Frontiers in bioprocessing II proceedings of Frontiers in Biochemistry II, Boulder, Colorado, June 17 - 21, 1990

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adam_text Contents Preface ..................................................................................................................................... xix Frontiers in Bioprocessing: An Assessment ................................................................................. 1 Ahn S. Michaels The First Frontier. Synthesis of Biological Products .............................................................................. 1 The Second Frontier: Characterization and Control of Biopolymer Structure ................................ 3 The Third Frontier: Biosensors and Bioprocess Control Strategies .................................................... 4 The Fourth Frontier: Separation and Purification of Bioproducts ..................................................... 4 A Look into the Future: Whither Bioprocessing? .................................................................................. 7 PART I: PROTEIN AND ENZYME ENGINEERING The Role of Protein Crystals in Biotechnology and Industry ............................................. 10 Alexander McPherson The New Polymer Chemistry ......................................................................................................................... 10 The New Pharmacology .................................................................................................................................. 11 The Role of Protein Crystals ......................................................................................................................... 12 Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Protein Engineering ...................................................................................................... 16 G. L. Gilliland, B. Veerapandian, J. Dill, O. Herzberg, С. Chiu, G. Kapadia, J. Moult, D. Bacon, M. Toner, K. Fidelis, F. Schwarz, P. Ready, К. МсКеппеу, M. Kantorów, J. Moore, J. Hoskins, W. J. Stevens, D. Garnier, E. Eisenstein, К. Fisher, P. Bryan, P. Alexander, S. L. Edwards, M. Mauro, К. Darwish, К Choudhury, H. Li, R. Raag, and T. L. Poulos CARB: Organization and Activities ........................................................................................................... 17 Protein Engineering Research Studies ........................................................................................................ 19 Molecular Modeling Research ...................................................................................................................... 27 Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Bioreactor .......................................................................................... 31 Alexander S. Spirin Flow-Through Bioreactors for Cell-Free Protein Synthesis ................................................................... 32 Characteristics and Peculiarities of the Flow-Through Cell-Free Systems .......................................... 37 Direct Gene Expression in Preparative Cell-Free Systems ..................................................................... 38 xi Recombination in Replicating RNAs ................................................................................................ 44 Alexander B. Chetverin, Leonid A. Voronin, Alexander V. Munishkin, Larisa A. Bondareva, Helena V. Chetverina, and Victor I. Ugarov Synopsis of Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 45 Recombinant RNA Sequences ...................................................................................................................... 45 Enantioselective Enzymatic Synthesis of Prostaglandin-Synthons in Multiphase Reaction Media ............................................................................................................ 50 S. Schapöhler, T. Scheper, K Schügerí, and E.-R. Barenschee Multiphase Reaction Media .......................................................................................................................... 50 Prostaglandin-Synthons ................................................................................................................................. 51 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................................... 51 Principles of Liquid Membrane Emulsion Systems .................................................................................. 51 Experimental Setup and Results .................................................................................................................. 52 Principles of the Organic Solvent Systems ................................................................................................. 55 Experimental Setup and Results .................................................................................................................. 57 Design and Synthesis of a Peptide Having Chymotrypsin-Like Catalytic Activity ......................................................................................................................................... 63 John M. Stewart, Karl W. Hahn, Wiesław A. Klis, John R. Conn, and Michael Corey Design ................................................................................................................................................................. 64 Synthesis and Purification .............................................................................................................................. 65 Properties of Chymohelizyme-l .................................................................................................................... 67 PARTII: BIOSENSORS AND IN SITU MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS Fiber-Optic Sensors Using Raman and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ................................................................................................................................ 72 5. M. Angel, M. L. Myrvck, and F. P. Milanovich Raman Spectroscopy and SERS ................................................................................................................... 72 Fiber-Optic Sensor Designs ........................................................................................................................... 74 Applications of Remote Raman Spectroscopy .......................................................................................... 78 SERS Using Diode Lasers ............................................................................................................................. 86 Non-Invasive Spectroscopie Monitoring of a Bioprocess ....................................................... 