Design Loads for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

This chapter contains sections titled: National and international standards Basis for design loads Turbulence and wakes Extreme loads Fatigue loading Stationary blade loading Blade loads during operation Blade dynamic response Blade fatigue stresses Hub and low speed shaft loading Nacelle loading Tower loading Wind turbine dynamic analysis codes Extrapolation of extreme loads from simulations References Appendix 5: dynamic response of stationary blade in turbulent wind Introduction Frequency response function Resonant displacement response ignoring wind variations along the blade Effect of across‐wind turbulence distribution on resonant displacement response Resonant root bending moment Root bending moment background response Peak response Bending moments at intermediate blade positions References