Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection
A diverse group of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) helps protect the mammalian intestine from varied microbial challenges. We show that small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A) is an intestinal antibacterial protein that is phylogenetically unrelated to previously discovered mammalian AMPs. In this stud...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2021-11, Vol.374 (6568), p.eabe6723-eabe6723, Article 6723 |
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| creator | Hu, Zehan Zhang, Chenlu Sifuentes-Dominguez, Luis Zarek, Christina M. Propheter, Daniel C. Kuang, Zheng Wang, Yuhao Pendse, Mihir Ruhn, Kelly A. Hassell, Brian Behrendt, Cassie L. Zhang, Bo Raj, Prithvi Harris-Tryon, Tamia A. Reese, Tiffany A. Hooper, Lora |
| description | A diverse group of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) helps protect the mammalian intestine from varied microbial challenges. We show that small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A) is an intestinal antibacterial protein that is phylogenetically unrelated to previously discovered mammalian AMPs. In this study, SPRR2A was expressed in Paneth cells and goblet cells and selectively killed Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting their membranes. SPRR2A shaped intestinal microbiota composition, restricted bacterial association with the intestinal surface, and protected against Listeria monocytogenes infection. SPRR2A differed from other intestinal AMPs in that it was induced by type 2 cytokines produced during helminth infection. Moreover, SPRR2A protected against helminth-induced bacterial invasion of intestinal tissue. Thus, SPRR2A is a distinctive AMP triggered by type 2 immunity that protects the intestinal barrier during helminth infection. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.abe6723 |
| format | Article |
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We show that small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A) is an intestinal antibacterial protein that is phylogenetically unrelated to previously discovered mammalian AMPs. In this study, SPRR2A was expressed in Paneth cells and goblet cells and selectively killed Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting their membranes. SPRR2A shaped intestinal microbiota composition, restricted bacterial association with the intestinal surface, and protected against Listeria monocytogenes infection. SPRR2A differed from other intestinal AMPs in that it was induced by type 2 cytokines produced during helminth infection. Moreover, SPRR2A protected against helminth-induced bacterial invasion of intestinal tissue. Thus, SPRR2A is a distinctive AMP triggered by type 2 immunity that protects the intestinal barrier during helminth infection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0036-8075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1126/science.abe6723</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34735226</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>WASHINGTON: Amer Assoc Advancement Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antiinfectives and antibacterials ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Bacterial infections ; Bacterial Load ; Bactericidal activity ; Biological activity ; Biopsy ; Cell Membrane - metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cell membranes ; Cell walls ; Colonization ; Composition ; Control Groups ; Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - genetics ; Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - metabolism ; Critical components ; Cytokines ; Cytokines - metabolism ; Damage ; Deactivation ; Digestive system ; Disease Susceptibility ; Disruption ; Epithelium ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Goblet cells ; Goblet Cells - metabolism ; Gram-negative bacteria ; Gram-positive bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria - physiology ; Humans ; Immune system ; Immunity ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunology ; Infections ; Inflammatory bowel diseases ; Interleukin 13 ; Interleukin 4 ; Intestinal microflora ; Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology ; Intestine ; Intestines - microbiology ; Land Settlement ; Lipids ; Listeria ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Listeria monocytogenes - physiology ; Listeriosis - microbiology ; Lysozyme ; Mammals ; Membrane structures ; Membranes ; Mice ; Microbial activity ; Microbial Viability ; Microbiota ; Microorganisms ; Mucosa ; Multidisciplinary Sciences ; Nematospiroides dubius ; Paneth cells ; Paneth Cells - metabolism ; Parasites ; Phylogeny ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - genetics ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - metabolism ; Proline ; Proteins ; Science & Technology ; Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Small intestine ; Strongylida Infections - immunology ; Strongylida Infections - metabolism ; Strongylida Infections - microbiology ; Worms</subject><ispartof>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2021-11, Vol.374 (6568), p.eabe6723-eabe6723, Article 6723</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>38</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000714952000028</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-e6ce7d12066954f6e661687cc1eecaf1e878468411c576c308fc7eba6960debe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-e6ce7d12066954f6e661687cc1eecaf1e878468411c576c308fc7eba6960debe3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4539-3720 ; 0000-0003-2325-6546 ; 0000-0002-4170-7083 ; 0000-0002-6211-5132 ; 0000-0002-9525-071X ; 0000-0002-8665-0885 ; 0000-0002-4648-5301 ; 0000-0002-7810-6791 ; 0000-0003-0800-2353 ; 0000-0001-9462-9237 ; 0000-0001-5855-8371 ; 0000-0002-9440-8546 ; 0000-0002-8231-0875 ; 0000-0002-2759-4641 ; 0000-0003-4068-4358 ; 0000-0002-0031-2173</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,782,786,887,2886,2887,27931,27932,39265</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34735226$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hu, Zehan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chenlu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sifuentes-Dominguez, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zarek, Christina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Propheter, Daniel C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuang, Zheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yuhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pendse, Mihir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruhn, Kelly A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassell, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Behrendt, Cassie L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raj, Prithvi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harris-Tryon, Tamia A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reese, Tiffany A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hooper, Lora</creatorcontrib><title>Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection</title><title>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</title><addtitle>SCIENCE</addtitle><addtitle>Science</addtitle><description>A diverse group of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) helps protect the mammalian intestine from varied microbial challenges. We show that small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A) is an intestinal antibacterial protein that is phylogenetically unrelated to previously discovered mammalian AMPs. In this study, SPRR2A was expressed in Paneth cells and goblet cells and selectively killed Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting their membranes. SPRR2A shaped intestinal microbiota composition, restricted bacterial association with the intestinal surface, and protected against Listeria monocytogenes infection. SPRR2A differed from other intestinal AMPs in that it was induced by type 2 cytokines produced during helminth infection. Moreover, SPRR2A protected against helminth-induced bacterial invasion of intestinal tissue. Thus, SPRR2A is a distinctive AMP triggered by type 2 immunity that protects the intestinal barrier during helminth infection.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Bacterial infections</subject><subject>Bacterial Load</subject><subject>Bactericidal activity</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>Biopsy</subject><subject>Cell Membrane - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell Membrane Permeability</subject><subject>Cell membranes</subject><subject>Cell walls</subject><subject>Colonization</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Control Groups</subject><subject>Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Critical components</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytokines - metabolism</subject><subject>Damage</subject><subject>Deactivation</subject><subject>Digestive system</subject><subject>Disease Susceptibility</subject><subject>Disruption</subject><subject>Epithelium</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Microbiome</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal tract</subject><subject>Goblet cells</subject><subject>Goblet Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Gram-negative bacteria</subject><subject>Gram-positive bacteria</subject><subject>Gram-Positive Bacteria - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunity</subject><subject>Immunity, Innate</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Inflammatory bowel diseases</subject><subject>Interleukin 13</subject><subject>Interleukin 4</subject><subject>Intestinal microflora</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology</subject><subject>Intestine</subject><subject>Intestines - microbiology</subject><subject>Land Settlement</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Listeria</subject><subject>Listeria monocytogenes</subject><subject>Listeria monocytogenes - physiology</subject><subject>Listeriosis - microbiology</subject><subject>Lysozyme</subject><subject>Mammals</subject><subject>Membrane structures</subject><subject>Membranes</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Microbial activity</subject><subject>Microbial Viability</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Mucosa</subject><subject>Multidisciplinary Sciences</subject><subject>Nematospiroides dubius</subject><subject>Paneth cells</subject><subject>Paneth Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Proline</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Science & Technology - Other Topics</subject><subject>Small intestine</subject><subject>Strongylida Infections - immunology</subject><subject>Strongylida Infections - metabolism</subject><subject>Strongylida Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Worms</subject><issn>0036-8075</issn><issn>1095-9203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkcuLFDEQxoMo7rh69iYBL4L0bh7dSeciLIMvWPCgXg3pdPVMlnQyJumV_e_NMA_Uk6dU-H71UVUfQi8puaKUietsHQQLV2YAIRl_hFaUqK5RjPDHaEUIF01PZHeBnuV8R0jVFH-KLngreceYWKEfX2fjPd6l6F2AJjm73X8KuIDZDXYZG7xZCh6MLVBVNxp_BkbY-fgAIx6X5MIGb8HPLpQtdmECW1wMz9GTyfgML47vJfr-4f239afm9svHz-ub28a2jJYGhAU5UkaEUF07CRCCil5aSwGsmSj0sm9F31JqOyksJ_1kJQxGKEFGGIBfoncH390yzDBaCCUZr3fJzSY96Gic_lsJbqs38V73SkpKRDV4czRI8ecCuejZZQvemwBxyZp1qmWqHpdV9PU_6F1cUqjraSb4_tx11kpdHyibYs4JpvMwlOh9dvqYnT5mVzte_bnDmT-FVYG3B-AXDHE6tZ-wmq6krepYLQjrK93_P712xezzWsclFP4biJu5vw</recordid><startdate>20211105</startdate><enddate>20211105</enddate><creator>Hu, Zehan</creator><creator>Zhang, Chenlu</creator><creator>Sifuentes-Dominguez, Luis</creator><creator>Zarek, Christina M.