Statistical methods in medical research

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Hauptverfasser: Armitage, Peter 1924- (VerfasserIn), Berry, Geoffrey (VerfasserIn)
Format: Buch
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Oxford [u.a.] Blackwell Scientific Publ. 1987
Ausgabe:2. ed.
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text Titel: Statistical methods in medical research Autor: Armitage, Peter Jahr: 1987 Contents Preface to Second Edition.................................................................... xi 1 The Scope of Statistics......................................................................... 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Diagrams 5 1.3 Tabulation and data processing 8 1.4 Summarizing numerical data 15 1.5 Means and other measures of location 26 1.6 Measures of variation 32 2 Probability............................................................................................ 42 2.1 The meaning of probability 42 2.2 Probability calculations 45 2.3 Probability distributions 49 2.4 Expectation 53 2.5 The binomial distribution 56 2.6 The Poisson distribution 60 2.7 The normal (or Gaussian) distribution 67 2.8 Bayes’ theorem 73 2.9 Subjective probability 76 3 Sampling.................................................................................................78 3.1 Population and sample 78 3.2 The sampling error of a mean 80 3.3 The sampling error of a proportion 84 3.4 The sampling error of a variance 85 3.5 The sampling error of a difference 88 3.6 Some other variance formulae 90 4 Statistical Inference.............................................................................. 93 4.1 General 93 4.2 Significance tests on a sample mean 94 4.3 Interval estimation of a mean 100 4.4 Comparison of two means 104 4.5 Inferences from variances 112 4.6 Comparison of two variances 112 4.7 Inferences from proportions 115 4.8 Comparison of two proportions 120 4.9 2x2 tables and x 2 tests 125 4.10 Inferences from counts 132 4.11 Comparison of two counts 134 4.12 Likelihood and Bayesian methods 137 vii CONTENTS 5 Regression and Correlation..................................................................141 5.1 Association 141 5.2 Linear regression 143 5.3 Correlation 150 5.4 Sampling errors in regression and correlation 152 6 The Planning of Statistical Investigations............................................160 6.1 General 160 6.2 The planning of surveys: estimation of population parameters 161 6.3 Surveys to investigate associations 168 6.4 The design of experiments 172 6.5 Clinical trials 175 6.6 The size of a statistical investigation 179 7 Comparison of Several Groups.............................................................186 7.1 One-way analysis of variance 186 7.2 The method of weighting 194 7.3 Components of variance 196 7.4 Multiple comparisons 200 7.5 Comparison of several proportions: the 2 x k contingency table 205 7.6 General contingency tables 208 7.7 Comparison of several variances 209 7.8 Comparison of several counts: the Poisson heterogeneity test 211 8 Further Analysis of Variance...............................................................214 8.1 Two-way analysis of variance: randomized blocks 214 8.2 The simple crossover design 222 8.3 Factorial designs 227 8.4 Latin squares 239 8.5 Other incomplete designs 245 8.6 Split-unit designs 251 8.7 Nonorthogonal two-way tables: some simple cases 257 9 Further Analysis of Straight-Line Data...............................................264 9.1 Analysis of variance applied to regression 264 9.2 Errors in both variables 270 9.3 Straight lines through the origin 272 9.4 Regression in groups 273 9.5 The analysis of covariance 282 CONTENTS ix 10 Multiple Measurements........................................................................296 10.1 Multiple regression 296 10.2 Multiple regression in groups 312 10.3 Polynomial and other curvilinear regressions 318 10.4 Multiple regression in the analysis of nonorthogonal data 324 10.5 Multivariate methods 326 10.6 Time series 347 10.7 Repeated measurements and growth curves 353 11 Data Editing.........................................................................................358 11.1 Preliminary remarks 358 11.2 Transformations in general 358 11.3 Logarithmic and power transformations 360 11.4 Transformations for proportions 364 11.5 Normal plots 368 11.6 Outlying observations 368 12 Further Analysis of Qualitative Data..................................................371 12.1 Introduction 371 12.2 Components of y 2 371 