Understanding Latin America and the Caribbean’s Income Gap
Even nearly ten years of solid growth cannot guarantee long-term income convergence. The countries of the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC), like other emerging economies, have benefited from a decade of remarkable growth and some income per capita convergence towards the United States and ot...
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| creator | Thompson Araujo, Jorge Vostroknutova, Ekaterina Wacker, Konstantin M Clavijo, Mateo |
| description | Even nearly ten years of solid growth
cannot guarantee long-term income convergence. The countries
of the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC), like other
emerging economies, have benefited from a decade of
remarkable growth and some income per capita convergence
towards the United States and other industrialized
countries. Yet, despite this recent progress, LAC still
faces a significant per capita income gap with the developed
world. The studies in this volume contribute to the ongoing
debate on the reasons for this persistent income gap and the
potential drivers of convergence, and propose some broad
avenues for reform. |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>worldbank_VO9</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_worldbank_openknowledgerepository_10986_22485</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/22485</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-worldbank_openknowledgerepository_10986_224853</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNrjZLAJzUtJLSouScxLycxLV_BJLMnMU3DMTS3KTE5UAAoqlGSkKjgnFmUmJaUm5j1qmFms4JmXnJ-bquCeWMDDwJqWmFOcyguluRlM3FxDnD10y_OLclKSEvOy4_MLUvOy8_LLc1JT0lOLUgvyizNL8osq4w0NLC3M4o2MTCxMjcnUBgAsTUC9</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Publisher</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Understanding Latin America and the Caribbean’s Income Gap</title><source>Open Knowledge Repository</source><creator>Thompson Araujo, Jorge ; Vostroknutova, Ekaterina ; Wacker, Konstantin M ; Clavijo, Mateo</creator><creatorcontrib>Thompson Araujo, Jorge ; Vostroknutova, Ekaterina ; Wacker, Konstantin M ; Clavijo, Mateo</creatorcontrib><description>Even nearly ten years of solid growth
cannot guarantee long-term income convergence. The countries
of the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC), like other
emerging economies, have benefited from a decade of
remarkable growth and some income per capita convergence
towards the United States and other industrialized
countries. Yet, despite this recent progress, LAC still
faces a significant per capita income gap with the developed
world. The studies in this volume contribute to the ongoing
debate on the reasons for this persistent income gap and the
potential drivers of convergence, and propose some broad
avenues for reform.</description><language>eng</language><publisher>World Bank, Washington, DC</publisher><subject>ADVERSE EFFECT ; AGGREGATE DEMAND ; AGRICULTURE ; AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY ; AVERAGING ; BANK LOANS ; BENCHMARK ; BOOK VALUE ; CAPITAL ; CENTRAL BANK ; CENTRAL PLANNING ; CLOSED ECONOMY ; COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ; COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES ; COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ; COMPETITION ; COMPETITIVENESS ; CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE ; CONSUMER PRICE INDEX ; CONSUMPTION ; COSTS ; CREDIT ; CREDIT RATIONING ; CRITERIA ; DEBT ; DEFLATION ; DEFLATORS ; DEVELOPMENT ; DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ; DEVELOPMENT POLICIES ; DEVELOPMENT POLICY ; DISPOSABLE INCOME ; DISTRIBUTION ; ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ; ECONOMETRICS ; ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS ; ECONOMIC GROWTH ; ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ; ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ; ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ; ECONOMIC RESEARCH ; ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ; ECONOMIC SURVEYS ; ECONOMIC THEORY ; ECONOMICS ; ECONOMY ; ELASTICITY ; EXPECTED UTILITY ; EXPECTED VALUE ; EXPORT