90 Anna G. Cavinato, David M. Mayes, Zhihong Ge, and James B. Callis Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................................. 91 Results and Discussion ............................................................................,............................... 93 xii In Situ On-Line Optical Fiber Sensor for Fluorescence Monitoring in Bioreactors ............................................................................................................................................... 99 John]. Horváth and Christopher J . Spangler Experimental Methods .................................................................................................................................... 100 Flow-Through Cuvette: Results .................................................................................................................. 104 Optical Fiber/Rod Measurements: Results ............................................................................................... 107 Flow-Through Cuvette: Discussion ............................................................................................................ Ill Optical Fiber/Rod: Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 113 Fiber-Optic Biosensors Incorporating Sustained Release of Reagents .......................... 116 Tony Alex, Henrik Pedersen, and George H. Sigel, Jr. Design of OTHER Fiber-Optic Biosensors ............................................................................................... 117 Instrumentation ................................................................................................................................................ 118 Peroxide Sensor ................................................................................................................................................ 118 pH Shift Sensor ................................................................................................................................................ 118 Mathematical Modeling. ................................................................................................................................. 120 Sustained Release of Intermediates ............................................................................................................. 122 Whole Cell Biosensors: A Brief Overview and Presentation of a Novel Neuron-Based Approach ......................................................................................................................... 126 Devdatt L. Kurdikar, Rodney S. Skeen, Bernard /. Van Wie, Charles D. Barnes, and Simon J. Fung Whole Cell Biosensors: A Brief Review .................................................................................................... 126 Temperature Sensitivity of Neuronal Response to Neurotransmitters ................................................ 130 Investigation of Immobilized-Cell Energetics and Metabolism Using NMR Spectroscopy ................................................................................................................ 138 Catherine A. Briasco and Channing R. Robertson Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................................... 140 35S Autoradiography: Results and Discussion ......................................................................................... 143 31P NMR Spectroscopy: Results and Discussion ..................................................................................... 143 PART Ш: CELL-CULTURE SYSTEMS The Formation of /J-Lactamase Inclusion Bodies in Escherichia coli and Comparison with In Vitro Studies ........................................................................................... 152 Gregory A. Bowden, Pascal Valax, and George Georgiou Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................................... 153 /J-Lactamase Aggregation in Escherichia coli: Results ............................................................................ 153 Folding and Aggregation of /ì-Lactamase In Vitro: Results ................................................................. 160 xxn Secretion of Heterologous Proteins and Peptides by Pichta pastoris ................................ 162 Robert S. Siegel General Characteristics of the P. pastoris Expression System ................................................................ 162 Expression of Secreted Proteins by P. pastoris .......................................................................................... 163 Glycosylation by P. pastoris ............................................................................................................................ !63 Proteolysis of Secreted Peptides ................................................................................................................... 164 Pilot Plant Production of Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor ..................................... 165 Streptomyces Bioprocessing: From Secondary Metabolites to Heterologous Proteins ........................................................................................................................ 168 Kimberlee K, Wallace, Gregory F. Payne, and Marilyn К Speedie Characterizing Secondary Metabolism in Terms of the Extracellular Environment ......................... 168 Characterizing Secondary Metabolism in Terms of the Intracellular Environment .......................... 171 The Future: Genetic Engineering for Secondary Metabolism .............................................................. 175 Streptomyces for Heterologous Protein Production .................................................................................. 175 Strategy for the Production and Stabilization of Lignin Peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium in Air-Lift and Stirred Tank Bioreactors ........................................................................................................................................ 181 Austin H. C. Chen, Carlos G. Dosoretz, and Hans E. Grethlein Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................................... 182 Discussion and Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 185 Bioprocessing of Higher Plant-Cell Cultures .............................................................................. 188 Henrik Pedersen, Sang Yo Byun, and Chee-Kok Chin Bioprocessing Techniques and Options ...................................................................................................... 188 Cell Directed Bioprocessing .......................................................................................................................... 190 Reactor Directed Bioprocessing ................................................................................................................... 