Rural poverty in America

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Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: New York u.a. Auburn House 1992
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adam_text Contents Illustrations ix Foreword by Susan E. Sechler xiii Acknowledgments xvii Introduction: Poverty in Rural America Cynthia M. Duncan and Stephen Sweet xix PART I. THE DYNAMICS OF POVERTY AND MOBILITY IN RURAL AMERICA 1 Overview of the Rural Poor in the 1980s Kenneth L. Deavers and Robert A. Hoppe 3 2 The Growing Problem of Low Earnings in Rural Areas Lucy Gorham 21 3 The Working Poor in Rural Labor Markets: The Example of the Southeastern United States Ann R. Tickamyer 41 4 Long Term Poverty in Rural Areas Terry K. Adams and Greg J. Duncan 63 viii Contents PART H. POOR PEOPLE AND POOR PLACES 5 Race, Gender, and Poverty in the Rural South: African American Single Mothers Bonnie Thornton Dill and Bruce B. Williams 97 6 Persistent Poverty in Appalachia: Scarce Work and Rigid Stratification Cynthia M. Duncan 111 7 Migrant Farm Workers Doris P. Slesinger and Max J, Pfeffer 135 8 American Indians and Economic Poverty C. Matthew Snipp and Gene F. Summers 155 9 Rural Poverty in the Northeast: The Case of Upstate New York Janet M. Fitchen 177 10 The New Poor in Midwestern Farming Communities Cornelia Butler Flora 201 PART III. POLICIES FOR THE RURAL POOR 11 Modernization and the Rural Poor: Some Lessons from History Alice O Connor 215 12 Empowerment and Rural Poverty Steve Suitts , 235 13 Policies to Alleviate Rural Poverty Robert Greenstein and Isaac Shapiro 249 References 265 Index 285 About the Editor and Contributors 297 i Illustrations TABLES 1.1 Selected Characteristics of the Poor by Residence, 1973 and 1987 13 1.2 The Working Poor by Residence, 1973 and 1987 15 2.1 Percentage of Low Earners, Rural and Urban Workers, by Race and Sex, 1979 and 1987 27 2.2 Percentage of Low Earners, Rural and Urban Workers, by Age, 1979 and 1987 28 2.3 Percentage of Low Earners, Rural and Urban Workers, by Education, 1979 and 1987 29 2.4 Percentage of Low Earners, Rural and Urban Workers, by Region, 1979 and 1987 30 2.5 Rural Low Wage Employment by Industry, 1979 and 1987 32 2.6 Rural High Wage Employment by Industry, 1979 and 1987 34 2.7 Distribution of Rural Employment by Sex, 1979 and 1987 35 2.8 Percentage of Rural and Urban Low Earners, by Industry and Sex, 1979 and 1987 35 2.9 Distribution of Rural Employment by Race, 1979 and 1987 36 2.10 Percentage of Rural Low Earners by Race, 1979 and 1987 37 3.1 Measures Used in Analysis of Poverty in Local Labor Market Areas 46 x Illustrations 3.2 Characteristics of Rural and Urban Local Labor Market Areas (LLMAs) in the Southeastern United States 47 3.3 Characteristics of Rural LLMAs with Different Economic Bases 48 3.4 Incidence of Poverty Status and Income Levels among Householders in Rural and Urban LLMAs 49 3.5 Poverty Status of Householders in Rural LLMAs with Different Economic Bases 52 3.6 Industrial and Occupational Categories of Poor and Near Poor Householders in Rural and Urban LLMAs 54 3.7 Mean Poverty and Near Poverty Householder Income for Rural and Urban LLMAs 56 3.8 Mean Income of Poverty and Near Poverty Householders in Rural LLMAs with Different Economic Bases 57 3.9 Sources of Income for Households below the Poverty Line with a Working Age Householder in LLMAs with Different Economic Bases 58 4.1 Incidence of Long Term Poverty by Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Residence, Time Period, and Ethnicity 69 4.2 Demographic Characteristics of Long Term Poor Persons Living in Households with Able bodied Heads 74 4.3 Overall Population Distributions for Demographic Characteristics of Persons Living in Households with Able