The biology and utilization of shrubs
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San Diego [u.a.]
Acad. Press
1989
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The biology and utilization of shrubs |c ed. by Cyrus M. McKell |
| 264 | 1 | |a San Diego [u.a.] |b Acad. Press |c 1989 | |
| 300 | |a XX, 656 S. |b Ill., Kt. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-TUM_call_number | 1001/10.1989 A 1048 |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-TUM_katkey | 773398 |
| DE-BY-TUM_media_number | 040002216353 |
| _version_ | 1816711748879646720 |
| adam_text | Contents
Contributors xv
Preface xix
Part I. Shrublands of the World s Continents
1. North American Shrublands 3
Cyrus M. McKell and Edmundo Garcia-Moya
I. Introduction 3
II. Types of Shrublands 5
III. Development and Management of Shrublands 16
IV. Summary 20
References 21
2. South American Shrublands 25
Osvaldo A. Fernandez, Roberto M. Bôo, and Luis F. Sanchez
I. Introduction 25
II. Patagonia 28
HI. Monte 31
IV. Southern Espinal 37
V. Chaco Woodland 39
VI. Puna and Prepuna 42
VII. Central Chile 44
VIII. Cerrado and Llanos 46
IX. Caatinga 52
X. Guajira 53
XI. Coastal Desert 54
References 55
n Contents
3. Australia: Distribution, Characteristics,
and Utilization of Shrublands 61
V. R. Squires
I. Introduction 61
II. Australian Shrublands 65
III. Conclusions 87
References 88
4. Mediterranean Europe and East Mediterranean Shrublands 93
Zev Naveh
I. Introduction 93
II. Distribution and General Description 94
HI. Physical Environment 98
IV. Evolution and Dynamics of Mediterranean Shrublands 102
V. Multipurpose Afforestation, Brush Range Conversion,
and Multiple Land Use Patterns 110
VI. The Need for New Approaches and
Attitudes in Shrubland Management 112
VII. Discussion and Conclusions 114
References 115
5. The Shrublands of Africa 119
Henri N. Le Houérou
I. Introduction 119
II. The Major Native Shrub Communities 120
III. Traditional Uses of Intertropical Shrubs and
Shrublands 130
IV. Browse Plantations in the Tropics 133
V. Biology, Multiplication, and Utilization
of Intertropical Shrubs 134
VI. Present Evolution of African Shrublands
and Long-Term Consequences 136
VII. Conclusion: Toward Ecological Management
of Shrubland Ecosystems 138
References 139
6. Southern African Shrublands 145
E. J. Moll and A. A. Gubb
I. Introduction 145
II. Physiography and Geology 149
III. Climate 149
IV. Soils 151
Contents vii
V. Historical Perspective 152
VI. Vegetation 156
VII. Utilization 162
VIII. Conservation 170
References 171
7. Shrublands of the Indian Subcontinent 177
K. M. M. Dakshini
I. Introduction 177
II. Climate, Soil Types, and General Distributional
Patterns of Shrubs 178
III. Shrubs of Different Regions 180
IV. Utilization and Potential 186
V. Problems and Prospects 193
References 195
8. Shrublands of the USSR in Asia 199
Horst Paetzold
I. Introduction 199
II. The Steppes of Eurasia 201
III. Semideserts and Deserts in Asia 205
IV. Management of Shrublands in Asia/USSR in the Past,
Present, and Future 221
References 222
9. Shrublands of China 225
Zhao Songqiao and Liu Huaxun
I. Introduction 225
II. Distribution of Vegetation Zones and Shrublands
in China 226
III. Main Shrubland Types in China 228
IV. Uses of Shrublands in China 237
V. Problems and Prospects 244
References 245
Part II. Environmental Influences and Plant Responses
10. Shrubs as a Growth Form 249
G. Orshan
I. Introduction 249
II. Description of Monocharacter Growth Forms 251
viii Contents
III. Monocharacter Growth Form Spectra of Selected
Mediterranean-Type Shrub Communities in Israel
and South Africa 257
IV. Conclusions 262
References 264
11. Shrub Palatability 267
Cyrus M. McKell
