Natural microbial communities ecolog. and physiolog features
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Tokyo u. a.
Japan. Scientific Societies Pr. u. a.
1990
Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; London ; Paris ; Tokyo ; Hong K Springer |
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MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | NATURAL
MICRDBIAL
CaMMUNITIES
Ecological and Physiological Features
Tomomichi Yanagita
With 122 Figures and 88 Tables
JAfttN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES PRESS
Tokyo
SPRINGER-VERLAG
Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong
Contents
PREFACE V
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS XV
I GENERAL FEATURES OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS AND THE
MICROORGANISMS WHICH INHABIT THEM
1 Environmental Aspects of a Microbial Ecosystem 3
Diversity of Environments 3
Distribution of Microorganisms in Various Environments 4
2 Aquatic Environments 10
Classification 10
Features 13
a Water current and stagnation 13
b Marine and inland water environments 14
Aquatic Microbial Community in Relation to
Trophic Level 16
3 Terrestrial Environments 23
Classification and Properties of Soil 23
a Classification 23
b Physical properties 25
c Chemical properties 26
Microbial Community in Soil 28
4 Atmospheric Environments 33
II ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF A NATURAL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY
1 Diversity and Adaptability of Species 37
2 Growth and Physiological States of Microorganisms
in Nature 40
Patterns and Control of Populational Development 40
Growth Rates in Nature 43
Dormancy, Vivacity and Survival of Cells 50
IX
3 Ecological Aspects of Microenvironments 56
Physical Aspects 56
Chemical Aspects 60
Biological Aspects 63
4 Microbial Migration in Natural Environments 65
General Patterns of Microbial Migration 65
Mechanism of Fungal Spore Release 68
Ecology of Aerial Dispersal 74
Aerial Dispersal in Relation to Epidemiology 78
5 Succession 82
Ecosystem and Decomposer Succession 82
Succession in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments 86
6 Segregation 91
III FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF A MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEM
1 General Aspects of the Microbial Utilization of Substrates 97
2 Formation and Decomposition of Natural Organic Complexes 101
Detritus and Dissolved Organic Matter in
Aquatic Environments 101
Mineralization Process in Sediment 106
Decomposition of Organic Matter in
Terrestrial Environments 107
Humus as a Natural Recalcitrant Organic Substrate 112
3 Microbial Transformation of Various Compounds 115
Organic Compounds 115
Inorganic Nitrogenous Compounds 122
a Organisms and reactions 122
b Effect of environmental conditions on
nitrogen transformation 129
c Nitrogen transformation in various environments 133
Sulfur and Phosphorus Transformations 138
a Sulfur transformation 138
b Phosphorus transformation 142
Transformation of Metallic Compounds 146
4 Material Cycles and Food Chain 149
Material Cycles 149
Energy Flow in Relation to the Food Chain 153
Food Chain in an Aquatic Environment 159
CONTENTS xi
IV MICROBIAL INTERACTION WITH THE CHEMICAL AND
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS
A Chemical Environment
1 Nutrient Concentration 171
Microbial Dependency on Nutrient Concentration 171
Oligotrophic Microorganisms 174
a i Definition and classification 174
b Microbial ecology in an oligotrophic environment 176
2 Oxygen Dependency 180
Distribution of Oxygen in a Natural Environment 180
Anaerobic Microorganisms 182
3 Hydrogen Ion Concentration 186
Carbon Dioxide Fixation and pH 186
Acidophilic Microorganisms 190
Alkalophilic Microorganisms 192
B Physical Environment
1 Temperature 194
Thermal Characteristics of Natural Environments 194
Thermophilic Microorganisms 196
a General aspects of thermophiles 196
b Thermophilic mechanism 201
Psychrophilic Microorganisms 207
a General aspects of psychrophiles 207
b Psychrophilic mechanism 211
2 High Hydrostatic Pressure 214
Barophilic Microorganisms 214
Biochemical Activity under High Hydrostatic Pressure 215
3 Water Availability 219
Water Availability and Microbial Ecosystem 219
a Water activity and water potential 219
b Microbial ecology in a water deficient environment 221
Xerophilic(-tolerant) Microorganisms 226
Extremely Halophilic Bacteria 230
4 Interface 235
Physical and Chemical Features of Interface 235
Microbial Ecology at Interface 238
5 Light 241
Microbial Ecology in Relation to Photosynthesis 242
Photodynamic Action and Phototaxis 248
Xll
Diurnal and Other Rhythms 250
V BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS WITH MICROORGANISMS
