Who Bears the Cost of Russia’s Military Draft?
The authors use data from a large nationally representative survey in Russia to analyze the distributional and welfare implications of draft avoidance as a common response to Russia's highly unpopular conscription system. They develop a simple theoretical model that describes household complian...
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| description | The authors use data from a large nationally representative survey in Russia to analyze the distributional and welfare implications of draft avoidance as a common response to Russia's highly unpopular conscription system. They develop a simple theoretical model that describes household compliance decisions with respect to enlistment. The authors use several econometric techniques to estimate the effect of various household characteristics on the probability of serving in the army and the implications for household income. Their results indicate that the burden of conscription falls disproportionately on the poor. Poor, rural households, with a low level of education, are more likely to have sons who are enlisted than urban, wealthy, and better-educated families. The losses incurred by the poor are disproportionately large and exceed the statutory rates of personal income taxes. |
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They develop a simple theoretical model that describes household compliance decisions with respect to enlistment. The authors use several econometric techniques to estimate the effect of various household characteristics on the probability of serving in the army and the implications for household income. Their results indicate that the burden of conscription falls disproportionately on the poor. Poor, rural households, with a low level of education, are more likely to have sons who are enlisted than urban, wealthy, and better-educated families. The losses incurred by the poor are disproportionately large and exceed the statutory rates of personal income taxes.</description><language>eng</language><publisher>World Bank, Washington, DC</publisher><subject>ADULTS ; AGED ; ARMED FORCES ; ARMIES ; ARMY ; CAPITAL FORMATION ; CITIES ; CONFLICT ; DEFENSE ; DEFENSE EXPENDITURES ; DEFENSE INFORMATION ; DEFENSE SPENDING ; DEMOGRAPHICS ; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ; ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ; ECONOMIC EFFECTS ; ECONOMIC STATISTICS ; EDUCATION ; EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ; EMPIRICAL STUDIES ; EQUILIBRIUM ; EXOGENOUS VARIABLES ; FAMILIES ; FATHERS ; FEMALES ; GAME THEORY ; GENDER ; HEALTH ; HEALTH CARE ; HOUSEHOLDS ; HOUSING ; HOUSING CONDITIONS ; HUMAN CAPITAL ; INCOME ; INCOME TAXES ; INJURIES ; INJURY ; INTERVENTION ; LABOR FORCE ; MARGINAL UTILITY ; MEDIA ; MILITARY BASES ; MILITARY DRAFT ; MILITARY FORCES ; MILITARY OFFICERS ; MILITARY PERSONNEL ; MILITARY RECRUITMENT ; MILITARY REFORM ; MILITARY SERVICE ; MILITARY TRAINING ; NUTRITION ; OCCUPATIONS ; OPPORTUNITY COST ; OPTIMIZATION ; PARENTS ; POVERTY LINE ; PRODUCTION FUNCTION ; PROGNOSIS ; PUBLIC POLICIES ; QUOTAS ; RESEARCH AGENDA ; RESOURCE ALLOCATION ; RURAL AREAS ; SETTLEMENTS ; SOCIAL CAPITAL ; TOWNS ; TRANSITION ECONOMIES ; UNEMPLOYMENT ; UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ; URBAN AREAS ; UTILITY FUNCTIONS ; UTILITY MAXIMIZATION ; VICTIMS ; VILLAGES ; WAGES ; WAR ; WEALTH ; WELLBEING ; WILLINGNESS TO PAY ; WORKERS ; YOUTH</subject><creationdate>2005</creationdate><rights>CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><relation>Policy Research Working Paper</relation></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>307,780,784,787,18982</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/8973$$EView_record_in_World_Bank$$FView_record_in_$$GWorld_Bank$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lokshin, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yemtsov, Ruslan</creatorcontrib><title>Who Bears the Cost of Russia’s Military Draft?</title><description>The authors use data from a large nationally representative survey in Russia to analyze the distributional and welfare implications of draft avoidance as a common response to Russia's highly unpopular conscription system. They develop a simple theoretical model that describes household compliance decisions with respect to enlistment. The authors use several econometric techniques to estimate the effect of various household characteristics on the probability of serving in the army and the implications for household income. Their results indicate that the burden of conscription falls disproportionately on the poor. Poor, rural households, with a low level of education, are more likely to have sons who are enlisted than urban, wealthy, and better-educated families. The losses incurred by the poor are disproportionately large and exceed the statutory rates of personal income taxes.