Geochemistry of colloid systems For earth scientists
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| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Berlin
Springer
1979
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| 100 | 1 | |a Yariv, Shmuel |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Geochemistry of colloid systems |b For earth scientists |c S. Yariv ; H. Cross |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin |b Springer |c 1979 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 450 S. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| DE-BY-TUM_katkey | 360888 |
| DE-BY-TUM_media_number | 040050248238 |
| _version_ | 1816711470016102400 |
| adam_text | Contents
Introduction................................ 1
1. What is Colloid Science? ...................... 1
2. Classification of Colloid Systems ................ 2
2.1 Based on States of Matter .................. 2
2.2 Based on Chemical Properties of the Components .. 3
3. Crystal Chemistry of Silicates................... 5
3.1 Island Structure......................... 7
3.2 Chain and Ribbon Structures................ 8
3.3 Layer Structure......................... 9
3.4 Three-dimensional Network................. 11
4. Water .................................. 12
4.1 Fine Structure of Water ................... 13
4.2 Fine Structure of Aqueous Inorganic Salt Solutions . 16
4.3 Fine Structure of Aqueous Solutions of Small Non-
polar Molecules and Radicals ................ 17
4.4 Liquid Boundary Layer.................... 17
4.5 Aqueous Solutions of Hydrophilic Colloids....... 19
References ................................. 22
Chapter 1
Some Geologic Colloid Systems ................... 23
1. Mineralogy of Colloids in the Sedimentary Cycle ...... 23
1.1 Structure of the Common Clay Minerals......... 23
1.2 Hydrous Oxides of Aluminum and Iron ......... 30
2. Soils and Sediments as Colloid Systems ............ 32
2.1 Solid Fraction in Soils and Sediments .......... 34
2.2 Water in Soils and Sediments ................ 36
2.3 Gases in Soils and Sediments ................ 37
2.4 Organic Matter in Soils and Sediments .......... 38
3. Fluidized Beds ............................ 41
4. Magma as a Colloid System .................... 44
4.1 Magmaphilic Polymeric Structures ............ 45
4.2 Magmaphobic Colloids .................... 52
4.3 Emulsions of Immiscible Liquids ............. 54
4.4 Foam of Volatiles ....................... 55
Contents
5. Colloid Systems in Volcanic Eruptions............. 56
5.1 Lava ................................ 58
5.2 Volcanic Smokes ........................ 59
6. The Ocean as a Colloid System.................. 62
6.1 Air-Water Interface ...................... 63
6.2 Gas Bubbles in the Ocean .................. 64
6.3 Suspended Inorganic Solids in the Ocean ........ 65
6.4 Organic Compounds in the Ocean ............. 73
7. The Atmosphere as a Colloid System.............. 77
7.1 Tropospheric Aerosols .................... 79
7.2 Stratospheric Aerosols .................... 85
References ................................. 86
Chapter 2
Physical Chemistry of Surfaces.................... 93
1. Thermodynamics of Heterogeneous Systems......... 94
1.1 Thermodynamic Properties and Quantities of the Inter-
face ................................. 95
1.2 Pressure Dependence of Chemical Potential and of
Water Migration in Compacting Sediments ....... 101
1.3 Surface Tension, the Strength of Intermolecular
Forces and Cleavage of Mineral Crystals......... 102
1.4 Capillary Pressure ....................... 104
1.5 Contact Angle of a Liquid at a Boundary of Three
Phases and the Wetting Process............... 108
2. Liquid Surface ............................ Ill
2.1 Liquid Surface Tension .................... Ill
2.2 Evaporation ........................... 116
3. Sorption ................................ 118
3.1 Sorption of Gases and Vapors by Solids ......... 120
3.2 Sorption by Solids from Solutions ............ 122
3.3 Sorption onto a Liquid-Gas Interface........... 123
3.4 Gas Exchange Across a Gas-Liquid Interface ...... 124
3.5 Ion Exchange .......................... 130
3.6 Sorption and Surface Tension................ 134
4. Electrochemistry of Heterogeneous Systems......... 135
4.1 Electric Double Layer at a Solid-Liquid Interface ... 136
4.2 Electrokinetic Phenomena.................. 143
4.3 Theory of Electrokinetic Phenomena........... 146
