is a Merchant Bank?
History and Development
Functions
12-3 1 Domestic and International Banking
Service
12-3 2 Corporate Finance
12-3 3 Issuing House: Debt and Equity Issues
12-3 4 Treasury/Financial Services (Money
Market Activities)
12-3 5 Equipment Leasing
12-3 6 Portfolio Management
The Role of Merchant Banks in Nigeria
Introduction to Development Banking
The Nigerian Industrial Development Bank
(N IDB)
12-6 1 Functions
12-6 2 Principles Guiding its Operations
12-6 3 Sources of Funds
12-6 4 Problems
Nigerian Bank-for Commerce and Industry
(N BCI)
12-7 1 Introduction
12-7 2 Functions
12-7 3 Principles Guiding its Operations
12-7 4 Sources of Funds
12-7 5 Problems
The Nigerian Agricultural and Co-Operative
Bank (N ACB)
12-8 1 Introduction
12-8 2 Functions
12-8 3 Principles Guiding its Operations
12-8 4 Sources of Funds
The Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme
Federal Mortgage Bank
12-10 1 Introduction
12-10 2 Functions
12-10 3 Powers of the Bank
12-10 4 Principles Guiding its Operations
12-10 5 Types of Loan
12-10 6 Sources of Funds
12-10 7 Problems
The Federal Savings Bank
12-11 1 Introduction
12-11 2 Operations
12-11 3 Source of Funds
12-11 4 Problems
Other Non-Bank Financial Institutions
CONTENTS
12-12 1 Insurance Companies 140
12-12 2 Pension Funds 141
12-12 3 Natural Provident Fund 141
12-12 4 Credit and Co-Operative Societies 141
12-12 5 Investment Corporations 141
12-12 6 Finance Companies 141
Review Questions 142
CHAPTER 13: BANKING LEGISLATION SINCE 1952 143
13-1 The Banking Ordinance 1962 143
13-2 The Banking Ordinance 1958 (as amended in
1962) 144
13-2 1 Minimum Paid-Up Capital 145
13-2 2 Statutory Reserve 145
13-2 3 Legal Lending Limit 145
13-2 4 Other Major Provisions in 1958 146
13-2 5 Minimum Specified Liquid Assets 146
13-2 6 Appointment of Examiner 147
13-2 7 1962 Amendment 147
13-3 Central Bank of Nigeria Act, 1958 147
13-3 1 Objects 148
13-3 2 Capital and Reserve 148
13-3 3 Board of Directors 148
13-3 4 Sole Right to Issue Currency 148
13-3 5 External Reserves 149
13-3 6 General Powers of the Bank 149
13-3 7 Relations with the Federal Government 150
13-3 8 Relations with Other Banks 150
13-4 Banking Act, 1969 (as amended by Banking
(Amendment) Act 1970) 150
13-4 1 Definition 150
13-4 2 Licensing 151
13-4 3 Requirements as to Minimum Paid-Up
Capital 151
13-4 4 Maintenance of Reserve Fund
(Statutory Reserve) 152
13-4 5 Cash Reserves and Liqudity Ratio 152
13-4 6 Restriction on Certain Activities of
Licensed Banks 152
13-4 7 Books of Accounts 152
13-4 8 Delivery by Returns, etc to Central
Bank 153
13-4 9 Powers of the Central Bank 153
13-5 Banking (Amendment) Act, 1 979 153
13-5 1 Requirements as to Minimum Paid-Up
Capital 154
CONTENTS
13-5 2 Authorised Lending Limit 1 54
13-5 3 Merchant Banking 154
13-6 Dishonoured Cheques (Offences) Act, 1977 155
Review Questions 155
PART III: SERVICES OFFERED BY BANKS 157
CHAPTER 14: BANKER AND CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP AND
RESPONSIBILITIES 159
14-1 Introduction 159
14-2 The Bankers Duties 159
14-3 Customers Obligations 160
14-4 Types of Customers - 160
14-4 1 Personal Customers 160
14-4 2 Business Customers 161
A Banker s Duty of Secrecy 167
14-5
Review Questions
CHAPTER 15: GENERAL BANKING SERVICES 169
15-1 Services Provided by Nigerian Banks 169
15-2 Types of Accounts 169
15-2 1 Current Accounts 169
15-2 2 Deposit Accounts 170
15-2 3 Savings Accounts 170
15-2 4 Loan Accounts 170
15-2 5 Overdrafts 171
15-3 Services to Personal Customers 172
15-3 1 Open Credits or Cashing Credits 172
15-3 2 Services to the Traveller 172
15-3 3 Safe Custody 173
15-3 4 Status Inquiries 173
15-4 Services to Business Customers 174
15-4 1 Financial Services 174
15-4 2 International Trade Services 175
15-4 3 Standing Orders 177
15-4 4 Business Advisory Service 1 78
15-4 5 Night Safes 178
Review Questions 178
