Biotechnological Applications of Lichens

Secondary lichens‐related metabolites consisting of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, and terpenic compounds are special and indicate exciting biological and pharmacological activity compared to higher plants. Lichens are an ideal model for research into their bioactive metabolites. The green algae or cyanobacteria form lichen, often together, a symbiotic relationship between the fungus and a partner in the chlorophyll. For several reasons, lichens are valuable organisms. It can be used in the area of natural coloring. Lichens are photobiont and mycobiont composite organisms. Traditionally, across the globe, lichens are used and several examinations have demonstrated the encouraging pharmacology of the lichens, as well as insecticidal action. Many important medicinal values such as antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic outcome, and others are derived from the special and biologically effective compounds presented in lichen thalli. Many medical approaches to treating such illnesses or disorders like diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, malignancy, and overweightness tend to include the suppression of certain enzymes. The therapeutic potential of lichen, which has an important effect in the Pharma industry, is reflected in all these multiple lichen metabolite activities. This article discusses the biotechnological applications of lichens.