</creator><creator>Propheter, Daniel C.</creator><creator>Kuang, Zheng</creator><creator>Wang, Yuhao</creator><creator>Pendse, Mihir</creator><creator>Ruhn, Kelly A.</creator><creator>Hassell, Brian</creator><creator>Behrendt, Cassie L.</creator><creator>Zhang, Bo</creator><creator>Raj, Prithvi</creator><creator>Harris-Tryon, Tamia A.</creator><creator>Reese, Tiffany A.</creator><creator>Hooper, Lora</creator><general>Amer Assoc Advancement Science</general><general>The American Association for the Advancement of Science</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-3720</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2325-6546</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4170-7083</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6211-5132</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-071X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-0885</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4648-5301</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7810-6791</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0800-2353</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-9237</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5855-8371</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-8546</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-0875</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2759-4641</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-4358</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0031-2173</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211105</creationdate><title>Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection</title><author>Hu, Zehan ; Zhang, Chenlu ; Sifuentes-Dominguez, Luis ; Zarek, Christina M. ; Propheter, Daniel C. ; Kuang, Zheng ; Wang, Yuhao ; Pendse, Mihir ; Ruhn, Kelly A. ; Hassell, Brian ; Behrendt, Cassie L. ; Zhang, Bo ; Raj, Prithvi ; Harris-Tryon, Tamia A. ; Reese, Tiffany A. ; Hooper, Lora</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-e6ce7d12066954f6e661687cc1eecaf1e878468411c576c308fc7eba6960debe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Bacterial infections</topic><topic>Bacterial Load</topic><topic>Bactericidal activity</topic><topic>Biological activity</topic><topic>Biopsy</topic><topic>Cell Membrane - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell Membrane Permeability</topic><topic>Cell membranes</topic><topic>Cell walls</topic><topic>Colonization</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>Control Groups</topic><topic>Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Critical components</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Cytokines - metabolism</topic><topic>Damage</topic><topic>Deactivation</topic><topic>Digestive system</topic><topic>Disease Susceptibility</topic><topic>Disruption</topic><topic>Epithelium</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Microbiome</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal tract</topic><topic>Goblet cells</topic><topic>Goblet Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Gram-negative bacteria</topic><topic>Gram-positive bacteria</topic><topic>Gram-Positive Bacteria - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunity</topic><topic>Immunity, Innate</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Inflammatory bowel diseases</topic><topic>Interleukin 13</topic><topic>Interleukin 4</topic><topic>Intestinal microflora</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology</topic><topic>Intestine</topic><topic>Intestines - microbiology</topic><topic>Land Settlement</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Listeria</topic><topic>Listeria monocytogenes</topic><topic>Listeria monocytogenes - physiology</topic><topic>Listeriosis - microbiology</topic><topic>Lysozyme</topic><topic>Mammals</topic><topic>Membrane structures</topic><topic>Membranes</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Microbial activity</topic><topic>Microbial Viability</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Mucosa</topic><topic>Multidisciplinary Sciences</topic><topic>Nematospiroides dubius</topic><topic>Paneth cells</topic><topic>Paneth Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Proline</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Science & Technology - Other Topics</topic><topic>Small intestine</topic><topic>Strongylida Infections - immunology</topic><topic>Strongylida Infections - metabolism</topic><topic>Strongylida Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Worms</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hu, Zehan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chenlu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sifuentes-Dominguez, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zarek, Christina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Propheter, Daniel C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuang, Zheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yuhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pendse, Mihir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruhn, Kelly A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassell, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Behrendt, Cassie L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raj, Prithvi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harris-Tryon, Tamia A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reese, Tiffany A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hooper, Lora</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hu, Zehan</au><au>Zhang, Chenlu</au><au>Sifuentes-Dominguez, Luis</au><au>Zarek, Christina M.