Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylamide- and Lignocellulose-Stabilized Clay in Tibet
Laboratory freezing experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of polyacrylamide (PAM) and lignocellulose on the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of Tibetan clay. Direct shear and unconfined compressive tests and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses we...
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| creator | Shi, Haiping Li, Zhongyao Li, Wenwei Wang, Shaopeng Wang, Baotian Wang, Peiqing |
| description | Laboratory freezing experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of polyacrylamide (PAM) and lignocellulose on the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of Tibetan clay. Direct shear and unconfined compressive tests and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed on clay samples with different contents of stabilizers. The test results show that the addition of PAM can improve the unconfined compressive strength and cohesion of Tibetan clay, but an excessive amount of PAM reduces the internal friction angle. After several freeze-thaw cycles, the unconfined compressive strength and cohesion of samples stabilized by PAM decrease significantly, while the internal friction angle increases. Samples stabilized by PAM and lignocellulose have higher internal friction angles, cohesion, and unconfined compressive strength and can retain about 80% of the original strength after 10 freeze-thaw cycles. PAM fills the pores between soil particles and provides adhesion. The addition of lignocellulose can form a network, restrict the expansion of pores caused by freeze-thaw cycles, and improve the integrity of PAM colloids. It is postulated that the addition of a composite stabilizer with a PAM content of 0.4% and a lignocellulose content of 2% may be a technically feasible method to increase the strength of Tibetan clay. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2021/7723405 |
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Direct shear and unconfined compressive tests and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed on clay samples with different contents of stabilizers. The test results show that the addition of PAM can improve the unconfined compressive strength and cohesion of Tibetan clay, but an excessive amount of PAM reduces the internal friction angle. After several freeze-thaw cycles, the unconfined compressive strength and cohesion of samples stabilized by PAM decrease significantly, while the internal friction angle increases. Samples stabilized by PAM and lignocellulose have higher internal friction angles, cohesion, and unconfined compressive strength and can retain about 80% of the original strength after 10 freeze-thaw cycles. PAM fills the pores between soil particles and provides adhesion. The addition of lignocellulose can form a network, restrict the expansion of pores caused by freeze-thaw cycles, and improve the integrity of PAM colloids. It is postulated that the addition of a composite stabilizer with a PAM content of 0.4% and a lignocellulose content of 2% may be a technically feasible method to increase the strength of Tibetan clay.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1687-8434</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1687-8442</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2021/7723405</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>LONDON: Hindawi</publisher><subject>Additives ; Clay ; Cohesion ; Compressive strength ; Density ; Emission analysis ; Field emission microscopy ; Freeze thaw cycles ; Friction ; Friction reduction ; Gravity ; Internal friction ; Lignin ; Lignocellulose ; Materials Science ; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary ; Mechanical properties ; Polyacrylamide ; Polymers ; Science & Technology ; Sea level ; Shear strength ; Shear tests ; Soil erosion ; Technology</subject><ispartof>Advances in materials science and engineering, 2021, Vol.2021 (1), Article 7723405</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2021 Haiping Shi et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Haiping Shi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>6</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000708393500001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-19db447a7541248d51b1d596a9cabcc7953a714bbaa1e11a39b4bc46aac858f13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-19db447a7541248d51b1d596a9cabcc7953a714bbaa1e11a39b4bc46aac858f13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4649-1875 ; 0000-0002-2514-0371</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,865,878,2103,2115,4025,27928,27929,27930,39263</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Xu, Xiangtian</contributor><contributor>Xiangtian Xu</contributor><creatorcontrib>Shi, Haiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Zhongyao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Wenwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Shaopeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Baotian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Peiqing</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylamide- and Lignocellulose-Stabilized Clay in Tibet</title><title>Advances in materials science and engineering</title><addtitle>ADV MATER SCI ENG</addtitle><description>Laboratory freezing experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of polyacrylamide (PAM) and lignocellulose on the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of Tibetan clay. Direct shear and unconfined compressive tests and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed on clay samples with different contents of stabilizers. The test results show that the addition of PAM can improve the unconfined compressive strength and cohesion of Tibetan clay, but an excessive amount of PAM reduces the internal friction angle. After several freeze-thaw cycles, the unconfined compressive strength and cohesion of samples stabilized by PAM decrease significantly, while the internal friction angle increases. Samples stabilized by PAM and lignocellulose have higher internal friction angles, cohesion, and unconfined compressive strength and can retain about 80% of the original strength after 10 freeze-thaw cycles. PAM fills the pores between soil particles and provides adhesion. The addition of lignocellulose can form a network, restrict the expansion of pores caused by freeze-thaw cycles, and improve the integrity of PAM colloids. It is postulated that the addition of a composite stabilizer with a PAM content of 0.4% and a lignocellulose content of 2% may be a technically feasible method to increase the strength of Tibetan clay.</description><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Clay</subject><subject>Cohesion</subject><subject>Compressive strength</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Field emission microscopy</subject><subject>Freeze thaw cycles</subject><subject>Friction</subject><subject>Friction reduction</subject><subject>Gravity</subject><subject>Internal friction</subject><subject>Lignin</subject><subject>Lignocellulose</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Materials Science, Multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Polyacrylamide</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Sea level</subject><subject>Shear strength</subject><subject>Shear tests</subject><subject>Soil erosion</subject><subject>Technology</subject><issn>1687-8434</issn><issn>1687-8442</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUFv1DAQhSMEElXpjR9giSOE2rEdO0cUtVBpEZVYztbYGXe9cuPF8WpJfz1ZtlpuCF_G8nzveUavqt4y-pExKa8b2rBrpRouqHxRXbBWq1oL0bw837l4XV1N05Yuh3ey7cRF9evGe3SFJE9uM-IT1usNHEg_u4gTSSMpGyRf0W1gDA4iuc9ph7mEY9OT-xRncHmO8BgGrAmMA1mFhzE5jHEf04T19wI2xPCEA-kjzCSMZB0sljfVKw9xwqvneln9uL1Z91_q1bfPd_2nVe0E5aVm3WCFUKCkYI3Qg2SWDbJroXNgnVOd5KCYsBaAIWPAOyusEy2A01J7xi-ru5PvkGBrdjk8Qp5NgmD-PKT8YGDZZ1nXOBDMe68UBS9063QjuGLUMauo4oNbvN6dvHY5_dzjVMw27fO4jG8aqanUbduphfpwolxO05TRn39l1ByjMseozHNUC65P-AFt8pMLODo8S5aoFNW84_KYGutDgRLS2Kf9WBbp-_-X_qU3YRzgEP491m8iK7NT</recordid><startdate>2021</startdate><enddate>2021</enddate><creator>Shi, Haiping</creator><creator>Li, Zhongyao</creator><creator>Li, Wenwei</creator><creator>Wang, Shaopeng</creator><creator>Wang, Baotian</creator><creator>Wang, Peiqing</creator><general>Hindawi</general><general>Hindawi Publishing Group</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CWDGH</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4649-1875</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-0371</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2021</creationdate><title>Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylamide- and Lignocellulose-Stabilized Clay in Tibet</title><author>Shi, Haiping ; 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Direct shear and unconfined compressive tests and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed on clay samples with different contents of stabilizers. The test results show that the addition of PAM can improve the unconfined compressive strength and cohesion of Tibetan clay, but an excessive amount of PAM reduces the internal friction angle. After several freeze-thaw cycles, the unconfined compressive strength and cohesion of samples stabilized by PAM decrease significantly, while the internal friction angle increases. Samples stabilized by PAM and lignocellulose have higher internal friction angles, cohesion, and unconfined compressive strength and can retain about 80% of the original strength after 10 freeze-thaw cycles. PAM fills the pores between soil particles and provides adhesion. The addition of lignocellulose can form a network, restrict the expansion of pores caused by freeze-thaw cycles, and improve the integrity of PAM colloids. It is postulated that the addition of a composite stabilizer with a PAM content of 0.4% and a lignocellulose content of 2% may be a technically feasible method to increase the strength of Tibetan clay.</abstract><cop>LONDON</cop><pub>Hindawi</pub><doi>10.1155/2021/7723405</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4649-1875</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-0371</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Additives Clay Cohesion Compressive strength Density Emission analysis Field emission microscopy Freeze thaw cycles Friction Friction reduction Gravity Internal friction Lignin Lignocellulose Materials Science Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Mechanical properties Polyacrylamide Polymers Science & Technology Sea level Shear strength Shear tests Soil erosion Technology |
| title | Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylamide- and Lignocellulose-Stabilized Clay in Tibet |
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