Towards a More Nuanced Approach to Measuring Housing Affordability
The inability to afford a decent shelter has a detrimental effect on people’s lives, their well-being and productivity, and the broader economy. Given the pervasiveness of the problem on a global scale, housing affordability is increasingly taking center stage in public discourse. Yet, there is litt...
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creator | Lynch, Catherine Singh, Ashna Zhang, Yan F |
description | The inability to afford a decent
shelter has a detrimental effect on people’s lives, their
well-being and productivity, and the broader economy. Given
the pervasiveness of the problem on a global scale, housing
affordability is increasingly taking center stage in public
discourse. Yet, there is little agreement on the definition
of housing affordability and how to measure it. This paper
draws on academic literature and lessons from government
housing programs to evaluate how accurately conventional
measures differentiate affordability levels by income
segment, household composition, and tenure. With the
objective of more accurately measuring the affordability of
housing at the household and aggregate levels, the paper
recommends testing (i) a progressive housing
Expenditure-to-Income ratio, calibrated by income segment,
and (ii) a modified Residual Income Method that uses
household expenditure instead of income as well as a
simplified budget standard for non-housing expenses.
Application of the latter methodology in urban Pakistan
highlights a significant underestimation of housing
unaffordability using conventional approaches, especially
for the lowest income groups. Moreover, the case study
indicates that conventional approaches to the measurement of
affordability may not adequately reveal the differences in
affordability across income segments and household compositions. |
format | Article |
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shelter has a detrimental effect on people’s lives, their
well-being and productivity, and the broader economy. Given
the pervasiveness of the problem on a global scale, housing
affordability is increasingly taking center stage in public
discourse. Yet, there is little agreement on the definition
of housing affordability and how to measure it. This paper
draws on academic literature and lessons from government
housing programs to evaluate how accurately conventional
measures differentiate affordability levels by income
segment, household composition, and tenure. With the
objective of more accurately measuring the affordability of
housing at the household and aggregate levels, the paper
recommends testing (i) a progressive housing
Expenditure-to-Income ratio, calibrated by income segment,
and (ii) a modified Residual Income Method that uses
household expenditure instead of income as well as a
simplified budget standard for non-housing expenses.
Application of the latter methodology in urban Pakistan
highlights a significant underestimation of housing
unaffordability using conventional approaches, especially
for the lowest income groups. Moreover, the case study
indicates that conventional approaches to the measurement of
affordability may not adequately reveal the differences in
affordability across income segments and household compositions.</description><language>eng</language><publisher>World Bank, Washington, DC</publisher><subject>AFFORDABLE HOUSING ; HOUSING ; HOUSING FINANCE ; HOUSING MORTGAGE ; HOUSING SUBSIDIES ; RESIDENTIAL INCOME MODEL</subject><creationdate>2023-05</creationdate><rights>CC BY 3.0 IGO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>780,784,18982</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/39837$$EView_record_in_World_Bank$$FView_record_in_$$GWorld_Bank$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lynch, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Ashna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yan F</creatorcontrib><title>Towards a More Nuanced Approach to Measuring Housing Affordability</title><description>The inability to afford a decent
shelter has a detrimental effect on people’s lives, their
well-being and productivity, and the broader economy. Given
the pervasiveness of the problem on a global scale, housing
affordability is increasingly taking center stage in public
discourse. Yet, there is little agreement on the definition
of housing affordability and how to measure it. This paper
draws on academic literature and lessons from government
housing programs to evaluate how accurately conventional
measures differentiate affordability levels by income
segment, household composition, and tenure. With the
objective of more accurately measuring the affordability of
housing at the household and aggregate levels, the paper
recommends testing (i) a progressive housing
Expenditure-to-Income ratio, calibrated by income segment,
and (ii) a modified Residual Income Method that uses
household expenditure instead of income as well as a
simplified budget standard for non-housing expenses.
Application of the latter methodology in urban Pakistan
highlights a significant underestimation of housing
unaffordability using conventional approaches, especially
for the lowest income groups. Moreover, the case study
indicates that conventional approaches to the measurement of
affordability may not adequately reveal the differences in
affordability across income segments and household compositions.</description><subject>AFFORDABLE HOUSING</subject><subject>HOUSING</subject><subject>HOUSING FINANCE</subject><subject>HOUSING MORTGAGE</subject><subject>HOUSING SUBSIDIES</subject><subject>RESIDENTIAL INCOME MODEL</subject><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>VO9</sourceid><recordid>eNqdy7EKwjAQANAuDqL-w_2AoFS0HasoXerUPVybSxsacuHSUPr3IvgFTm962-ze8oKiIyA0LATvhL4nDVUIwtiPMDM0hDGJ9QPUnOLXyhgWjZ11dl732cagi3T4ucsur2f7qI8Li9Md-klxID95XhzpgYQCRzuzrOp8Kouryssiv-V_tg-BLEKY</recordid><startdate>20230524</startdate><enddate>20230524</enddate><creator>Lynch, Catherine</creator><creator>Singh, Ashna</creator><creator>Zhang, Yan F</creator><general>World Bank, Washington, DC</general><scope>VO9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230524</creationdate><title>Towards a More Nuanced Approach to Measuring Housing Affordability</title><author>Lynch, Catherine ; Singh, Ashna ; Zhang, Yan F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-worldbank_openknowledgerepository_10986_398373</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>AFFORDABLE HOUSING</topic><topic>HOUSING</topic><topic>HOUSING FINANCE</topic><topic>HOUSING MORTGAGE</topic><topic>HOUSING SUBSIDIES</topic><topic>RESIDENTIAL INCOME MODEL</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lynch, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Ashna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yan F</creatorcontrib><collection>Open Knowledge Repository</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lynch, Catherine</au><au>Singh, Ashna</au><au>Zhang, Yan F</au><format>book</format><genre>document</genre><ristype>GEN</ristype><atitle>Towards a More Nuanced Approach to Measuring Housing Affordability</atitle><date>2023-05-24</date><risdate>2023</risdate><abstract>The inability to afford a decent
shelter has a detrimental effect on people’s lives, their
well-being and productivity, and the broader economy. Given
the pervasiveness of the problem on a global scale, housing
affordability is increasingly taking center stage in public
discourse. Yet, there is little agreement on the definition
of housing affordability and how to measure it. This paper
draws on academic literature and lessons from government
housing programs to evaluate how accurately conventional
measures differentiate affordability levels by income
segment, household composition, and tenure. With the
objective of more accurately measuring the affordability of
housing at the household and aggregate levels, the paper
recommends testing (i) a progressive housing
Expenditure-to-Income ratio, calibrated by income segment,
and (ii) a modified Residual Income Method that uses
household expenditure instead of income as well as a
simplified budget standard for non-housing expenses.
Application of the latter methodology in urban Pakistan
highlights a significant underestimation of housing
unaffordability using conventional approaches, especially
for the lowest income groups. Moreover, the case study
indicates that conventional approaches to the measurement of
affordability may not adequately reveal the differences in
affordability across income segments and household compositions.</abstract><pub>World Bank, Washington, DC</pub><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | AFFORDABLE HOUSING HOUSING HOUSING FINANCE HOUSING MORTGAGE HOUSING SUBSIDIES RESIDENTIAL INCOME MODEL |
title | Towards a More Nuanced Approach to Measuring Housing Affordability |
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