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 16: BANK LENDING I - BASIC PRINCIPLES 179
16-1 The Basic Principles of Lending 179
16-1 1 Safety 179
16-1 2 Suitability 180
16-1 3 Profitability 180
16-2 Canons of Lending 180
16-2 1 Amount 181
16-2 2 Purpose of the Loan 181
16-2 3 For How Long? 182
16-2 4 How does he Intend to Repay the
Bank? 183
16-2 5 Strength of the Business 184
16-2 6 Security 184
16-2 7 - The Borrower 185
16-3 Securities Acceptable to the Nigerian Banker 186
16-3 1 Lien 186
16-3 2 Pledge 186
16-3 3 Mortgage 187
16-3 4 Assignment 187
16-3 5 The Nigerian Context 187
16-3 6 Land as Security 188
16-3 7 Valuation 189
16-3 8 Perfecting the Security 189
16-3 9 Assignment of Life Policy 189
16-3 10 Stocks and Shares as Security 190
16-3 11 Guarantees as Security 191
16-3 12 Other Securities 192
- Review Questions 193
CHAPTER 17: BANK LENDING II - FINANCIAL STATEMENT
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 195
17-1 Introduction 195
17-2 Analytical Documents 195
17-2 1 Manufacturing Account • 195
17-2 2 Trading Account 196
17-2 3 Profit and Loss Account 197
17-2 4 Appropriation Account 197
17-2 5 Balance Sheet 198
17-3 Explanation of Main Balance Sheet Items 201
17-4 Analytical Methods 202
17-4 1 Introduction 202
17-4 2 Ratios 203
17-5 Basic Interpretation of Financial Statements
by the Lending Banker 210
17-5 1 Shareholder s Stake and the Percent-
age Return on Capital Employed 211
CONTENTS
17-6
17-7
17-8
17-5 2 Long-Term Loans
1 7-5 3 Working Capital
17-5 4 Liquidity
17-5 5 Gearing or Leverage or Debt/Worth
Ratio
17-5 6 Trading Figures
17-5 7 Other Items
Basic Forecasting
Going-Concern and Gone-Concern Approach
Conclusion
Review Questions
CHAPTER 18: BILLS
18-1
18-2
18-3
! OF EXCHANGE AND CHEQUES
Bills of Exchange
18-1 1 Introduction
18-1 2 Definition of Bills of Exchange
18-1 3 Parties to a Bill
18-1 4 Presentment for Acceptance
18-1 5 Discharge of a Bill
18-1 6 Dishonour of a Bill
Cheques
18-2 1 Definition
18-2 2 Crossed Cheques
18-2 3 Cheques as Negotiable Instruments
18-2 4 Holder and Holder for Value
18-2 5 Holder in Due Course
18-2 6 Endorsement
18-2 7 Negotiation
The Nigerian Bills of Exchange Act, 1964
Review Questions
CHAPTER 19: THE I
19-1
19-2
19-3
19-4
19-5
CHEQUES CLEARING SYSTEM
The Clearing House Operations
Clearing of a Cheque Drawn on Another
Clearing Area
Clearing of a Cheque Drawn on a Non-Clearing
Area
Payment of Cheques
Special Clearing
Review Questions
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 20: EXCHANGE CONTROL AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE
SERVICES 247
20-1 Introduction 247
20-2 Designation of Exchange Control
Responsibilities 248
20-3 External Transactions 248
20-4 Specified Currencies 249
20-5 Exchange Control Forms 250
20-6 Dealings in Foreign Currencies 251
20-7 Dealings in Foreign Notes and Coins 251
20-8 Import and Export of Foreign Notes, Bills of
Exchange, Assurance Policies, Annuities, etc 251
20-9 Importation and Exportation of Nigerian Notes
and Coins 252
20-10 Travel 252
20-10 1 Medical Travel 253
20-10 2 Business Travel 253
20-10 3 Transfer of Air Ticket Sales 254
20-11 Payments for Imports into Nigeria 254
20-11 1 Comprehensive Import Supervision 254
20-11 2 The Use of Form M 255
20-11 3 Recent Developments 256
20-12 Exports from Nigeria 256
20-13 Credits and Guarantees 257
20-14 Insurance Payments 257
20-14 1 Non-Trade 257
20-14 2 Trade 257
20-15 Fishing, Shipping and Air Transport Payments 258
20-16 Sundry amp; Miscellaneous Payments 258
20-17 Cash Gifts 259
20-18 Resident, Non-Resident and External Accounts 259
20-18 1 Resident Accounts 259
20-18 2 External/Non-Resident Accounts 259
20-18 3 Change of Residential Status 260
20-19 Foreign Nationals Remittances 260
20-19 1 Remittances by Foreign Nationals 260
20-19 2 Transfer on Final Departure from
Nigeria 261
20-20 Securities 261
20-21 Direct Capital Investment in Nigeria 262
