Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus
Backgrounds Oxidative stress impairs the function of calcium‐binding proteins and deregulates calcium signaling in living organisms. We have previously explored the overexpression of calcium‐binding protein genes in a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species‐induced in vitro cell model of stress that le...
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| creator | Parthasarathy, Aravind Hanumanthappa, Ramesha Bulbule, Sarojini R. P.C., Kiran Nanjaiah, Hemalatha G., Gopinath B.M., Siddaiah Muniswamy, David Kuramkote Shivanna, Devaraju |
| description | Backgrounds
Oxidative stress impairs the function of calcium‐binding proteins and deregulates calcium signaling in living organisms. We have previously explored the overexpression of calcium‐binding protein genes in a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species‐induced in vitro cell model of stress that leads to apoptosis. However, in in vivo models, low levels of stress leads to depressive‐like behavior. Here, we aimed to analyze gene expression of major calcium‐binding proteins (calcineurin, calmodulin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin, and calreticulin) and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subunits (glutamate receptor ionotropic [GluN] GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B) in the hippocampus of stress‐induced rats.
Methods
Six‐week‐old male Wistar rats were assigned to two stress induction groups and a control group without stress (n = 6). Stress was induced by using H2O2 (3% in water) or by immobilization (using a sticky mat) over a period of 30 days. Expression of calcium‐binding protein genes in the hippocampus, antioxidant assays, structural alterations in hippocampal neurons, and depressive‐like behavior were determined.
Results
Expression of genes encoding calcium‐binding proteins calcineurin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin and NMDA receptor subunit GluN1 was enhanced in both chemical and physical stress‐induced rats compared with control rats (4.25 ± 0.05 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/nep3.35 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>wiley_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_wiley_primary_10_1002_nep3_35_NEP335</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>NEP335</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1015-c5b0bb86bd7fd745d154c333b6ce369f69d7ceb737c3f976a87e8aee1d5987313</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kMtKAzEYhYMoWGrxFbJzIVOTSTOZWZZaL1CreAF3Qy7_tJE2E5IZtDsfwWf0SZyhunR1Pg4fZ3EQOqVkTAlJLxx4Nmb8AA1SIUgiGHk9_OO0yI7RKMY3QghLaUpJOkCrpyZAjBjcWjoNHXz4vrC1w3WFtdxo226_P7-Udca6FfahbsC6iKUzeHl3OX3EsVWtsw1egesGrMPNGnCQDV5b72stt76NJ-iokpsIo98coper-fPsJlncX9_OpotEU0J5orkiSuWZMqIyYsIN5RPNGFOZBpYVVVYYoUEJJjSrCpHJXEAuAajhRS4YZUN0tt_VoY4xQFX6YLcy7EpKyv6isr-oZLwzz_fmu93A7j-tXM4fWGf_APc-acc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus</title><source>Wiley Online Library Open Access</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Parthasarathy, Aravind ; Hanumanthappa, Ramesha ; Bulbule, Sarojini R. ; P.C., Kiran ; Nanjaiah, Hemalatha ; G., Gopinath ; B.M., Siddaiah ; Muniswamy, David ; Kuramkote Shivanna, Devaraju</creator><creatorcontrib>Parthasarathy, Aravind ; Hanumanthappa, Ramesha ; Bulbule, Sarojini R. ; P.C., Kiran ; Nanjaiah, Hemalatha ; G., Gopinath ; B.M., Siddaiah ; Muniswamy, David ; Kuramkote Shivanna, Devaraju</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[Backgrounds
Oxidative stress impairs the function of calcium‐binding proteins and deregulates calcium signaling in living organisms. We have previously explored the overexpression of calcium‐binding protein genes in a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species‐induced in vitro cell model of stress that leads to apoptosis. However, in in vivo models, low levels of stress leads to depressive‐like behavior. Here, we aimed to analyze gene expression of major calcium‐binding proteins (calcineurin, calmodulin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin, and calreticulin) and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subunits (glutamate receptor ionotropic [GluN] GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B) in the hippocampus of stress‐induced rats.
Methods
Six‐week‐old male Wistar rats were assigned to two stress induction groups and a control group without stress (n = 6). Stress was induced by using H2O2 (3% in water) or by immobilization (using a sticky mat) over a period of 30 days. Expression of calcium‐binding protein genes in the hippocampus, antioxidant assays, structural alterations in hippocampal neurons, and depressive‐like behavior were determined.
Results
Expression of genes encoding calcium‐binding proteins calcineurin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin and NMDA receptor subunit GluN1 was enhanced in both chemical and physical stress‐induced rats compared with control rats (4.25 ± 0.05 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.05, 2.05 ± 0.08 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.005; 2.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.02 ± 0.03, p < 0.05, 1.98 ± 0.07 vs. 1.02 ± 0.03, p < 0.005; 1.4 ± 0.6 vs. 1.15 ± 0.09, p < 0.05, 1.39 ± 0.05 vs. 1.15 ± 0.09, p < 0.005), respectively. In stress‐induced rats, neurons in the CA2 region of the hippocampus were fewer and appeared disorganized compared with control rats. Furthermore, stress‐induced rats showed decreased mobility and lower sucrose preference in behavioral studies compared with control rats.