GROWTH ; EXPORTS ; EXTERNALITIES ; FAILURES ; FISCAL POLICY ; FORECASTS ; FUTURE RESEARCH ; GDP ; GDP PER CAPITA ; GOODS ; GROWTH POLICIES ; GROWTH POLICY ; GROWTH RATE ; GROWTH THEORIES ; GROWTH THEORY ; HUMAN CAPITAL ; INCENTIVES ; INCOME ; INCOME LEVELS ; INEFFICIENCY ; INFLUENCE ; INPUTS ; INTEREST ; INTERNATIONAL TRADE ; INVENTORIES ; INVENTORY ; INVESTMENT ; LAGS ; LIQUIDITY ; MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS ; MACROECONOMIC POLICY ; MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION ; MACROECONOMICS ; MANAGERIAL EFFICIENCY ; MARGINAL PRODUCT ; MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY ; MARGINAL PRODUCTS ; MARGINAL UTILITY ; MARKETS ; MEASUREMENT ; MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES ; MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION ; MONOPOLY ; NATURAL RESOURCES ; NEOCLASSICAL MODELS ; OPTIMIZATION ; OUTCOMES ; OUTPUT PER CAPITA ; PER CAPITA INCOME ; PERFECT COMPETITION ; POLITICAL ECONOMY ; PRICE INDEXES ; PRICES ; PRODUCT MARKETS ; PRODUCTION ; PRODUCTION FUNCTION ; PRODUCTIVE ASSETS ; PRODUCTIVITY ; PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ; PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES ; PROPERTY RIGHTS ; PROPRIETORSHIP ; REAL GDP ; RETURNS TO SCALE ; RISK AVERSION ; SHARES ; STOCK ; STRUCTURAL CHANGE ; TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ; TELECOMMUNICATIONS ; THEORY ; TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY ; TRADE ; TRADE LIBERALIZATION ; TRENDS ; USE VALUE ; UTILITY ; UTILITY FUNCTION ; VALUE ; VALUE ADDED ; VARIABLES ; WAGES ; WEALTH ; WELFARE</subject><creationdate>2015-07</creationdate><rights>CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>780,784,18982</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/22485$$EView_record_in_World_Bank$$FView_record_in_$$GWorld_Bank$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Thompson Araujo, Jorge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vostroknutova, Ekaterina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wacker, Konstantin M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clavijo, Mateo</creatorcontrib><title>Understanding Latin America and the Caribbean’s Income Gap</title><description>Even nearly ten years of solid growth
cannot guarantee long-term income convergence. The countries
of the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC), like other
emerging economies, have benefited from a decade of
remarkable growth and some income per capita convergence
towards the United States and other industrialized
countries. Yet, despite this recent progress, LAC still
faces a significant per capita income gap with the developed
world. The studies in this volume contribute to the ongoing
debate on the reasons for this persistent income gap and the
potential drivers of convergence, and propose some broad
avenues for reform.</description><subject>ADVERSE EFFECT</subject><subject>AGGREGATE DEMAND</subject><subject>AGRICULTURE</subject><subject>AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY</subject><subject>AVERAGING</subject><subject>BANK LOANS</subject><subject>BENCHMARK</subject><subject>BOOK VALUE</subject><subject>CAPITAL</subject><subject>CENTRAL BANK</subject><subject>CENTRAL PLANNING</subject><subject>CLOSED ECONOMY</subject><subject>COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE</subject><subject>COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES</subject><subject>COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS</subject><subject>COMPETITION</subject><subject>COMPETITIVENESS</subject><subject>CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE</subject><subject>CONSUMER PRICE INDEX</subject><subject>CONSUMPTION</subject><subject>COSTS</subject><subject>CREDIT</subject><subject>CREDIT RATIONING</subject><subject>CRITERIA</subject><subject>DEBT</subject><subject>DEFLATION</subject><subject>DEFLATORS</subject><subject>DEVELOPMENT</subject><subject>DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS</subject><subject>DEVELOPMENT POLICIES</subject><subject>DEVELOPMENT POLICY</subject><subject>DISPOSABLE