</description><subject>ADULTS</subject><subject>AGED</subject><subject>ARMED FORCES</subject><subject>ARMIES</subject><subject>ARMY</subject><subject>CAPITAL FORMATION</subject><subject>CITIES</subject><subject>CONFLICT</subject><subject>DEFENSE</subject><subject>DEFENSE EXPENDITURES</subject><subject>DEFENSE INFORMATION</subject><subject>DEFENSE SPENDING</subject><subject>DEMOGRAPHICS</subject><subject>ECONOMIC ANALYSIS</subject><subject>ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES</subject><subject>ECONOMIC EFFECTS</subject><subject>ECONOMIC STATISTICS</subject><subject>EDUCATION</subject><subject>EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE</subject><subject>EMPIRICAL STUDIES</subject><subject>EQUILIBRIUM</subject><subject>EXOGENOUS VARIABLES</subject><subject>FAMILIES</subject><subject>FATHERS</subject><subject>FEMALES</subject><subject>GAME THEORY</subject><subject>GENDER</subject><subject>HEALTH</subject><subject>HEALTH CARE</subject><subject>HOUSEHOLDS</subject><subject>HOUSING</subject><subject>HOUSING CONDITIONS</subject><subject>HUMAN CAPITAL</subject><subject>INCOME</subject><subject>INCOME TAXES</subject><subject>INJURIES</subject><subject>INJURY</subject><subject>INTERVENTION</subject><subject>LABOR FORCE</subject><subject>MARGINAL UTILITY</subject><subject>MEDIA</subject><subject>MILITARY BASES</subject><subject>MILITARY DRAFT</subject><subject>MILITARY FORCES</subject><subject>MILITARY OFFICERS</subject><subject>MILITARY PERSONNEL</subject><subject>MILITARY RECRUITMENT</subject><subject>MILITARY REFORM</subject><subject>MILITARY SERVICE</subject><subject>MILITARY TRAINING</subject><subject>NUTRITION</subject><subject>OCCUPATIONS</subject><subject>OPPORTUNITY COST</subject><subject>OPTIMIZATION</subject><subject>PARENTS</subject><subject>POVERTY LINE</subject><subject>PRODUCTION FUNCTION</subject><subject>PROGNOSIS</subject><subject>PUBLIC POLICIES</subject><subject>QUOTAS</subject><subject>RESEARCH AGENDA</subject><subject>RESOURCE ALLOCATION</subject><subject>RURAL AREAS</subject><subject>SETTLEMENTS</subject><subject>SOCIAL CAPITAL</subject><subject>TOWNS</subject><subject>TRANSITION ECONOMIES</subject><subject>UNEMPLOYMENT</subject><subject>UNEMPLOYMENT RATE</subject><subject>URBAN AREAS</subject><subject>UTILITY FUNCTIONS</subject><subject>UTILITY MAXIMIZATION</subject><subject>VICTIMS</subject><subject>VILLAGES</subject><subject>WAGES</subject><subject>WAR</subject><subject>WEALTH</subject><subject>WELLBEING</subject><subject>WILLINGNESS TO PAY</subject><subject>WORKERS</subject><subject>YOUTH</subject><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>book</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>book</recordtype><sourceid>VO9</sourceid><recordid>eNrjZDAIz8hXcEpNLCpWKMlIVXDOLy5RyE9TCCotLs5MfNQws1jBNzMnsySxqFLBpSgxrcSeh4E1LTGnOJUXSnMzGLu5hjh76JbnF-WkJCXmZcfnF6TmZefll-ekpqSnFqUW5BdnluQXVcYbGlhamMVbWJobG5OnCwBnYTu5</recordid><startdate>200503</startdate><enddate>200503</enddate><creator>Lokshin, Michael</creator><creator>Yemtsov, Ruslan</creator><general>World Bank, Washington, DC</general><scope>VO9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200503</creationdate><title>Who Bears the Cost of Russia’s Military Draft?</title><author>Lokshin, Michael ; Yemtsov, Ruslan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-worldbank_openknowledgerepository_10986_89733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>books</rsrctype><prefilter>books</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>ADULTS</topic><topic>AGED</topic><topic>ARMED FORCES</topic><topic>ARMIES</topic><topic>ARMY</topic><topic>CAPITAL FORMATION</topic><topic>CITIES</topic><topic>CONFLICT</topic><topic>DEFENSE</topic><topic>DEFENSE EXPENDITURES</topic><topic>DEFENSE INFORMATION</topic><topic>DEFENSE SPENDING</topic><topic>DEMOGRAPHICS</topic><topic>ECONOMIC ANALYSIS</topic><topic>ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES</topic><topic>ECONOMIC EFFECTS</topic><topic>ECONOMIC STATISTICS</topic><topic>EDUCATION</topic><topic>EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE</topic><topic>EMPIRICAL