</au><au>Propheter, Daniel C.</au><au>Kuang, Zheng</au><au>Wang, Yuhao</au><au>Pendse, Mihir</au><au>Ruhn, Kelly A.</au><au>Hassell, Brian</au><au>Behrendt, Cassie L.</au><au>Zhang, Bo</au><au>Raj, Prithvi</au><au>Harris-Tryon, Tamia A.</au><au>Reese, Tiffany A.</au><au>Hooper, Lora</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection</atitle><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle><stitle>SCIENCE</stitle><addtitle>Science</addtitle><date>2021-11-05</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>374</volume><issue>6568</issue><spage>eabe6723</spage><epage>eabe6723</epage><pages>eabe6723-eabe6723</pages><artnum>6723</artnum><issn>0036-8075</issn><eissn>1095-9203</eissn><abstract>A diverse group of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) helps protect the mammalian intestine from varied microbial challenges. We show that small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A) is an intestinal antibacterial protein that is phylogenetically unrelated to previously discovered mammalian AMPs. In this study, SPRR2A was expressed in Paneth cells and goblet cells and selectively killed Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting their membranes. SPRR2A shaped intestinal microbiota composition, restricted bacterial association with the intestinal surface, and protected against Listeria monocytogenes infection. SPRR2A differed from other intestinal AMPs in that it was induced by type 2 cytokines produced during helminth infection. Moreover, SPRR2A protected against helminth-induced bacterial invasion of intestinal tissue. Thus, SPRR2A is a distinctive AMP triggered by type 2 immunity that protects the intestinal barrier during helminth infection.</abstract><cop>WASHINGTON</cop><pub>Amer Assoc Advancement Science</pub><pmid>34735226</pmid><doi>10.1126/science.abe6723</doi><tpages>46</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-3720</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2325-6546</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4170-7083</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6211-5132</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-071X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-0885</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4648-5301</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7810-6791</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0800-2353</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-9237</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5855-8371</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-8546</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-0875</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2759-4641</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-4358</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0031-2173</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0036-8075 |
| ispartof | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2021-11, Vol.374 (6568), p.eabe6723-eabe6723, Article 6723 |
| issn | 0036-8075 1095-9203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_webofscience_primary_000714952000028 |
| source | MEDLINE; Science Magazine; Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /> |
| subjects | Animals Antiinfectives and antibacterials Bacteria Bacterial diseases Bacterial infections Bacterial Load Bactericidal activity Biological activity Biopsy Cell Membrane - metabolism Cell Membrane Permeability Cell membranes Cell walls Colonization Composition Control Groups Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - genetics Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - metabolism Critical components Cytokines Cytokines - metabolism Damage Deactivation Digestive system Disease Susceptibility Disruption Epithelium Gastrointestinal Microbiome Gastrointestinal tract Goblet cells Goblet Cells - metabolism Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive bacteria Gram-Positive Bacteria - physiology Humans Immune system Immunity Immunity, Innate Immunology Infections Inflammatory bowel diseases Interleukin 13 Interleukin 4 Intestinal microflora Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology Intestine Intestines - microbiology Land Settlement Lipids Listeria Listeria monocytogenes Listeria monocytogenes - physiology Listeriosis - microbiology Lysozyme Mammals Membrane structures Membranes Mice Microbial activity Microbial Viability Microbiota Microorganisms Mucosa Multidisciplinary Sciences Nematospiroides dubius Paneth cells Paneth Cells - metabolism Parasites Phylogeny Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - genetics Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - metabolism Proline Proteins Science & Technology Science & Technology - Other Topics Small intestine Strongylida Infections - immunology Strongylida Infections - metabolism Strongylida Infections - microbiology Worms |
| title | Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-08T20%3A59%3A42IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_webof&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Small%20proline-rich%20protein%202A%20is%20a%20gut%20bactericidal%20protein%20deployed%20during%20helminth%20infection&rft.jtitle=Science%20(American%20Association%20for%20the%20Advancement%20of%20Science)&rft.au=Hu,%20Zehan&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft.volume=374&rft.issue=6568&rft.spage=eabe6723&rft.epage=eabe6723&rft.pages=eabe6723-eabe6723&rft.artnum=6723&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft.eissn=1095-9203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126/science.abe6723&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_webof%3E2594291092%3C/proquest_webof%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2638075846&rft_id=info:pmid/34735226&rfr_iscdi=true |