An introduction to carbonate sediments and rocks

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1. Verfasser: Scoffin, Terence P. (VerfasserIn)
Format: Buch
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Glasgow u.a. Blackie 1987
Ausgabe:1. publ.
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text Contents Introduction 1 Part 1 Carbonate minerals and grains 3 1 Carbonate minerals 3 1.1 Crystallography 3 1.2 Substitutions 4 Selected reading 7 2 Limestone classification 8 2.1 Folk classification 8 2.2 Dunham classification 9 Selected reading 1 3 Definitions of some common marine environmental and ecological terms 12 3.1 Marine environmental terms 12 3.2 Marine ecological terms 3 Selected reading 14 Part 2 Carbonate grains 15 4 Skeletal carbonates 15 4.1 Foraminiferida 4.2 Calpionellida 21 4.3 Cricoconarida 22 4.4 Mollusca 22 4.5 Brachiopoda 26 4.6 Echinodermata 27 4.7 Bryozoa 28 4.8 Cnidaria 30 4.9 Porifera 34 4.10 Archaeocyathida 36 4.11 Ascidiacea 37 4.12 Crustacea 37 4.13 Annelida 39 4.14 Calcareous algae 4° 4.15 Non-calcareous skeletal groups - Selected reading 5 Non-skeletal grains 52 5.1 Carbonate lithoclasts ^2 5.2 Carbonate mud . 5.3 Pellets and peloids 56 5.4 Ooids 5J 5.5 Relict grains 3 Selected reading Part 3 Depositional processes 61 6 Sedimentation of carbonate grains 61 6.1 Intrabasinal origin 6.2 Organic influence on sedimentation °3 6.3 Component composition of carbonates 63 6.4 Breakdown of grains ^ 6.5 Hydraulic behaviour of grains 68 6.6 Mechanical stabilization of grains 70 6.7 Bioturbation 73 6.8 Summary of the texture of carbonate sediments 74 Selected reading vjü CONTENTS 7 Reef growth 7.1 Reef definition 11 7.2 Structure of reef framework •; Selected reading ijjj Part 4 Diagenesis m 8 Marine diagenesis 90 8.1 CaCO3 saturation in sea water yu 8.2 Marine cements ^2 8.3 Place of marine lithification 8.4 Marine neomorphism Selected reading 10^ 9 Meteoric and burial diagenesis 9.1 Vadosezone 106 9.2 Phreatic zone °7 9.3 Transformation of aragonite and Mg calcite to calcite 108 9.4 Diagenetic fibrous calcites 2 9.5 Neomorphism of ooids 2 9.6 Mixing zone 3 9.7 Deeper burial setting 113 9.8 Structures generated by compressive and tensional stresses 115 9.9 Trace element and oxygen and carbon isotope changes during diagenesis 117 9.10 Rates of stabilization and diagenetic sequences 120 9.11 Diagenesis of lime muds 122 9.12 Diagenesis of deep sea oozes 123 9.13 Summary of crystal size and shape of diagenetic CaCO3 124 9.14 Growth of calcite cement and neomorphic spar 126 9.15 Cement stratigraphy 127 9.16 Neomorphic spar 129 Selected reading 130 10 Dolomite 132 10.1 Nature of the mineral 132 10.2 Origin 132 10.3 Occurrence and mechanisms of formation 134 Selected reading 137 11 Diagenesis of impure limestones and the formation of bedding 138 11.1 Organic-rich calcareous shales 138 11.2 Concretions and nodules 139 11.3 Bedding in limestones 142 11.4 Common replacement minerals 144 Selected reading 145 Part S Carbonate environments 146 12 Terrestrial carbonates 146 12.1 Subaerial exposure surfaces 146 12.2 Lacustrine carbonates 152 12.3 Aeolian carbonates 154 Selected reading 155 13 Marine carbonates: temperate seas 156 13.1 Carbonate grain associations in shallow seas 156 13.2 Tropical versus temperate shallow-water carbonate sediments 158 13.3 Temperate seas 159 13.4 Sea-mounts I62 Selected reading 1^2 14 Marine carbonates: tropical seas |gi 14.1 Littoral zones ,,, 14.2 Restricted platforms ]7, 14.3 Open platforms j^ 14.4 Platform margins: non-rimmed and rimmed jot CONTENTS IX 14.5 Platform slope-basin margins 205 14.6 Basins 213 Selected reading 217 Part 6 Ancient limestones 221 15 A note on uniformitarianism 221 15.1 Long-term (secular) changes in sea-level and climate 221 15.2 Organic evolution 223 15.3 Continental drift 224 15.4 Glacio-eustatic sea-level changes 224 15.5 Catastrophic events 225 15.6 Preservation potential and bias in observations 226 Selected reading 226 16 Controls on carbonate