Conclusion
Lower levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can also lead to stress in rats by affecting their calcium signaling, buffering capacity in the neurons leading to depressive symptoms.
Stress induced in male Wistar rats by a minimal concentration of H2O2 or physical stress enhances the expression of genes encoding calcium‐binding proteins. This leads to abnormal calcium homeostasis and a reduction in antioxidation capability resulting in abnormal NMDA receptor activity, loss of neurons, and depression‐like behavior.
Key points
Stress can increase the expression of genes responsible for calcium storage, buffering and signaling.
Stress impairs antioxidations systems, which corroborates with earlier investigations.
Depressive‐like behavior is observed in stress‐induced rats.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 2770-7296</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2770-730X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/nep3.35</identifier><language>eng</language><subject>calcineurin ; H2O2 ; hippocampus ; immobilization ; NMDA receptors</subject><ispartof>Neuroprotection (Chichester, England. Online), 2024-06, Vol.2 (2), p.167-178</ispartof><rights>2024 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd on behalf of Chinese Medical Association.</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1015-c5b0bb86bd7fd745d154c333b6ce369f69d7ceb737c3f976a87e8aee1d5987313</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6199-354X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fnep3.35$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fnep3.35$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,11542,27903,27904,46031,46455</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Parthasarathy, Aravind</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanumanthappa, Ramesha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bulbule, Sarojini R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>P.C., Kiran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nanjaiah, Hemalatha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>G., Gopinath</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>B.M., Siddaiah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muniswamy, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuramkote Shivanna, Devaraju</creatorcontrib><title>Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus</title><title>Neuroprotection (Chichester, England. Online)</title><description><![CDATA[Backgrounds
Oxidative stress impairs the function of calcium‐binding proteins and deregulates calcium signaling in living organisms. We have previously explored the overexpression of calcium‐binding protein genes in a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species‐induced in vitro cell model of stress that leads to apoptosis. However, in in vivo models, low levels of stress leads to depressive‐like behavior. Here, we aimed to analyze gene expression of major calcium‐binding proteins (calcineurin, calmodulin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin, and calreticulin) and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subunits (glutamate receptor ionotropic [GluN] GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B) in the hippocampus of stress‐induced rats.
Methods
Six‐week‐old male Wistar rats were assigned to two stress induction groups and a control group without stress (n = 6). Stress was induced by using H2O2 (3% in water) or by immobilization (using a sticky mat) over a period of 30 days. Expression of calcium‐binding protein genes in the hippocampus, antioxidant assays, structural alterations in hippocampal neurons, and depressive‐like behavior were determined.
Results
Expression of genes encoding calcium‐binding proteins calcineurin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin and NMDA receptor subunit GluN1 was enhanced in both chemical and physical stress‐induced rats compared with control rats (4.25 ± 0.05 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.05, 2.05 ± 0.08 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.005; 2.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.02 ± 0.03, p < 0.05, 1.98 ± 0.07 vs. 1.02 ± 0.03, p < 0.005; 1.4 ± 0.6 vs. 1.15 ± 0.09, p < 0.05, 1.39 ± 0.05 vs. 1.15 ± 0.09, p < 0.005), respectively. In stress‐induced rats, neurons in the CA2 region of the hippocampus were fewer and appeared disorganized compared with control rats. Furthermore, stress‐induced rats showed decreased mobility and lower sucrose preference in behavioral studies compared with control rats.
Conclusion
Lower levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can also lead to stress in rats by affecting their calcium signaling, buffering capacity in the neurons leading to depressive symptoms.
Stress induced in male Wistar rats by a minimal concentration of H2O2 or physical stress enhances the expression of genes encoding calcium‐binding proteins. This leads to abnormal calcium homeostasis and a reduction in antioxidation capability resulting in abnormal NMDA receptor activity, loss of neurons, and depression‐like behavior.
Key points
Stress can increase the expression of genes responsible for calcium storage, buffering and signaling.
Stress impairs antioxidations systems, which corroborates with earlier investigations.