195 Advanced Bioprocessing ................................................................................................................................. 196 The Oligosaccharides of Glycoproteins: Factors Affecting Their Synthesis and Their Influence on Glycoprotein Properties ................................................. 199 Charles F. Goochee, Michael J. Gramer, Dana C. Andersen, Jennifer B. Bahr, and James R. Rasmussen Factors Affecting the Synthesis of Glycoprotein Oligosaccharides ....................................................... 199 Glycoprotein Oligosaccharide Conformation ............................................................................................ 215 Effects of Oligosaccharides on Glycoprotein Properties ......................................................................... 217 Modeling the Regulation of Antibody Synthesis and Assembly in a Murine Hybridoma.......................................................................................................................... 241 M. C. Flickinger and T. Bibila Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................................... 243 Levels of Total Cellular RNA and Heavy and Light Chain mRNAs During Exponential and Stationary Phase: Results ............................................................................ 247 Heavy and Light Chain mRNA Half-Lives: Results ............................................................................... 247 An Initial Structured Kinetic Model ...................................................................................................... 250 Model Simulations ......................................................................................................................... 252 Xiv PART IV: BIOREACTOR ENGINEERING AND CONTROL Modeling of Immobilized Microbial Cells: Influence of Substrate or Product Inhibition on Activity and Biomass Spatial Profiles ....................................... 260 David F. Ollis and Gregory D. Sayles Product Inhibition: Model ........................................................................................................................... 261 Product Inhibition: Results and Discussion ............................................................................................. 263 Product Inhibition: Reactor Design .......................................................................................................... 265 Substrate Inhibition: Model ........................................................................................................................ 267 Substrate Inhibition: Model Results and Discussion ............................................................................. 270 Substrate Utilization: Reactor Design ...................................................................................................... 273 Micromixing in Fermentation—The Response of Microorganisms to Hydrodynamic Forces ........................................................................................................................ 277 Eric H. Dunlop The Basic Problem .......................................................................................................................................... 277 Microscales in Fermentation ........................................................................................................................ 279 Gas-Liquid Oxygen Transfer in Perfluorochemical-in-Water Dispersions ................................................................................................................................................... 286 James D. McMillan and Daniel I. C. Wang History of Perfluorochemical Oxygénation ............................................................................................... 286 Background ....................................................................................................................................................... 287 Approach .......................................................................................................................................................... 287 Materials and Methods .................................................................................................................................. 288 Experimental Results ..................................................................................................................................... 289 Mechanism of Enhancement ........................................................................................................................ 293 Length and Time Scales ................................................................................................................................. 294 Unsteady State Modeling .............................................................................................................................. 295 Modeling Results ............................................................................................................................................ 298 PART V: BIOSEPARATIONS SCALEUP Strategies To Minimize Fouling in the Membrane Processing ofBiofluids .................................................................................................................................................... 304 Anthony G. Fane, K. J. Kim, P. H. Hodgson, G. Leslie, C. J. D. Fell, А. С. M. Franken, V. Chen, and К. Я Liew The Various Forms of Fouling .................................................................................................................... 304 Retentive Ultrafilters ..................................................................................................................................... 305 Retentive Microfilters — Biomass ................................................................................................................. 309 Solute-Permeable Membranes — Protein Transport ................................................................................. 313 Membrane Pretreatment ................................................................................................................................ 316 xv Role of Functionalized Membrane Separation Technology in Downstream Processing of Biotechnology-Derived Proteins ......................................... 321 Vipin К Garg, Stephen E. Zale, Abdul R. M. Azad, and O. Dile Holton Functionalized Membrane Technology ...................................................................................................... 321 MAb Purification ............................................................................................................................................ 323 Scaleup and Process Development Considerations ................................................................................. 