Identification of Urban Worn-Out Textures and Prioritization of Organizing Strategies through Remote Sensing Performance and BWM Method Combination: (A Case Study: Zanjan City)

The growing trend of urban population has led to an increase in worn-out urban textures. Although various policies have been proposed to organize these textures, past data such as detailed and comprehensive plans in Iranian cities have afforded to achieve desirable results. For this purpose, Landsat satellite images taken on December 8, 2019 were used. Hence, this study tried to provide the latest method of information on urban worn-out textures with a new method and identify areas prone to becoming dysfunctional textures. For this purpose, Landsat 8 satellite images (December 2020) have been used. In this regard, in order to analyze the ENVI environment, two methods have been used: (1) The command of emissivity; (2) the calculation of the normalized and emissive vegetation cover index NDVI (Esfandiari, Darabad Fariba, Raoof Mostafazadeh, Amirhesam Pasban, and Behruoz Nezafat Takleh. 2022. “Integrating Terrain and Vegetation Indices to Estimate and Identify the Soil Erosion Risk Amoughin Watershed, Ardabil.” Journal of Spatial Analysis and Environmental Hazarts, 9(1): 77–96.) represents the reflection of solar energy from the earth’s surface, which indicates the types of vegetation conditions. To calculate the temperature of the city surface, LST (earth surface temperature in remote sensing refers to the heat measured by a radiometer in a momentary field of view) (Pirnazar et al., 2018). as well as to express the consequences of worn-out textures from the Driving forces-Pressure-State Impact-Response (DPSIR) model. Also, the best–worst method (BWM) is one of the newest and most effective multi-criteria decision-making techniques, which is used to weigh the factors and decision criteria and determine the priority of decisions (Sadeghi Darvaze et al., 2019) has been used to express the preference of the solutions for the organization of worn-out textures. Finally, the geographic information system (GIS) which refers to a set of hardware, software, geographic data and human resources that is used to collect, analyze and apply all geographic information (Mirzapour, 2019) has been used to express numerical calculations and display maps. The results of examining the surface temperature of the land using two emissivity and emissivity commands (Figs. 2 and 3; Tables 9 and 10) showed that the surface of Zanjan city is divided into five classes in terms of worn-out conditions, in which the first class with the lowest recorded temperature of the graph was the most wo