fades patterns 226 16.1 Relative sea-level changes 228 16.2 Sea-level oscillations 230 16.3 Reconstruction of depositional setting 231 Selected reading 231 17 Examples of fades sequences 232 17.1 Permian Reef Complex, Guadalupe Mountains, USA 232 17.2 Foreslope mud mounds—Dinantian of Europe 236 17.3 Shallowing-upwards carbonate platform with patch reefs—Much Wenlock Limestone, England 238 17.4 Platform cycles, Mid-Jurassic, Paris Basin, France 243 17.5 Tidal flat deposits. Upper Jurassic, Dorset, England 245 Selected reading 246 Part 7 Economic aspects 248 18 Hydrocarbon reservoirs in carbonate rocks 248 18.1 Porosity in carbonates 248 18.2 Distribution of hydrocarbon-producing carbonate reservoir rocks 258 Selected reading 260 19 Carbonates and ore deposits 261 19.1 Mississippi Valley Type ore deposits 261 19.2 Deep-water euxinic and sabkha type ore bodies 264 19.3 Sedimentary ironstones 265 Selected reading 265 20 Quarried limestone 265 Index 267 CONTENTS IX 14.5 Platform slope-basin margins 205 14.6 Basins 213 Selected reading 217 Part 6 Ancient limestones 221 15 A note on uniformitarianism 221 15.1 Long-term (secular) changes in sea-level and climate 221 15.2 Organic evolution 223 15.3 Continental drift 224 15.4 Glacio-eustatic sea-level changes 224 15.5 Catastrophic events 225 15.6 Preservation potential and bias in observations 226 Selected reading 226 16 Controls on carbonate fades patterns 226 16.1 Relative sea-level changes 228 16.2 Sea-level oscillations 230 16.3 Reconstruction of depositional setting 231 Selected reading 231 17 Examples of fades sequences 232 17.1 Permian Reef Complex, Guadalupe Mountains, USA 232 17.2 Foreslope mud mounds—Dinantian of Europe 236 17.3 Shallowing-upwards carbonate platform with patch reefs—Much Wenlock Limestone, England 238 17.4 Platform cycles, Mid-Jurassic, Paris Basin, France 243 17.5 Tidal flat deposits. Upper Jurassic, Dorset, England 245 Selected reading 246 Part 7 Economic aspects 248 18 Hydrocarbon reservoirs in carbonate rocks 248 18.1 Porosity in carbonates 248 18.2 Distribution of hydrocarbon-producing carbonate reservoir rocks 258 Selected reading 260 19 Carbonates and ore deposits 261 19.1 Mississippi Valley Type ore deposits 261 19.2 Deep-water euxinic and sabkha type ore bodies 264 19.3 Sedimentary ironstones 265 Selected reading 265 20 Quarried limestone 265 Index 267
any_adam_object 1
author Scoffin, Terence P.
author_facet Scoffin, Terence P.
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Geographie
edition 1. publ.
format Book
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physical IX, 274 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
publishDate 1987
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spellingShingle Scoffin, Terence P.
An introduction to carbonate sediments and rocks
Carbonates
Carbonates ram
Roches carbonatées
Sédimentation (géologie) ram
Sédiments (Géologie)
Rocks, Carbonate
Sediments (Geology)
Carbonatgestein (DE-588)4147301-2 gnd
Carbonate (DE-588)4147300-0 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4147301-2
(DE-588)4147300-0
title An introduction to carbonate sediments and rocks
title_auth An introduction to carbonate sediments and rocks
title_exact_search An introduction to carbonate sediments and rocks
title_full An introduction to carbonate sediments and rocks
title_fullStr An introduction to carbonate sediments and rocks
title_full_unstemmed An introduction to carbonate sediments and rocks
title_short An introduction to carbonate sediments and rocks
title_sort an introduction to carbonate sediments and rocks
topic Carbonates
Carbonates ram
Roches carbonatées
Sédimentation (géologie) ram
Sédiments (Géologie)
Rocks, Carbonate
Sediments (Geology)
Carbonatgestein (DE-588)4147301-2 gnd
Carbonate (DE-588)4147300-0 gnd
topic_facet Carbonates
Roches carbonatées
Sédimentation (géologie)
Sédiments (Géologie)
Rocks, Carbonate
Sediments (Geology)
Carbonatgestein
Carbonate
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