Diagnostics

Radiology is the first area for the reader to look at because images are digital files with structured data that can be used to develop and validate models to perform a narrow task such as finding a tumor on a CT scan or a fracture on an X‐ray. The field of pathology is critical to both the diagnosis and treatment of many cancers, yet the tools of the trade haven't been upgraded much in 100 years. Consistent with radiology and pathology, dermatology is another specialty where a lot of the diagnosis comes down to a visual inspection of the skin and doing pattern recognition. Ophthalmology is another specialty where the examination of the eye is a huge part of screening and diagnosis. In cardiology, most diseases are slow, multi‐morbid, heterogeneous, and chronic, with pathogenesis beginning decades before the disease actually manifests.