12.3 Combination of 2 x 2 tables 380 12.4 Combination of rxc tables 385 12.5 Generalized linear models 386 12.6 Standardization 399 12.7 Goodness of fit of frequency distributions 405 13 Distribution-Free Methods...................................................................408 13.1 Introduction 408 13.2 One-sample tests for location 409 13.3 Two-sample tests for location 411 13.4 Rank correlation 417 13.5 Estimation and general comments 419 14 Survival Analysis...................................................................................421 14.1 Introduction 421 14.2 Life tables 422 14.3 Follow-up studies 424 14.4 Sampling errors in the life table 427 14.5 The product-limit estimate of survival 428 14.6 The logrank test 429 14.7 Parametric models 433 14.8 Regression and proportional-hazards models 435 14.9 The subject-years method 438 X CONTENTS 15 Sequential Methods...............................................................................440 15.1 General 440 15.2 Sequential tests for binary data 442 15.3 Normal approximations 449 15.4 Group sequential plans 451 15.5 Concluding remarks 454 16 Statistical Methods in Epidemiology....................................................455 16.1 Introduction 455 16.2 Relative risk 456 16.3 Attributable risk 469 16.4 Diagnostic tests and screening procedures 472 16.5 Disease clustering 478 17 Biological Assay...................................................................................484 17.1 Introduction 484 17.2 Parallel-line assays 486 17.3 Slope-ratio assays 492 17.4 Quantal-response assays 495 18 Statistical Computation........................................................................499 Appendix Tables...................................................................................506 References.............................................................................................527 Author Index.........................................................................................539 Subject Index 543
any_adam_object 1
author Armitage, Peter 1924-
Berry, Geoffrey
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author_facet Armitage, Peter 1924-
Berry, Geoffrey
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discipline Mathematik
Wirtschaftswissenschaften
Medizin
edition 2. ed.
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publishDate 1987
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publisher Blackwell Scientific Publ.
record_format marc
spellingShingle Armitage, Peter 1924-
Berry, Geoffrey
Statistical methods in medical research
Biométrie
Echantillonnage
Estatistica Aplicada As Ciencias Da Saude larpcal
Geneeskunde gtt
Médecine
Médecine - Recherche - Méthodes statistiques
Probabilité
Recherche
Régression
Statistique - Science
Statistiques comme sujet - Méthode
Statistische methoden gtt
Medizin
Biometry
Medical statistics
Research
Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd
Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd
Medizinische Statistik (DE-588)4127563-9 gnd
Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4038971-6
(DE-588)4056995-0
(DE-588)4127563-9
(DE-588)4038243-6
title Statistical methods in medical research
title_auth Statistical methods in medical research
title_exact_search Statistical methods in medical research
title_full Statistical methods in medical research P. Armitage and G. Berry
title_fullStr Statistical methods in medical research P. Armitage and G. Berry
title_full_unstemmed Statistical methods in medical research P. Armitage and G. Berry
title_short Statistical methods in medical research
title_sort statistical methods in medical research
topic Biométrie
Echantillonnage
Estatistica Aplicada As Ciencias Da Saude larpcal
Geneeskunde gtt
Médecine
Médecine - Recherche - Méthodes statistiques
Probabilité
Recherche
Régression
Statistique - Science
Statistiques comme sujet - Méthode
Statistische methoden gtt
Medizin
Biometry
Medical statistics
Research
Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd
Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd
Medizinische Statistik (DE-588)4127563-9 gnd
Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd
topic_facet Biométrie
Echantillonnage
Estatistica Aplicada As Ciencias Da Saude
Geneeskunde
Médecine
Médecine - Recherche - Méthodes statistiques
Probabilité
Recherche
Régression
Statistique - Science
Statistiques comme sujet - Méthode
Statistische methoden
Medizin
Biometry
Medical statistics
Research
Methode
Statistik
Medizinische Statistik
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