INCOME</subject><subject>DISTRIBUTION</subject><subject>ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS</subject><subject>ECONOMETRICS</subject><subject>ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS</subject><subject>ECONOMIC GROWTH</subject><subject>ECONOMIC OUTCOMES</subject><subject>ECONOMIC OUTLOOK</subject><subject>ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE</subject><subject>ECONOMIC RESEARCH</subject><subject>ECONOMIC STRUCTURE</subject><subject>ECONOMIC SURVEYS</subject><subject>ECONOMIC THEORY</subject><subject>ECONOMICS</subject><subject>ECONOMY</subject><subject>ELASTICITY</subject><subject>EXPECTED UTILITY</subject><subject>EXPECTED VALUE</subject><subject>EXPORT GROWTH</subject><subject>EXPORTS</subject><subject>EXTERNALITIES</subject><subject>FAILURES</subject><subject>FISCAL POLICY</subject><subject>FORECASTS</subject><subject>FUTURE RESEARCH</subject><subject>GDP</subject><subject>GDP PER CAPITA</subject><subject>GOODS</subject><subject>GROWTH POLICIES</subject><subject>GROWTH POLICY</subject><subject>GROWTH RATE</subject><subject>GROWTH THEORIES</subject><subject>GROWTH THEORY</subject><subject>HUMAN CAPITAL</subject><subject>INCENTIVES</subject><subject>INCOME</subject><subject>INCOME LEVELS</subject><subject>INEFFICIENCY</subject><subject>INFLUENCE</subject><subject>INPUTS</subject><subject>INTEREST</subject><subject>INTERNATIONAL TRADE</subject><subject>INVENTORIES</subject><subject>INVENTORY</subject><subject>INVESTMENT</subject><subject>LAGS</subject><subject>LIQUIDITY</subject><subject>MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS</subject><subject>MACROECONOMIC POLICY</subject><subject>MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION</subject><subject>MACROECONOMICS</subject><subject>MANAGERIAL EFFICIENCY</subject><subject>MARGINAL PRODUCT</subject><subject>MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY</subject><subject>MARGINAL PRODUCTS</subject><subject>MARGINAL UTILITY</subject><subject>MARKETS</subject><subject>MEASUREMENT</subject><subject>MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES</subject><subject>MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION</subject><subject>MONOPOLY</subject><subject>NATURAL RESOURCES</subject><subject>NEOCLASSICAL MODELS</subject><subject>OPTIMIZATION</subject><subject>OUTCOMES</subject><subject>OUTPUT PER CAPITA</subject><subject>PER CAPITA INCOME</subject><subject>PERFECT COMPETITION</subject><subject>POLITICAL ECONOMY</subject><subject>PRICE INDEXES</subject><subject>PRICES</subject><subject>PRODUCT MARKETS</subject><subject>PRODUCTION</subject><subject>PRODUCTION FUNCTION</subject><subject>PRODUCTIVE ASSETS</subject><subject>PRODUCTIVITY</subject><subject>PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH</subject><subject>PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES</subject><subject>PROPERTY RIGHTS</subject><subject>PROPRIETORSHIP</subject><subject>REAL GDP</subject><subject>RETURNS TO SCALE</subject><subject>RISK AVERSION</subject><subject>SHARES</subject><subject>STOCK</subject><subject>STRUCTURAL CHANGE</subject><subject>TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE</subject><subject>TELECOMMUNICATIONS</subject><subject>THEORY</subject><subject>TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY</subject><subject>TRADE</subject><subject>TRADE LIBERALIZATION</subject><subject>TRENDS</subject><subject>USE VALUE</subject><subject>UTILITY</subject><subject>UTILITY FUNCTION</subject><subject>VALUE</subject><subject>VALUE ADDED</subject><subject>VARIABLES</subject><subject>WAGES</subject><subject>WEALTH</subject><subject>WELFARE</subject><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>VO9</sourceid><recordid>eNrjZLAJzUtJLSouScxLycxLV_BJLMnMU3DMTS3KTE5UAAoqlGSkKjgnFmUmJaUm5j1qmFms4JmXnJ-bquCeWMDDwJqWmFOcyguluRlM3FxDnD10y_OLclKSEvOy4_MLUvOy8_LLc1JT0lOLUgvyizNL8osq4w0NLC3M4o2MTCxMjcnUBgAsTUC9</recordid><startdate>201507</startdate><enddate>201507</enddate><creator>Thompson Araujo, Jorge</creator><creator>Vostroknutova, Ekaterina</creator><creator>Wacker, Konstantin M</creator><creator>Clavijo, Mateo</creator><general>World Bank, Washington, DC</general><scope>VO9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201507</creationdate><title>Understanding