Depressive‐like behavior is observed in stress‐induced rats.]]></description><subject>calcineurin</subject><subject>H2O2</subject><subject>hippocampus</subject><subject>immobilization</subject><subject>NMDA receptors</subject><issn>2770-7296</issn><issn>2770-730X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMtKAzEYhYMoWGrxFbJzIVOTSTOZWZZaL1CreAF3Qy7_tJE2E5IZtDsfwWf0SZyhunR1Pg4fZ3EQOqVkTAlJLxx4Nmb8AA1SIUgiGHk9_OO0yI7RKMY3QghLaUpJOkCrpyZAjBjcWjoNHXz4vrC1w3WFtdxo226_P7-Udca6FfahbsC6iKUzeHl3OX3EsVWtsw1egesGrMPNGnCQDV5b72stt76NJ-iokpsIo98coper-fPsJlncX9_OpotEU0J5orkiSuWZMqIyYsIN5RPNGFOZBpYVVVYYoUEJJjSrCpHJXEAuAajhRS4YZUN0tt_VoY4xQFX6YLcy7EpKyv6isr-oZLwzz_fmu93A7j-tXM4fWGf_APc-acc</recordid><startdate>202406</startdate><enddate>202406</enddate><creator>Parthasarathy, Aravind</creator><creator>Hanumanthappa, Ramesha</creator><creator>Bulbule, Sarojini R.</creator><creator>P.C., Kiran</creator><creator>Nanjaiah, Hemalatha</creator><creator>G., Gopinath</creator><creator>B.M., Siddaiah</creator><creator>Muniswamy, David</creator><creator>Kuramkote Shivanna, Devaraju</creator><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6199-354X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202406</creationdate><title>Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus</title><author>Parthasarathy, Aravind ; Hanumanthappa, Ramesha ; Bulbule, Sarojini R. ; P.C., Kiran ; Nanjaiah, Hemalatha ; G., Gopinath ; B.M., Siddaiah ; Muniswamy, David ; Kuramkote Shivanna, Devaraju</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1015-c5b0bb86bd7fd745d154c333b6ce369f69d7ceb737c3f976a87e8aee1d5987313</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>calcineurin</topic><topic>H2O2</topic><topic>hippocampus</topic><topic>immobilization</topic><topic>NMDA receptors</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Parthasarathy, Aravind</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanumanthappa, Ramesha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bulbule, Sarojini R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>P.C., Kiran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nanjaiah, Hemalatha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>G., Gopinath</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>B.M., Siddaiah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muniswamy, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuramkote Shivanna, Devaraju</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Wiley Free Content</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Neuroprotection (Chichester, England. Online)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Parthasarathy, Aravind</au><au>Hanumanthappa, Ramesha</au><au>Bulbule, Sarojini R.</au><au>P.C., Kiran</au><au>Nanjaiah, Hemalatha</au><au>G., Gopinath</au><au>B.M., Siddaiah</au><au>Muniswamy, David</au><au>Kuramkote Shivanna, Devaraju</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus</atitle><jtitle>Neuroprotection (Chichester, England. Online)</jtitle><date>2024-06</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>167</spage><epage>178</epage><pages>167-178</pages><issn>2770-7296</issn><eissn>2770-730X</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Backgrounds
Oxidative stress impairs the function of calcium‐binding proteins and deregulates calcium signaling in living organisms. We have previously explored the overexpression of calcium‐binding protein genes in a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species‐induced in vitro cell model of stress that leads to apoptosis. However, in in vivo models, low levels of stress leads to depressive‐like behavior. Here, we aimed to analyze gene expression of major calcium‐binding proteins (calcineurin, calmodulin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin, and calreticulin) and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subunits (glutamate receptor ionotropic [GluN] GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B) in the hippocampus of stress‐induced rats.
Methods
Six‐week‐old male Wistar rats were assigned to two stress induction groups and a control group without stress (n = 6). Stress was induced by using H2O2 (3% in water) or by immobilization (using a sticky mat) over a period of 30 days. Expression of calcium‐binding protein genes in the hippocampus, antioxidant assays, structural alterations in hippocampal neurons, and depressive‐like behavior were determined.
Results
Expression of genes encoding calcium‐binding proteins calcineurin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin and NMDA receptor subunit GluN1 was enhanced in both chemical and physical stress‐induced rats compared with control rats (4.25 ± 0.05 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.05, 2.05 ± 0.08 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.005; 2.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.02 ± 0.03, p < 0.05, 1.98 ± 0.07 vs. 1.02 ± 0.03, p < 0.005; 1.4 ± 0.6 vs. 1.15 ± 0.09, p < 0.05, 1.39 ± 0.05 vs. 1.15 ± 0.09, p < 0.005), respectively. In stress‐induced rats, neurons in the CA2 region of the hippocampus were fewer and appeared disorganized compared with control rats. Furthermore, stress‐induced rats showed decreased mobility and lower sucrose preference in behavioral studies compared with control rats.
Conclusion
Lower levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can also lead to stress in rats by affecting their calcium signaling, buffering capacity in the neurons leading to depressive symptoms.
Stress induced in male Wistar rats by a minimal concentration of H2O2 or physical stress enhances the expression of genes encoding calcium‐binding proteins. This leads to abnormal calcium homeostasis and a reduction in antioxidation capability resulting in abnormal NMDA receptor activity, loss of neurons, and depression‐like behavior.
Key points
Stress can increase the expression of genes responsible for calcium storage, buffering and signaling.
Stress impairs antioxidations systems, which corroborates with earlier investigations.
Depressive‐like behavior is observed in stress‐induced rats.]]></abstract><doi>10.1002/nep3.35</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6199-354X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | calcineurin H2O2 hippocampus immobilization NMDA receptors |
| title | Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus |
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