In pursuit of equality women, public policy, and the federal courts
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
St. Martin's Press
1992
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a In pursuit of equality |b women, public policy, and the federal courts |c Susan Gluck Mezey |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Introduction 1
Feminism and Law 1 • Law and Equality 3 • Federal Court
Litigation and Sexual Equality 4 • Outline of the Book 5 •
Notes 7
1 The Constitution and Equality 8
Early Battles for Equality 8 • The Seneca Falls
Convention 9 • Women s Suffrage 10 • The Right to Practice
Law 11 • 77k? Right to Vote 12 • The Right to Work 13 •
The Right to Serve on a Jury 15 • The Modem Equal Protection
Clause 16 • Levels of Scrutiny 16 • Developing a New Level of
Scrutiny for Sex based Laws 17 • Classifying Cases 20 • Striking
the Sex based Laws 20 • Upholding the Sex based Laws: The
Compensation Cases 22 • Upholding the Sex based Laws: The
Physical Differences Cases 25 • A Critique of the Court s Equal
Protection Doctrine 28 • Notes 30
2 Equal Employment Opportunity: Title VII—
The Formative Years 55
Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act 36 • Administrative Policy
making 38 • Sex Discrimination and the EEOC 41 • Provisions
of Title VII 42 • Title VII Litigation 42 • BFOQs and Protective
Legislation 43 • Customer Preferences 45 • The Supreme Court
and Sex plus Discrimination 47 • The Supreme Court and the
BFOQ Defense 48 • Sex segregated Advertising 49 • Notes 51
ix
x Contents
3 Equal Employment Opportunity:
Proving Discrimination 54
Intentional Discrimination: Disparate Treatment Theory 55 • Mixed
Motive Cases 56 • Unintentional Discrimination: Disparate Impact
Theory 57 • Tests and Diplomas as Job Requirements 58 •
Height and Weight Requirements 61 • Subjective Employment
Criteria 62 • New Questions about Disparate Impact
Theory 63 • A New Direction for Disparate Impact Theory 65 •
The Civil Rights Act of 1990 67 • Notes 71
4 Equal Employment Opportunity:
Remedies for Discrimination 74
Affirmative Action 75 • Affirmative Action and the Executive
Branch 76 • Affirmative Action and the Reagan
Administration 11 • Affirmative Action Litigation 80 •
Affirmative Action and the Supreme Court 81 • An Affirmative
Action Plan for Women 82 • The Conflict Continues 86 •
Notes 86
5 Wage Discrimination: From Equal Pay to
Comparable Worth 91
Equal Pay Act Enforcement 92 • Substantially Equal
Jobs 93 • Equal Skill, Effort, and Responsibility 94 • Factors
Other Than Sex 95 • The Supreme Court Rules on Equal
Pay 96 • Inadequacy of the Equal Pay Act 97 • Sex
Segregation 97 • Comparable Worth 99 • Pay Equity and Title
VII 100 • The Bennett Amendment 100 • The Narrow
Interpretation of the Bennett Amendment 101 • A Broad
Interpretation of the Bennett Amendment 102 • The Supreme Court
Decides Gunther 103 • Comparable Worth after Gunther 104 •
Disparate Impact and Comparable Worth 105 • Disparate
Treatment and Comparable Worth 106 • Comparable Worth
Legislation 107 • Notes 108
6 Pregnancy and Employment ///
The Executive Branch and Pregnancy Policy 112 • Forced Maternity
Leaves 113 • Pregnancy Disability and the Equal Protection
Contents xi
Clause 115 • Pregnancy and Title VII 117 • Pregnancy
Disability and Title VII 118 • The PDA Reverses
Gilbert 121 • Enacting the PDA 122 • The Debate
Begins 122 • The Supreme Court and the PDA 123 • The
Supreme Court Approves Preferential Treatment 123 • The Supreme
Court Rejects Preferential Treatment 126 • Another Look at
Preferential Treatment 127 • Pregnancy Policy making 128 •
The Equality Model 129 • A Critique of the Equality Model 129 •
The Preferential Treatment Model 130 • Reconciling
the Debate 130 • National Maternity Policies 132 • State
Maternity Policies 133 • The Family and Medical Leave
Act 134 • Notes 137
7 Equality in Education 142
The Separate but Equal Doctrine 142 • Lower Court Rulings against
Sex Segregation 143 • Support for Separate but Equal in the Lower
Courts 144 • Separate but Equal Survives 146 • Title IX and
Gender Equality 148 • Provisions of Title IX 149 • Legislative
Intent of Title IX 150 • Title IX Regulations 150 • Title IX and
Athletics 151 • Private Rights of Actions under Title
IX 152 • Damages under Title IX 154 • Employees Protected
under Title IX 155 • Narrowing the Reach of Title
IX 156 • Indirect Aid 156 • Program Specificity 157 • The
Congressional Response to Grove City 158 • The Debate over
Abortion Stalls the Grove City Bill 159 • Notes 161
8 Sexual Harassment 166