I. Introduction 267
II. Factors Affecting Palatability 269
III. Summary 280
References 280
12. Spatial Pattern-Functional Interactions
in Shrub-Dominated Plant Communities 283
NeilE. West
I. Introduction 283
II. Definitions 284
III. Interactions of Spatial Patterns with Ecosystem
Functions 286
IV. Implications of Shrub Spatial Patterns for Inventory,
Wildland Management, Habitat Manipulation,
and Ecosystem Restoration 298
V. Conclusions 300
References 300
13. The Role of Shrubs in Plant Community Diversity 307
Cyrus M. McKell
I. The Role of Shrubs in Plant Community Diversity 307
II. Need for Diversity in Seeded Grass Monocultures 311
III. Shrubs Increase Opportunities for Multiple Use 311
IV. Ways to Establish Shrubs to Achieve Diversity
in a Seeded Grass Monoculture 314
V. Crested Wheatgrass Plantings: An Example
of Needed Diversity 315
VI. Summary 318
References 318
Part III. Genetic Variability in Shrubs
14. Evolution of Shrubs 323
Howard C. Stutz
I. Introduction 323
II. The Shrub Habit 324
Contents ix
III. The Challenge 325
IV. The Origin of Species 328
V. Summary 339
References 340
15. Breeding Systems in Shrubs 341
E. Durant McArthur
I. Introduction 341
II. Shrub Distribution and Dominance 343
III. Chromosome Systems 345
IV. Pollination and Breeding Systems 348
V. Dispersal and Establishment 356
VI. Marginal Populations 356
References 357
Part IV. Physiological Adaptation of Shrubs
16. Moisture Stress Adaptation in Shrubs 365
Ronald J. Newton and Joseph R. Goodin
I. Introduction 365
II. Drought Resistance 366
III. Maintenance of High Tissue Water Potential 366
IV. Drought Tolerance at Low Water Potential 370
V. Summary 378
References 378
17. Temperature Stress Adaptation 385
Ronald J. Newton and Joseph R. Goodin
I. Introduction 385
II. Resistance to Temperature Stress 386
III. Responses to Chilling Temperature 387
IV. Responses to Freezing Temperature 390
V. Acclimation (Hardening) to Low Temperature 392
VI. Responses to High Temperature 393
VII. Summary 398
References 399
Part V. Multiple Uses of Shrubs
18. Nutritive Value of Shrubs 405
Bruce L Welch
I. Introduction 405
II. Nutrient Needs of Range Animals 406
x Contents
III. Nutritive Value of Shrubs 410
IV. Optimizing Shrub Use 419
V. Summary 421
References 422
19. Fodder Shrubs for Range Improvement: The Syrian Experience 425
Omar Draz
I. Introduction 425
II. The Shrub Plantation Program 432
III. Integration of Fodder Shrub Use with Total Range Use
and Livestock Production 438
References 439
20. Shrubs as Habitats for Wildlife 441
Philip J. Urness
I. Introduction 441
II. Shrubs as Protection from Weather 442
III. Shrubs as Protection from Harassment 448
IV. Shrub Stands as Breeding Complexes 451
References 454
21. Reclamation and Erosion Control Using Shrubs 459
Dennis J. Hansen
I. Introduction 459
II. Project Planning 461
III. Shrub Establishment—Problems and Solutions 464
IV. Monitoring Revegetation Efforts and Handling
Special Problems 475
References 476
22. Use of Shrubs for Fuel 479
James A. Young, Jerry D. Budy, and Raymond A. Evans
I. Introduction 479
II. Magnitude of the Fuel Problem 480
III. Charcoal Production 483
IV. Second-Generation Technology 483
V. Open-Hearth Efficiency 485
VI. Developed Countries 486
VII. Choice of Woody Species for Energy Plantations 491
VIII. Perspective 491
References 491
Contents xi
23. Shrubs in the Naturalized Landscape 493
G Michael Alder and W. Kent Ostler
I. Introduction 493
II. The Role of Native Shrubs in Sustaining
the Naturalized Landscape 495
III. Receptivity of the Landscaping Industry
to Native Shrubs 495
IV. The Increasing Economic Benefits of Landscaping
with Native Shrubs 497
V. Essential Components in Utilizing Native Shrubs