Latin America and the Caribbean’s Income Gap</title><author>Thompson Araujo, Jorge ; Vostroknutova, Ekaterina ; Wacker, Konstantin M ; Clavijo, Mateo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-worldbank_openknowledgerepository_10986_224853</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>ADVERSE EFFECT</topic><topic>AGGREGATE DEMAND</topic><topic>AGRICULTURE</topic><topic>AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY</topic><topic>AVERAGING</topic><topic>BANK LOANS</topic><topic>BENCHMARK</topic><topic>BOOK VALUE</topic><topic>CAPITAL</topic><topic>CENTRAL BANK</topic><topic>CENTRAL PLANNING</topic><topic>CLOSED ECONOMY</topic><topic>COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE</topic><topic>COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES</topic><topic>COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS</topic><topic>COMPETITION</topic><topic>COMPETITIVENESS</topic><topic>CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE</topic><topic>CONSUMER PRICE INDEX</topic><topic>CONSUMPTION</topic><topic>COSTS</topic><topic>CREDIT</topic><topic>CREDIT RATIONING</topic><topic>CRITERIA</topic><topic>DEBT</topic><topic>DEFLATION</topic><topic>DEFLATORS</topic><topic>DEVELOPMENT</topic><topic>DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS</topic><topic>DEVELOPMENT POLICIES</topic><topic>DEVELOPMENT POLICY</topic><topic>DISPOSABLE INCOME</topic><topic>DISTRIBUTION</topic><topic>ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS</topic><topic>ECONOMETRICS</topic><topic>ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS</topic><topic>ECONOMIC GROWTH</topic><topic>ECONOMIC OUTCOMES</topic><topic>ECONOMIC OUTLOOK</topic><topic>ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE</topic><topic>ECONOMIC RESEARCH</topic><topic>ECONOMIC STRUCTURE</topic><topic>ECONOMIC SURVEYS</topic><topic>ECONOMIC THEORY</topic><topic>ECONOMICS</topic><topic>ECONOMY</topic><topic>ELASTICITY</topic><topic>EXPECTED UTILITY</topic><topic>EXPECTED VALUE</topic><topic>EXPORT GROWTH</topic><topic>EXPORTS</topic><topic>EXTERNALITIES</topic><topic>FAILURES</topic><topic>FISCAL POLICY</topic><topic>FORECASTS</topic><topic>FUTURE RESEARCH</topic><topic>GDP</topic><topic>GDP PER CAPITA</topic><topic>GOODS</topic><topic>GROWTH POLICIES</topic><topic>GROWTH POLICY</topic><topic>GROWTH RATE</topic><topic>GROWTH THEORIES</topic><topic>GROWTH THEORY</topic><topic>HUMAN CAPITAL</topic><topic>INCENTIVES</topic><topic>INCOME</topic><topic>INCOME LEVELS</topic><topic>INEFFICIENCY</topic><topic>INFLUENCE</topic><topic>INPUTS</topic><topic>INTEREST</topic><topic>INTERNATIONAL TRADE</topic><topic>INVENTORIES</topic><topic>INVENTORY</topic><topic>INVESTMENT</topic><topic>LAGS</topic><topic>LIQUIDITY</topic><topic>MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS</topic><topic>MACROECONOMIC POLICY</topic><topic>MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION</topic><topic>MACROECONOMICS</topic><topic>MANAGERIAL EFFICIENCY</topic><topic>MARGINAL PRODUCT</topic><topic>MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY</topic><topic>MARGINAL PRODUCTS</topic><topic>MARGINAL UTILITY</topic><topic>MARKETS</topic><topic>MEASUREMENT</topic><topic>MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES</topic><topic>MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION</topic><topic>MONOPOLY</topic><topic>NATURAL RESOURCES</topic><topic>NEOCLASSICAL MODELS</topic><topic>OPTIMIZATION</topic><topic>OUTCOMES</topic><topic>OUTPUT PER CAPITA</topic><topic>PER CAPITA INCOME</topic><topic>PERFECT COMPETITION</topic><topic>POLITICAL ECONOMY</topic><topic>PRICE INDEXES</topic><topic>PRICES</topic><topic>PRODUCT MARKETS</topic><topic>PRODUCTION</topic><topic>PRODUCTION FUNCTION</topic><topic>PRODUCTIVE ASSETS</topic><topic>PRODUCTIVITY</topic><topic>PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH</topic><topic>PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES</topic><topic>PROPERTY RIGHTS</topic><topic>PROPRIETORSHIP</topic><topic>REAL GDP</topic><topic>RETURNS TO SCALE</topic><topic>RISK AVERSION</topic><topic>SHARES</topic><topic>STOCK</topic><topic>STRUCTURAL