bodied Heads 75 4.4 Labor Market Characteristics of Long Term Poor Persons Living in Households with Able bodied Heads 80 4.5 Emergency Private Help Available and Transfer Income Receipt for Long Term Poor Persons Living in Households with Able bodied Heads 84 4.6 Underclass and Deserving Characteristics of Long Term Poor Persons 87 7.1 Type of Workers Compensation Coverage for Agricultural Workers by State, 1986 139 7.2 Farms by Amount of Wages Paid, United States, 1987 143 7.3 Distribution of Children in Wisconsin s Migrant Education Program by Total Number of Schools in which Child Enrolled between September 1, 1982, and August 31, 1983 150 Illustrations xi 8.1 Median Incomes and Families with Incomes below Poverty Levels for Blacks, Whites, and American Indians, 1969 and 1979 170 8.2 Median Family Incomes and Families with Incomes below Poverty Levels for American Indians Residing on the Sixteen Largest Reservations in 1980 171 12.1 Voting Record on Poverty Issues: Ratings of Support for New or Expanded Antipoverty Programs, 1965 89 240 12.2 Municipalities of Less Than 2,500 Population without Black Mayors by Racial Composition of Population in the South, 1985 242 FIGURES 1.1 Poverty Rates by Residence, 1967 88 4 1.2 Income by Residence, 1950 80 5 1.3 Farm Poverty, 1959 87 6 1.4 Nonmetro and Farming Counties Per Capita Income as a Percentage of United States Per Capita Income, 1969 87 7 1.5 County Types Per Capita Income as a Percentage of United States Per Capita Income, 1969 87 8 1.6 Effects of In Kind Benefits on Poverty Rates by Residence, 1979 87 11 4.1 Temporal Aspects of Poverty, 1976 85 67 4.2 Incidence of Long Term Poverty among Individuals Living in Households with Able bodied Heads by Location, 1967 76 and 1976 85 70 4.3 Distribution of Ten Year Total Income/Needs for Blacks Living in Households with Able bodied Heads by Location, 1967 76 and 1976 85 71 4.4 Demographic Characteristics of Individuals Living in Nonmetro Households with Able bodied Heads by Race, 1967 76 and 1976 85 72 4.5 Percentage of Long Term Poor Living in Families with Female Heads All or Some of the Time by Race and Location, 1967 76 and 1976 85 77 4.6 Percentage of Heads of Able bodied Long Term Poor Households with Substantial Employment and Unemployment by Location and Race, 1967—76 and 1976 85 79 xii Illustrations 8.1 American Indian Places of Residence 156 8.2 High School Graduates, 1970 and 1980 168 8.3 College Graduates, 1970 and 1980 169 MAPS 1.1 Persistently Low Income Nonmetropolitan Counties in the United States 17 7 1 Migrant Farm Worker Streams in the United States 136 8.1 American Indian Lands and Communities 158 9.1 Rural Counties in New York State 178
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spellingShingle Rural poverty in America
Economic assistance, Domestic United States
Rural poor United States
Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 gnd
Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4034026-0
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title Rural poverty in America
title_auth Rural poverty in America
title_exact_search Rural poverty in America
title_full Rural poverty in America ed. by Cynthia M. Duncan
title_fullStr Rural poverty in America ed. by Cynthia M. Duncan
title_full_unstemmed Rural poverty in America ed. by Cynthia M. Duncan
title_short Rural poverty in America
title_sort rural poverty in america
topic Economic assistance, Domestic United States
Rural poor United States
Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 gnd
Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd
topic_facet Economic assistance, Domestic United States
Rural poor United States
Ländlicher Raum
Armut
USA
Aufsatzsammlung
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