Vaginoplasty With Mesh Autologous Buccal Mucosa in Vaginal Agenesis: A Multidisciplinary Approach and Literature Review

Background: Vaginal agenesis, a rare condition, is treated by various surgical techniques to achieve neovaginal reconstruction. The main difference between the approaches lies in the graft material used to cover the newly formed cavity. Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the surgical procedure and outcomes of autologous buccal mucosal grafting in neovaginal reconstruction. Methods: Sixteen patients with vaginal agenesis admitted to our department between January 2016 and January 2019 were included in our study. A reconstruction procedure, described in detail here, involving autologous buccal mucosa as graft material was successfully conducted in all of the patients. Long-term anatomic and functional outcomes were evaluated. Results: The blood loss during operation was estimated to be 15 to 20 mL in all cases. No rectal or bladder injury occurred. The buccal mucosal wound completely healed 10 to 14 days after the operation. All patients had a well-formed neovagina 8 to 10 cm in length, with a mean diameter of >3 finger-breadths. Conclusions: The application of autologous buccal mucosa in neovaginal construction is a simple procedure. Autologous buccal mucosa is an ideal material to achieve excellent cosmetic and functional results in patients with vaginal agenesis.