4.4 Electric Properties of Dust Storms ............ 151
References ................................. 152
Contents IX
Chapter 3
Formation of Aqueous Solutions and Suspensions of Hydro-
phobic Colloids .............................. 157
1. Condensation Process (Formation of New Phases) ..... 157
1.1 Chemistry of Aluminum in Natural Waters ....... 161
1.2 Chemistry of Iron and Manganese in Natural Waters . 172
2. Dispersion Process .......................... 183
2.1 Physical Weathering ...................... 183
2.2 Chemical Weathering ..................... 186
2.3 Detachment of Particles Caused by Rainfall ...... 194
2.4 Peptization............................ 196
References ................................. 201
Chapter 4
Surface Coatings on Rocks and Grains of Minerals ....... 207
1. Incongruent Dissolution of Silicates .............. 207
2. Sorption from Aqueous Solutions onto Mineral Surfaces . 210
2.1 Sorption by Long-range Interactions ........... 210
2.2 Sorption by Short-range Interactions........... 213
3. Alteration of Minerals by Abrasion ............... 219
3.1 Abrasion of Silica and Silicate Minerals ......... 219
3.2 Abrasion of Calcite ...................... 223
3.3 Abrasion pH Values of Minerals .............. 224
4. Surface Structures of Gibbsite and Goethite ......... 226
References ................................. 227
Chapter 5
Kinetic Properties of Colloid Solutions .............. 231
1. Kinetic Properties of Particles Dispersed in Still Fluids . . 231
1.1 Brownian Movement ..................... 231
1.2 Diffusion ............................. 231
1.3 Sedimentation.......................... 235
2. Kinetic Properties of Particles in Flowing Fluids ...... 237
2.1 Laminar and Turbulent Flow ................ 237
2.2 Fluid Drag ............................ 238
2.3 Dispersion of Particles in a Turbulent System ..... 241
2.4 Entrainment of Sediment .................. 242
References ................................. 244
X Contents
Chapter 6
Colloid Geochemistry of Silica.................... 247
1. Surface Chemistry of Silica .................... 248
1.1 Functional Groups on Silica................. 248
1.2 Functional Groups on Silica-Alumina .......... 259
1.3 Opals................................ 262
2. Silica in Aqueous Solutions .................... 264
2.1 Polymerization and Depolymerization of Silicic Acid . 264
2.2 Solubility of Silica ....................... 266
2.3 Silica Sorption by Minerals ................. 273
2.4 Silica in Natural Waters.................... 276
References ................................. 282
Chapter 7
Colloid Geochemistry of Clay Minerals .............. 287
1. Functional Groups on Clay Minerals and Ion Exchange
Reactions................................ 287
1.1 Broken-bond Surfaces ................... 287
1.2 Interlayer Space of 2:1-Type Clay Minerals....... 293
1.3 The Flat Oxygen and Hydroxyl Planes.......... 300
2. Interaction Between Clay Minerals and Organic
Compounds .............................. 302
2.1 Sorption of Organic Ions by Clay Minerals ....... 302
2.2 Sorption of Organic Polar Molecules by Clay Minerals 307
2.3 Organic Reactions Catalyzed by Clay Minerals..... 312
3. Solubility of Clay Minerals .................... 313
4. Environmental Effects on Clay Mineralogy .......... 318
4.1 Origin of Primary-stage (Neoformation) Clay Minerals
and Their Related Environment .............. 321
4.2 Environmental Relationships of N + 1 Stage Clay
Minerals.............................. 326
References ................................. 327
Chapter 8
Interaction Between Solid Particles Dispersed in Colloid
Systems................................... 335
1. Interaction Between Solid Particles Dispersed in a Gaseous
Phase................................... 335
1.1 Van Der Waals—London Forces Between Disperse
Particles.............................. 336
1.2 Electrostatic Forces Between Disperse Particles .... 337
Contents XI
1.3 Effect of Adsorbed Water Monolayer on Desert
Varnish .............................. 337
2. Aggregation of Participate Matter in the Hydrosphere ... 337
2.1 Interactions Between Solid Particles Dispersed in a
Liquid Medium ......................... 337
2.2 Stability of Aqueous Hydrophobic Colloid Solutions
and Suspensions ........................ 343
2.3 Coagulation in Natural Waters ............... 349
3. Soil Aggregates ............................ 353
3.1 Interaction Between Clay Particles ............ 355