STUDIES</topic><topic>EQUILIBRIUM</topic><topic>EXOGENOUS VARIABLES</topic><topic>FAMILIES</topic><topic>FATHERS</topic><topic>FEMALES</topic><topic>GAME THEORY</topic><topic>GENDER</topic><topic>HEALTH</topic><topic>HEALTH CARE</topic><topic>HOUSEHOLDS</topic><topic>HOUSING</topic><topic>HOUSING CONDITIONS</topic><topic>HUMAN CAPITAL</topic><topic>INCOME</topic><topic>INCOME TAXES</topic><topic>INJURIES</topic><topic>INJURY</topic><topic>INTERVENTION</topic><topic>LABOR FORCE</topic><topic>MARGINAL UTILITY</topic><topic>MEDIA</topic><topic>MILITARY BASES</topic><topic>MILITARY DRAFT</topic><topic>MILITARY FORCES</topic><topic>MILITARY OFFICERS</topic><topic>MILITARY PERSONNEL</topic><topic>MILITARY RECRUITMENT</topic><topic>MILITARY REFORM</topic><topic>MILITARY SERVICE</topic><topic>MILITARY TRAINING</topic><topic>NUTRITION</topic><topic>OCCUPATIONS</topic><topic>OPPORTUNITY COST</topic><topic>OPTIMIZATION</topic><topic>PARENTS</topic><topic>POVERTY LINE</topic><topic>PRODUCTION FUNCTION</topic><topic>PROGNOSIS</topic><topic>PUBLIC POLICIES</topic><topic>QUOTAS</topic><topic>RESEARCH AGENDA</topic><topic>RESOURCE ALLOCATION</topic><topic>RURAL AREAS</topic><topic>SETTLEMENTS</topic><topic>SOCIAL CAPITAL</topic><topic>TOWNS</topic><topic>TRANSITION ECONOMIES</topic><topic>UNEMPLOYMENT</topic><topic>UNEMPLOYMENT RATE</topic><topic>URBAN AREAS</topic><topic>UTILITY FUNCTIONS</topic><topic>UTILITY MAXIMIZATION</topic><topic>VICTIMS</topic><topic>VILLAGES</topic><topic>WAGES</topic><topic>WAR</topic><topic>WEALTH</topic><topic>WELLBEING</topic><topic>WILLINGNESS TO PAY</topic><topic>WORKERS</topic><topic>YOUTH</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lokshin, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yemtsov, Ruslan</creatorcontrib><collection>Open Knowledge Repository</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lokshin, Michael</au><au>Yemtsov, Ruslan</au><format>book</format><genre>book</genre><ristype>BOOK</ristype><btitle>Who Bears the Cost of Russia’s Military Draft?</btitle><seriestitle>Policy Research Working Paper</seriestitle><date>2005-03</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>3547</volume><abstract>The authors use data from a large nationally representative survey in Russia to analyze the distributional and welfare implications of draft avoidance as a common response to Russia's highly unpopular conscription system. They develop a simple theoretical model that describes household compliance decisions with respect to enlistment. The authors use several econometric techniques to estimate the effect of various household characteristics on the probability of serving in the army and the implications for household income. Their results indicate that the burden of conscription falls disproportionately on the poor. Poor, rural households, with a low level of education, are more likely to have sons who are enlisted than urban, wealthy, and better-educated families. The losses incurred by the poor are disproportionately large and exceed the statutory rates of personal income taxes.</abstract><pub>World Bank, Washington, DC</pub><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | ADULTS AGED ARMED FORCES ARMIES ARMY CAPITAL FORMATION CITIES CONFLICT DEFENSE DEFENSE EXPENDITURES DEFENSE INFORMATION DEFENSE SPENDING DEMOGRAPHICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ECONOMIC EFFECTS ECONOMIC STATISTICS EDUCATION EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL STUDIES EQUILIBRIUM EXOGENOUS VARIABLES FAMILIES FATHERS FEMALES GAME THEORY GENDER HEALTH HEALTH CARE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HOUSING CONDITIONS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME TAXES INJURIES INJURY INTERVENTION LABOR FORCE MARGINAL UTILITY MEDIA MILITARY BASES MILITARY DRAFT MILITARY FORCES MILITARY OFFICERS MILITARY PERSONNEL MILITARY RECRUITMENT MILITARY REFORM MILITARY SERVICE MILITARY TRAINING NUTRITION OCCUPATIONS OPPORTUNITY COST OPTIMIZATION PARENTS POVERTY LINE PRODUCTION FUNCTION PROGNOSIS PUBLIC POLICIES QUOTAS RESEARCH AGENDA RESOURCE ALLOCATION RURAL AREAS SETTLEMENTS SOCIAL CAPITAL TOWNS TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE URBAN AREAS UTILITY FUNCTIONS UTILITY MAXIMIZATION VICTIMS VILLAGES WAGES WAR WEALTH WELLBEING WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORKERS YOUTH |
| title | Who Bears the Cost of Russia’s Military Draft? |
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