Judicial Reluctance in Sexual Harassment Suits 167 • Reasons for
Dismissing Sexual Harassment Suits 168 • Early Sexual
Harassment Litigation 169 • A Sexual Harassment Suit Finally
Succeeds 170 • Sexual Harassment Is Based on
Sex 111 • Employer Liability 171 • The EEOC
Guidelines 172 • Hostile Environment Harassment 173 • The
Origins of the Vinson Case 174 • The Supreme Court Rules on
Sexual Harassment 176 • A Final Note on Harassment in the
Workplace 179 • Sexual Harassment in
Academia 179 • Applying Title IX to Sexual
Harassment 180 • Notes 183
xii Contents
9 Equality in the Professions 187
Evaluating Professionals 187 • Women in
Academia 188 • Proving Discrimination 189 • Judicial
Deference 191 • Academic Freedom 191 • Women in
Law 193 • Partnership Decisions 194 • Women in
Accounting 196 • Exclusion from Private Clubs 200 • Freedom
of Association 201 • Applying the Roberts Test 202 • Distinctly
Private Clubs 203 • Retaining the Right to Discriminate 204 •
Women and Family Responsibilities 204 • Notes 206
10 Abortion: The Right to Choose Develops 210
History of Abortion Legislation 212 • Abortion Reform 213 •
Right to Privacy Is Established 214 • Individual Privacy and
Childbearing 215 • The Right to Abortion 125 • The State s
Compelling Interests 216 • Hospital and Physician
Approval 218 • The Dissents in Roe and Doe 219 • The
Trimester Approach 219 • Attempts to Curtail Roe 220 • Saline
Amniocentesis Abortions 221 • Criminal Liability for
Physicians 222 • The Akron Ordinance 223 • Hospitalization for
Second Trimester Abortions 224 • Informed Consent 225 •
O Connor s Dissent 226 • Akron s Companion Cases 227 •
A New Attack on Roe 227 • Informed Consent 228 • Physician s
Duty 229 • The Thornburgh Dissent 230 • Notes 231
11 Abortion: The Right to Choose Narrows 235
Parental Consent 236 • Judicial Bypass 237 • Applying the
Bellotti Standard 239 • Parental Notice for Immature
Minors 239 • State Notice Laws 240 • Two Parent
Notice 241 • One Parent Notice and Judicial
Bypass 243 • Public Opinion and Parental Notice 244 • Public
Funding of Abortions 244 • The Supreme Court and Funding
Limits 245 • Congress and Abortion Funding 247 • Judge
Dooling and the Hyde Amendment 248 • The Supreme Court and
the Hyde Amendment 248 • TheHarris Dissent 249 • Medicaid
Funding Restrictions Continue 250 • The Supreme Court Retreats
from Roe 253 • Oral Arguments 253 • The
Preamble 254 • Public Facilities 255 • Public
Contents xiii
Funds 256 • Viability Testing 256 • The Concurring
Opinions 257 • The Webster Dissent 258 • The Impact of
Webster 259 • Abortion Clinics 260 • Public Opinion on
Abortion 261 • Post Webster Politics 262 • State Abortion
Laws 263 • Back to the Supreme Court 264 • Notes 264
Bibliography 270
Index 281
|
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| spellingShingle | Mezey, Susan Gluck 1944- In pursuit of equality women, public policy, and the federal courts Frau Recht Courts United States Sex discrimination against women Law and legislation United States Women Legal status, laws, etc. United States Women's rights United States Gleichberechtigung (DE-588)4021216-6 gnd Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4021216-6 (DE-588)4018202-2 (DE-588)4115710-2 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | In pursuit of equality women, public policy, and the federal courts |
| title_auth | In pursuit of equality women, public policy, and the federal courts |
| title_exact_search | In pursuit of equality women, public policy, and the federal courts |
| title_full | In pursuit of equality women, public policy, and the federal courts Susan Gluck Mezey |
| title_fullStr | In pursuit of equality women, public policy, and the federal courts Susan Gluck Mezey |
| title_full_unstemmed | In pursuit of equality women, public policy, and the federal courts Susan Gluck Mezey |
| title_short | In pursuit of equality |
| title_sort | in pursuit of equality women public policy and the federal courts |
| title_sub | women, public policy, and the federal courts |
| topic | Frau Recht Courts United States Sex discrimination against women Law and legislation United States Women Legal status, laws, etc. United States Women's rights United States Gleichberechtigung (DE-588)4021216-6 gnd Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Frau Recht Courts United States Sex discrimination against women Law and legislation United States Women Legal status, laws, etc. United States Women's rights United States Gleichberechtigung Rechtsprechung USA |
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