CHANGE</topic><topic>TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE</topic><topic>TELECOMMUNICATIONS</topic><topic>THEORY</topic><topic>TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY</topic><topic>TRADE</topic><topic>TRADE LIBERALIZATION</topic><topic>TRENDS</topic><topic>USE VALUE</topic><topic>UTILITY</topic><topic>UTILITY FUNCTION</topic><topic>VALUE</topic><topic>VALUE ADDED</topic><topic>VARIABLES</topic><topic>WAGES</topic><topic>WEALTH</topic><topic>WELFARE</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Thompson Araujo, Jorge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vostroknutova, Ekaterina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wacker, Konstantin M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clavijo, Mateo</creatorcontrib><collection>Open Knowledge Repository</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Thompson Araujo, Jorge</au><au>Vostroknutova, Ekaterina</au><au>Wacker, Konstantin M</au><au>Clavijo, Mateo</au><format>book</format><genre>document</genre><ristype>GEN</ristype><atitle>Understanding Latin America and the Caribbean’s Income Gap</atitle><date>2015-07</date><risdate>2015</risdate><abstract>Even nearly ten years of solid growth
cannot guarantee long-term income convergence. The countries
of the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC), like other
emerging economies, have benefited from a decade of
remarkable growth and some income per capita convergence
towards the United States and other industrialized
countries. Yet, despite this recent progress, LAC still
faces a significant per capita income gap with the developed
world. The studies in this volume contribute to the ongoing
debate on the reasons for this persistent income gap and the
potential drivers of convergence, and propose some broad
avenues for reform.</abstract><pub>World Bank, Washington, DC</pub><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | ADVERSE EFFECT AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURE AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY AVERAGING BANK LOANS BENCHMARK BOOK VALUE CAPITAL CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL PLANNING CLOSED ECONOMY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITION COMPETITIVENESS CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION COSTS CREDIT CREDIT RATIONING CRITERIA DEBT DEFLATION DEFLATORS DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTION ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMIC SURVEYS ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS ECONOMY ELASTICITY EXPECTED UTILITY EXPECTED VALUE EXPORT GROWTH EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FAILURES FISCAL POLICY FORECASTS FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOODS GROWTH POLICIES GROWTH POLICY GROWTH RATE GROWTH THEORIES GROWTH THEORY HUMAN CAPITAL INCENTIVES INCOME INCOME LEVELS INEFFICIENCY INFLUENCE INPUTS INTEREST INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES INVENTORY INVESTMENT LAGS LIQUIDITY MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS MACROECONOMIC POLICY MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION MACROECONOMICS MANAGERIAL EFFICIENCY MARGINAL PRODUCT MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MARGINAL PRODUCTS MARGINAL UTILITY MARKETS MEASUREMENT MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MONOPOLY NATURAL RESOURCES NEOCLASSICAL MODELS OPTIMIZATION OUTCOMES OUTPUT PER CAPITA PER CAPITA INCOME PERFECT COMPETITION POLITICAL ECONOMY PRICE INDEXES PRICES PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTION PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVE ASSETS PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES PROPERTY RIGHTS PROPRIETORSHIP REAL GDP RETURNS TO SCALE RISK AVERSION SHARES STOCK STRUCTURAL CHANGE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TELECOMMUNICATIONS THEORY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRADE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRENDS USE VALUE UTILITY UTILITY FUNCTION VALUE VALUE ADDED VARIABLES WAGES WEALTH WELFARE |
| title | Understanding Latin America and the Caribbean’s Income Gap |
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