Ibexes in an African environment ecology and social system of the Walia Ibex in the Simen Mountains, Ethiopia

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1. Verfasser: Nievergelt, Bernhard 1935-2021 (VerfasserIn)
Format: Buch
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Berlin u.a. Springer 1981
Schriftenreihe:Ecological studies. 40.
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text Titel: Ibexes in an African environment Autor: Nievergelt, Bernhard Jahr: 1981 Contents 1 Introduction.......................... 1 A Reader s Guide........................ 3 The Simen, a Unique Afroalpine Community 2 The Simen Mountains: Geography and Climate of the Study Area. . . 7 3 The Vegetation in the Simen Mountains and Human Utilization of the Area..........................15 4 The Walia Ibex.........................28 4.1 The Walia Ibex: Its Taxonomy and Morphological Characteristics; Age Classes and Horn Growth................28 4.2 When in the History of the Climate Could the Ibex, as a Palaearctic Animal, Have Invaded the Range of the Simen Mountains? ... 33 4.3 The Reproductive Cycle of the Walia Ibex and the General Grouping Pattern..........................35 5 Two Possible Competitors of the Walia Ibex: the Klipspringer and the Gelada Baboon.........................39 6 Further Mammals and Birds Living in the Simen Mountains.....44 Methods, Techniques and Population Estimates 7 Methods of Obtaining Data and Field Techniques.......... 53 7.1 Observation and Recording of Animals............ 53 7.2 Optimal Time of Day for Spotting Animals and Duration of the Observations....................... 61 7.3 The Grid Pattern System Within the Main Study Area..... 62 7.4 How Comparable and Representative Are Observations Carried Out from the Selected Fixed Observation Points?.......... 63 7.5 Techniques Applied to Investigate Feeding Behaviour of Walia Ibex, Klipspringer and Gelada Baboon............... 65 VIII Contents 8 Methods for the Analysis of Data on Habitat Selection of the Included Species............................ 67 8.1 The Variables Used in the Analysis of Data.......... 67 8.2 The Procedure in Applying the Stepwise Multiple Regression ... 69 8.3 Assumptions for Regression Analysis............. 70 8.4 Transformation of the Main Dependent Variable........ 70 8.5 Relations Between the Environmental Factors......... 71 8.6 Transformation of the Independent Variables......... 72 8.7 Inherent Imperfections in the Data Being Able to Diminish the Multiple Correlation Coefficient and a Test to Detect Possible but Overlooked Influential Environmental Factors......... 74 9 Estimates of Population Size and Changes of the Walia Ibex..... 77 The Niche and Habitat of the Walia Ibex, the Klipspringer and the Gelada Baboon 10 The Habitat Selection of the Walia Ibex, the Klipspringer and the Gelada Baboon According to the Frequencies of Their Visits to the Hectare Fields.........................85 11 The Habitat Selection of the Walia Ibex, the Klipspringer and the Gelada Baboon with Regard to Particular Environmental Factors ... 92 11.1 The Gradient of the Slope.................. 92 11.2 The Compass Direction of the Slope with Daily and Seasonal Effect 94 11.3 The Altitude and the Vegetation Over the Seasons....... 97 11.4 The Relief, the Weather and the Activity........... 99 11.5 Relationship Between the Gradient, the Vegetation and the Group Size in the Walia Ibex, the Klipspringer and the Gelada Baboon . 102 11.6 Observation Success at Muchila Afaf-, Kedadit- and Saha-Observation Points.................. 