20-22 Loans and Overdrafts 263
20-22 1 Borrowing in Nigeria 263
20-22 2 Borrowing outside Nigeria 263
20-23 Education outside Nigeria 263
20-24 Visitors to Nigeria 264
Review Questions 265
CONTENTS
PART IV: INTERNATIONAL BANKING 267
CHAPTER 21: INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM 269
21-1 The World Bank Group 269
21-1 1 The World Bank 269
21-1 2 The International Development
Association 270
21-1 3 The International Finance Corporation 271
21-2 International Monetary Fund 272
Review Questions 273
CHAPTER 22: INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
22-1 Introduction
22-2 External Markets
Eurodollars and Other Eurocurrencies
How Eurodollars are Created
Eurodollar Bank Loans and Deposits
International Bond Market and Eurobond Market
22-3
22-4
22-5
22-6
22-7 Conclusion
Review Questions
CHAPTER 23: THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND OTHER
AFRICAN REGIONAL/SUB-REGIONAL GROUPINGS 281
23-1 The African Development Bank Group 281
23-1 1 Historical Background 281
23-1 2 Functions 282
23-1 3 Sources of Funds 283
23-1 4 African Development Fund and
Nigerian Trust Fund 283
23-2 The West African Monetary Union (W AMU) 284
23-3 The Association of African Central Banks 285
23-4 The West African Clearing House 286
23-5 The West African Bankers Association 287
Review Questions 287
PART V: BANKING EDUCATION IN NIGERIA 289
CHAPTER 24: BANKING EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
24-1 The Nigerian Institute of Bankers
24-2
24-3
24-4
24-1 1
24-1 2
24-1 3
CONTENTS
Objects and Structure
Membership
Examinations
The Financial Institutions Training Centre
24-2 1
24-2 2
24-2 3
24-2 4
Bankers
24-3 1
24-3 2
Introduction
Objectives and Functions
Composition of Board of Governors
Funding and General Comments
Committee
Composition
Functions
In-House Training in Banks
24-4 1
24-4 2
24-4 3
24-4 4
Introduction
The Beginning of Staff Training in
Nigeria
Present Training Efforts in the Banking
Industry
Conclusion
/ Questions
ANSWER SECTION 303
APPENDIX 1 THE BANKING ACT 1969 395
APPENDIX 2 BANKING (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1979 439
APPENDIX 3 MONETARY POLICY CIRCULAR No 18
Credit Guidelines for the Fiscal Year 1984 447
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 460
|
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| dewey-ones | 332 - Financial economics |
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| dewey-search | 332.1/09969 |
| dewey-sort | 3332.1 49969 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 2. ed. |
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| oclc_num | 15655852 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | XXVI, 461 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1984 |
| publishDateSearch | 1984 |
| publishDateSort | 1984 |
| publisher | Burn |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Adekanye, Femi The elements of banking in Nigeria Bank Banks and banking Nigeria Kreditwesen (DE-588)4032950-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4032950-1 (DE-588)4042300-1 |
| title | The elements of banking in Nigeria |
| title_auth | The elements of banking in Nigeria |
| title_exact_search | The elements of banking in Nigeria |
| title_full | The elements of banking in Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | The elements of banking in Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | The elements of banking in Nigeria |
| title_short | The elements of banking in Nigeria |
| title_sort | the elements of banking in nigeria |
| topic | Bank Banks and banking Nigeria Kreditwesen (DE-588)4032950-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bank Banks and banking Nigeria Kreditwesen Nigeria |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003796789&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT adekanyefemi theelementsofbankinginnigeria |