A Interactions in the Microbial Community
1 General Concepts of Biological Interaction 261
2 Microbial Interactions in Nature 266
Cooperative Interaction 266
Offensive Interaction : 271
3 Mathematical Models of Interaction and
Experimental Results 274
Model Examples 274
Microbial Interactions in Nature with Reference to
Experimental Data 282
B Interactions with Plants
1 Microbial Ecology on Phylloplane and in Rhizosphere 285
Phylloplane and Rhizosphere Microorganisms 285
a Phylloplane microorganisms 285
b Rhizosphere microorganisms 286
2 Phytopathological Aspects of Microbial Ecology 292
Saprophytism and Parasitism 292
Ecology of Infectious Plant Diseases 298
a Host specificity 298
b Pathogenicity 301
c Host defense 307
3 Crown Gall 312
4 Root Nodule —Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation : 316
Nitrogen Fixing Nodules and Related Microorganisms 316
Root Nodule Formation 319
Functional Aspects of Root Nodules 322
5 Mycorrhiza 326
6 Lichen 331
Lichen Symbionts and Morphology 331
Physiology of Lichens 334
Resynthesis of Lichen Thallus 337
C Interactions with Animals
1 Microbial Ecology of Infectious Animal Diseases 340
Pathogenicity and Defense Mechanism 340
Virulence 346
CONTENTS Xlii
Invasion of Pathogens 350
2 Microbial Ecology of Intestinal Tract 352
General Aspects of Intestinal Tract 352
Human Intestine 353
a Bacterial flora 353
b Ecological behavior 355
Rumen 360
a Microorganisms and their metabolisms 360
b Ecological behavior 364
3 Microbial Interactions with Other Animals 367
VI APPLIED ASPECTS OF MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
1 Agriculture 375
General Aspects of Agricultural Fields 375
Paddy Fields 378
2 Food Fermentation 382
General Aspects of Food Fermentation 382
Microorganisms in Food Fermentation and Their
Process Control 384
3 Food Spoilage 393
Spoilage Microflora 393
Process of Food Spoilage in Relation to Food Materials 395
Microbial Food Poisoning 400
4 Pollution 406
Biological Pollution — Water Bloom 406
Chemical Pollution 417
a Toxic metals 417
b Recalcitrant organic substances 422
c Transformation of xenobiotics in a microbial
community 424
Biological Concentration 425
5 Biocontrol and Biohazards 428
Biocontrol 428
Biohazards 437
6 Waste Water Treatment 441
General Aspects of Waste Water Treatment 441
Activated Sludge Process 444
xiv
7 Ore Leaching by Bacteria 452
REFERENCES 455
SUBJECT INDEX 471
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Yanagita, Tomomichi |
| author_facet | Yanagita, Tomomichi |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Yanagita, Tomomichi |
| author_variant | t y ty |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV003347759 |
| classification_rvk | WF 1000 WF 2000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)231052495 (DE-599)BVBBV003347759 |
| discipline | Biologie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV003347759 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T10:57:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540520880 0387520880 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002114761 |
| oclc_num | 231052495 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | XX, 485 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1990 |
| publishDateSearch | 1990 |
| publishDateSort | 1990 |
| publisher | Japan. Scientific Societies Pr. u. a. Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Yanagita, Tomomichi Natural microbial communities ecolog. and physiolog features Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd Mikrobiozönose (DE-588)4169808-3 gnd Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039226-0 (DE-588)4169808-3 (DE-588)4043207-5 (DE-588)4045981-0 |
| title | Natural microbial communities ecolog. and physiolog features |
| title_auth | Natural microbial communities ecolog. and physiolog features |
| title_exact_search | Natural microbial communities ecolog. and physiolog features |
| title_full | Natural microbial communities ecolog. and physiolog features |
| title_fullStr | Natural microbial communities ecolog. and physiolog features |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural microbial communities ecolog. and physiolog features |
| title_short | Natural microbial communities |
| title_sort | natural microbial communities ecolog and physiolog features |
| title_sub | ecolog. and physiolog features |
| topic | Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd Mikrobiozönose (DE-588)4169808-3 gnd Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mikroorganismus Mikrobiozönose Ökologie Physiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002114761&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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