3.2 Interaction Between Sand Grains ............. 360
3.3 Reactions of Humic Substances with Mineral Soil
Components ........................... 363
3.4 Pore Space in Soils....................... 369
3.5 Stability of Aqueous Soil Dispersions and the Migra-
tion of Soil Constituents ................... 369
References ................................. 373
Chapter 9
Rheology of Colloid Systems ..................... 379
1. Flow Behavior of Suspensions .................. 379
2. Rheology of Dispersions in the Hydrosphere......... 383
2.1 Rheology of Dilute Dispersions .............. 384
2.2 Rheology of Concentrated Dispersions and Muds ... 388
3. Rheology of Sediments of Silicate Minerals.......... 391
3.1 Wet Sediments of Sand Grains ............... 394
3.2 Argillaceous Sediments .................... 395
4. Viscosity of Magmas......................... 397
References ................................. 399
Chapter 10
Colloid Geochemistry of Argillaceous Sediments ........ 401
1. Microstructure of Argillaceous Sediments........... 404
1.1 Microstructure of Fresh Sediments ............ 405
1.2 Microstructure of Compacted Sediments ........ 406
2. Aging and Diagenetic Alteration of Smectites in Argil-
laceous Sediments .......................... 408
3. Surface Chemistry of Solutes Flow Through Argillaceous
Sediments ............................... 413
3.1 Nature of Pores in Shales................... 414
3.2 Effect of Migrating Water on the Migration of Solutes 415
XII Contents
4. Diagenesis of Organic Matter and Oil Generation in Argil-
laceous Sediments .......................... 419
4.1 Petroleum Origin Related to Kerogen .......... 422
4.2 Generation of Hydrocarbons ................ 424
References ................................. 426
Author Index ............................... 431
Mineral Index ............................... 441
Subject Index ............................... 443
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Yariv, Shmuel Cross, Harold |
| author_facet | Yariv, Shmuel Cross, Harold |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Yariv, Shmuel |
| author_variant | s y sy h c hc |
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| dewey-full | 551.9 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| dewey-raw | 551.9 |
| dewey-search | 551.9 |
| dewey-sort | 3551.9 |
| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV002256149 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-25T17:10:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540089802 0387089802 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001482598 |
| oclc_num | 301665204 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-83 DE-188 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M490 |
| owner_facet | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-83 DE-188 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M490 |
| physical | XII, 450 S. Ill. |
| psigel | TUB-nveb |
| publishDate | 1979 |
| publishDateSearch | 1979 |
| publishDateSort | 1979 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Yariv, Shmuel Cross, Harold Geochemistry of colloid systems For earth scientists Colloïdes ram Géochimie ram Geochemie (DE-588)4020198-3 gnd Kolloidchemie (DE-588)4134420-0 gnd Kolloid (DE-588)4164695-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020198-3 (DE-588)4134420-0 (DE-588)4164695-2 |
| title | Geochemistry of colloid systems For earth scientists |
| title_auth | Geochemistry of colloid systems For earth scientists |
| title_exact_search | Geochemistry of colloid systems For earth scientists |
| title_full | Geochemistry of colloid systems For earth scientists S. Yariv ; H. Cross |
| title_fullStr | Geochemistry of colloid systems For earth scientists S. Yariv ; H. Cross |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geochemistry of colloid systems For earth scientists S. Yariv ; H. Cross |
| title_short | Geochemistry of colloid systems |
| title_sort | geochemistry of colloid systems for earth scientists |
| title_sub | For earth scientists |
| topic | Colloïdes ram Géochimie ram Geochemie (DE-588)4020198-3 gnd Kolloidchemie (DE-588)4134420-0 gnd Kolloid (DE-588)4164695-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Colloïdes Géochimie Geochemie Kolloidchemie Kolloid |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001482598&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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