for Landscaping 499
VI. Aesthetics—A Prime Attribute Available
with Native Shrubs 504
VII. Overview 505
References 506
Part VI. Shrub Establishment and Management
24. Seed Collecting, Processing, and Storage 511
Claire Gabriel Dunne
I. Site Adaptability 511
II. Preparing for the Harvest 512
III. Harvesting 514
IV. Care of Seed after Harvest 515
V. Processing 516
VI. Storage 517
References 518
25. Seed Production from Plantations 519
Gordon A. Van Epps
I. Introduction 519
II. Choice of Planting Stock 521
III. Types of Planting Material 522
IV. Orchard Location 524
V. Orchard Design 525
VI. Cultural Practices 527
VII. Seed Harvesting 529
References 532
26. Native Shrub Propagation and Nursery Stock Production 535
G Michael Alder and W. Kent Ostler
I. Introduction 535
II. Native Shrubs Produced from Seed 536
xij Contents
III. Native Shrubs Produced Asexually 539
IV. Production of Native Shrubs in a Nursery 542
V. Contract Production of Nursery Stock 549
VI. Overview 550
References 550
27. Forage Shrub Production on Salt-Affected Soils 553
C. V Malcolm
I. Introduction 553
II. Salt-Tolerant Forage Shrub Resources 554
III. Selecting Forage Shrubs for Salt-Affected Soils 555
IV. Factors Affecting Establishment 559
V. Field Establishment Methods 565
VI. Summary 569
References 570
28. Management Practices for Shrub-Dominated Lands
to Assure Multiple-Use Benefits 575
Cyrus M. McKell
I. Introduction 575
II. Historical Aspects of Management Impacts
on Shrublands 576
III. Need for Improved Management 579
IV. Improving Shrubland Productivity 581
V. Summary 587
References 588
Part VII. Social and Economic Aspects of Shrubs
29. The Pokot Way with Thorny Shrubs: A Case Example 593
Francis Paine Conant
I. Introduction 593
II. Shrubland Populations and the Pokot Case 594
III. Pokot and Neighbors: Basic Management Strategies 596
IV. Pokot Maintenance of Acacia and Grassland 597
V. Summary and Conclusions 600
References 601
30. An Assessment of the Economic Feasibility of Fodder Shrubs
Plantation (with Particular Reference to Africa) 603
Henri N. Le Houérou
I. Introduction 603
II. Evaluation of Shrubs 604
Contents xiii
III. Shadow Prices and Other Problem Subjects 606
IV. Case Studies 613
V. Discussion 626
VI. Summary and Conclusions 627
References 628
Index 631
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| indexdate | 2024-11-25T17:14:19Z |
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| isbn | 0124848109 |
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| spellingShingle | The biology and utilization of shrubs Buschsavanne (DE-588)4235390-7 gnd Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd Nutzung (DE-588)4120814-6 gnd Strauchsteppe (DE-588)4222022-1 gnd Strauch (DE-588)4057974-8 gnd |
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| title | The biology and utilization of shrubs |
| title_auth | The biology and utilization of shrubs |
| title_exact_search | The biology and utilization of shrubs |
| title_full | The biology and utilization of shrubs ed. by Cyrus M. McKell |
| title_fullStr | The biology and utilization of shrubs ed. by Cyrus M. McKell |
| title_full_unstemmed | The biology and utilization of shrubs ed. by Cyrus M. McKell |
| title_short | The biology and utilization of shrubs |
| title_sort | the biology and utilization of shrubs |
| topic | Buschsavanne (DE-588)4235390-7 gnd Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd Nutzung (DE-588)4120814-6 gnd Strauchsteppe (DE-588)4222022-1 gnd Strauch (DE-588)4057974-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Buschsavanne Ökologie Biologie Nutzung Strauchsteppe Strauch Aufsatzsammlung |
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