324 Other Applications ......................................................................................................................................... 326 Extraction of Lipases in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems: The Strategy for an Optimization .................................................................................................................................. 331 U. Menge Material and Methods .................................................................................................................................... 331 Results: Optimization Methodology for Phase Partitioning Experiments ........................................ 332 Optimization of Phase Extractions of Lipase from Mucor miehei ........................................................ 334 Influence of the Phase Volume on the Purification Factor .................................................................. 335 Combination of Two-Phase Extractions .................................................................................................... 337 Comparison of the Phase Partitioning of Three Lipases ....................................................................... 337 Salt-Polyethylene Glycol Two-Phase Aqueous Systems To Purify Proteins and Nucleic Acid Mixtures ................................................................................................ 340 Kenneth D. Cole Materials and Methods .................................................................................................................................. 341 Results ............................................................................................................................................................... 343 A Polyethylene Glycol- Sodium Chloride Multiphase System for Extraction of Acid Hydrolysates ................................................................................................. 352 Robin M. Stewart and Paul Todd Materials and Methods .................................................................................................................................. 352 Results and Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 353 PART VI: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN BIOSEPARATIONS An Expert System for Selection and Synthesis of Protein Purification Processes ....................................................................................................................................................... 35g X A. Asenjo and F. Maugeri Selection of Separation Sequence ............................................................................................................... 359 Process Design ............................................................................................................................................... 362 Development of an Expert System ........................................................................,]........... ISSIZZ......... 367 xvi Thermodynamics of Aqueous Mixtures of Salts and Polymers ......................................... 380 Heriberto Cabezas, Jr., Mostafa Kabiri-Badr, Steven M. Snyder, and David C. Szlag Chemical Potential Model ............................................................................................................................ 380 Model Parameters ........................................................................................................................................... 385 Phase Behavior of Polymer-Polymer Systems .......................................................................................... 385 Phase Behavior of Salt-Polymer Systems .................................................................................................. 387 Membrane Affinity Technology for Biomolecule Purification and Diagnostics .......................................................................................................................................... 392 Fook Hai Lee, Kent Murphy, Paul Lin, Sara Vasan, DaranyAn, Suzanne DeMarco, Vincent Forte, and Dennis Pietronigro Technical Data and Product Performance ................................................................................................. 392 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................................... 396 Recycling Free-Flow Focusing: Apparatus and Applications ............................................. 399 James A. Ostrem, Glen Ward, Leon Barstow, Rodolfo Marquez, Thomas R. Van Oosbree, Buck A. Rhodes, and Catherine С Wasmann Instrument Design and Operation .............................................................................................................. 399 Applications ..................................................................................................................................................... 402 INDEX Index ................................................................................................................................................................ 414 XVII
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spellingShingle Frontiers in bioprocessing II proceedings of Frontiers in Biochemistry II, Boulder, Colorado, June 17 - 21, 1990
Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4069491-4
(DE-588)1071861417
title Frontiers in bioprocessing II proceedings of Frontiers in Biochemistry II, Boulder, Colorado, June 17 - 21, 1990
title_auth Frontiers in bioprocessing II proceedings of Frontiers in Biochemistry II, Boulder, Colorado, June 17 - 21, 1990
title_exact_search Frontiers in bioprocessing II proceedings of Frontiers in Biochemistry II, Boulder, Colorado, June 17 - 21, 1990
title_full Frontiers in bioprocessing II proceedings of Frontiers in Biochemistry II, Boulder, Colorado, June 17 - 21, 1990 ed. by Paul Todd ... American Chemical Society
title_fullStr Frontiers in bioprocessing II proceedings of Frontiers in Biochemistry II, Boulder, Colorado, June 17 - 21, 1990 ed. by Paul Todd ... American Chemical Society
title_full_unstemmed Frontiers in bioprocessing II proceedings of Frontiers in Biochemistry II, Boulder, Colorado, June 17 - 21, 1990 ed. by Paul Todd ... American Chemical Society
title_short Frontiers in bioprocessing II
title_sort frontiers in bioprocessing ii proceedings of frontiers in biochemistry ii boulder colorado june 17 21 1990
title_sub proceedings of Frontiers in Biochemistry II, Boulder, Colorado, June 17 - 21, 1990
topic Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd
topic_facet Biotechnologie
Konferenzschrift 1990 Boulder Colo.
url http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003496411&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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