Antiviral Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From Protective to Deleterious Responses

After two previous episodes, in 2002 and 2012, when two highly pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS, MERS) with a zoonotic origin emerged in humans and caused fatal respiratory illness, we are today experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic produced by SARS-CoV-2. The main question of the year 2021 is if natural...

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Veröffentlicht in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2021-12, Vol.9 (12), p.2578, Article 2578
Hauptverfasser: Mihaescu, Grigore, Chifiriuc, Mariana Carmen, Vrancianu, Corneliu Ovidiu, Constantin, Marian, Filip, Roxana, Popescu, Mihaela Roxana, Burlibasa, Liliana, Nicoara, Anca Cecilia, Bolocan, Alexandra, Iliescu, Ciprian, Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, Gratiela
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:After two previous episodes, in 2002 and 2012, when two highly pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS, MERS) with a zoonotic origin emerged in humans and caused fatal respiratory illness, we are today experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic produced by SARS-CoV-2. The main question of the year 2021 is if naturally- or artificially-acquired active immunity will be effective against the evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants. This review starts with the presentation of the two compartments of antiviral immunity-humoral and cellular, innate and adaptive-underlining how the involved cellular and molecular actors are intrinsically connected in the development of the immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Then, the SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, as well as the derived diagnosis and therapeutic approaches, will be discussed.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms9122578