106 11.7 Conclusions, Comparisons with the Alpine Ibex and Considerations on a Possible Tradition...................108 12 Separation in the Habitat of the Walia Ibex, the Klipspringer, the Gelada Baboon, the Bushbuck, the Colobus Monkey, the Simen Fox and the Golden Jackal......................Ill 13 The Plot of the Residuals of the Regression Equation - a Test for Detecting Overlooked, but Decisive Independent Variables......121 14 The Theoretical Distribution Pattern of the Walia Ibex and the Klipspringer Within the Study Area................124 Summary to Chapters 10 to 14...................132 Contents IX The Social System of the Walia Ibex 15 Towards the Social System of the Walia Ibex: Approach, Inferences and Predictions...........................137 15.1 The Approach....................... 137 15.2 Inferred Behaviour of Distinct Ibex Classes.......... 138 15.3 Predictions Deduced from the Inferred Behaviour of the Sex-Age Classes.......................... 143 16 The Social System of the Walia Ibex; Evidence for and Tests of the Above Predictions.......................146 16.1 Habitat Preference of Males and Females of the Walia Ibex; Tests of the Predictions. 1 to 3................146 16.2 Size of Home Ranges; Test of Prediction 4...........150 16.3 The Dominant Males Only as Occasional Visitors in Female-Young Groups; Test of Prediction 5..........152 16.4 The Rank Order and the Fights Between Walias of Different Classes; Test of Prediction 6.....................152 16.5 The Marching Order Within the Mixed Groups; Test of Prediction 7 154 16.6 Food Selection of the Walia Ibex of Different Classes and of the Klipspringer with Considerations on Prediction 9........157 16.7 Conclusions and Comparisons with the Situation in the Alpine Ibex 167 Summary to Chapters 15 and 16...................169 Conservational Outlook 17 The Simen, an Ecosystem in Danger................ 173 References............................ 179 Subject Index........................... 187
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spellingShingle Nievergelt, Bernhard 1935-2021
Ibexes in an African environment ecology and social system of the Walia Ibex in the Simen Mountains, Ethiopia
Ecological studies.
Bovins - Ethiopie - Simen, Montagnes
Mammifères - Éthiopie - Simen, Montagnes
Ibex Ethiopia Simen Mountains
Steinbock (DE-588)4183021-0 gnd
Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd
Abessinischer Steinbock (DE-588)4141025-7 gnd
Sozialverhalten (DE-588)4055903-8 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4183021-0
(DE-588)4043207-5
(DE-588)4141025-7
(DE-588)4055903-8
(DE-588)4000695-5
(DE-588)4076951-3
title Ibexes in an African environment ecology and social system of the Walia Ibex in the Simen Mountains, Ethiopia
title_auth Ibexes in an African environment ecology and social system of the Walia Ibex in the Simen Mountains, Ethiopia
title_exact_search Ibexes in an African environment ecology and social system of the Walia Ibex in the Simen Mountains, Ethiopia
title_full Ibexes in an African environment ecology and social system of the Walia Ibex in the Simen Mountains, Ethiopia B. Nievergelt
title_fullStr Ibexes in an African environment ecology and social system of the Walia Ibex in the Simen Mountains, Ethiopia B. Nievergelt
title_full_unstemmed Ibexes in an African environment ecology and social system of the Walia Ibex in the Simen Mountains, Ethiopia B. Nievergelt
title_short Ibexes in an African environment
title_sort ibexes in an african environment ecology and social system of the walia ibex in the simen mountains ethiopia
title_sub ecology and social system of the Walia Ibex in the Simen Mountains, Ethiopia
topic Bovins - Ethiopie - Simen, Montagnes
Mammifères - Éthiopie - Simen, Montagnes
Ibex Ethiopia Simen Mountains
Steinbock (DE-588)4183021-0 gnd
Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd
Abessinischer Steinbock (DE-588)4141025-7 gnd
Sozialverhalten (DE-588)4055903-8 gnd
topic_facet Bovins - Ethiopie - Simen, Montagnes
Mammifères - Éthiopie - Simen, Montagnes
Ibex Ethiopia Simen Mountains
Steinbock
Ökologie
Abessinischer Steinbock
Sozialverhalten
Afrika
Sämen
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volume_link (DE-604)BV000004586
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