Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Driven Occlusive Diseases
The enlightenment of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as a part of the innate immune system shed new insights into the pathologies of various diseases. The initial idea that NETs are a pivotal defense structure was gradually amended due to several deleterious effects in consecu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-08, Vol.10 (9), p.2208, Article 2208 |
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| creator | Yaykasli, Kursat Oguz Schauer, Christine Munoz, Luis E. Mahajan, Aparna Knopf, Jasmin Schett, Georg Herrmann, Martin |
| description | The enlightenment of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as a part of the innate immune system shed new insights into the pathologies of various diseases. The initial idea that NETs are a pivotal defense structure was gradually amended due to several deleterious effects in consecutive investigations. NETs formation is now considered a double-edged sword. The harmful effects are not limited to the induction of inflammation by NETs remnants but also include occlusions caused by aggregated NETs (aggNETs). The latter carries the risk of occluding tubular structures like vessels or ducts and appear to be associated with the pathologies of various diseases. In addition to life-threatening vascular clogging, other occlusions include painful stone formation in the biliary system, the kidneys, the prostate, and the appendix. AggNETs are also prone to occlude the ductal system of exocrine glands, as seen in ocular glands, salivary glands, and others. Last, but not least, they also clog the pancreatic ducts in a murine model of neutrophilia. In this regard, elucidating the mechanism of NETs-dependent occlusions is of crucial importance for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to address the putative mechanisms of NETs-associated occlusions in the pathogenesis of disease, as well as prospective treatment modalities. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/cells10092208 |
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The initial idea that NETs are a pivotal defense structure was gradually amended due to several deleterious effects in consecutive investigations. NETs formation is now considered a double-edged sword. The harmful effects are not limited to the induction of inflammation by NETs remnants but also include occlusions caused by aggregated NETs (aggNETs). The latter carries the risk of occluding tubular structures like vessels or ducts and appear to be associated with the pathologies of various diseases. In addition to life-threatening vascular clogging, other occlusions include painful stone formation in the biliary system, the kidneys, the prostate, and the appendix. AggNETs are also prone to occlude the ductal system of exocrine glands, as seen in ocular glands, salivary glands, and others. Last, but not least, they also clog the pancreatic ducts in a murine model of neutrophilia. In this regard, elucidating the mechanism of NETs-dependent occlusions is of crucial importance for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to address the putative mechanisms of NETs-associated occlusions in the pathogenesis of disease, as well as prospective treatment modalities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4409</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4409</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/cells10092208</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34571857</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject>aggregation ; Animal models ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood ; Blood vessels ; Cell Biology ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; ducts ; Exocrine glands ; Health care ; Heart attacks ; Hemoglobin ; Immune system ; Inflammation ; Innate immunity ; Kidneys ; Leukocytes (neutrophilic) ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Mortality ; Mutation ; neutrophil extracellular traps ; Neutrophilia ; Neutrophils ; occlusions ; Pathogenesis ; Pathogens ; Plasma ; Prostate ; Review ; Salivary gland ; Science & Technology ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Sickle cell disease ; Stroke ; Thrombosis ; vessels ; Viral infections</subject><ispartof>Cells (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-08, Vol.10 (9), p.2208, Article 2208</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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The initial idea that NETs are a pivotal defense structure was gradually amended due to several deleterious effects in consecutive investigations. NETs formation is now considered a double-edged sword. The harmful effects are not limited to the induction of inflammation by NETs remnants but also include occlusions caused by aggregated NETs (aggNETs). The latter carries the risk of occluding tubular structures like vessels or ducts and appear to be associated with the pathologies of various diseases. In addition to life-threatening vascular clogging, other occlusions include painful stone formation in the biliary system, the kidneys, the prostate, and the appendix. AggNETs are also prone to occlude the ductal system of exocrine glands, as seen in ocular glands, salivary glands, and others. Last, but not least, they also clog the pancreatic ducts in a murine model of neutrophilia. 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| subjects | aggregation Animal models Atherosclerosis Blood Blood vessels Cell Biology Coronaviruses COVID-19 ducts Exocrine glands Health care Heart attacks Hemoglobin Immune system Inflammation Innate immunity Kidneys Leukocytes (neutrophilic) Life Sciences & Biomedicine Mortality Mutation neutrophil extracellular traps Neutrophilia Neutrophils occlusions Pathogenesis Pathogens Plasma Prostate Review Salivary gland Science & Technology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sickle cell disease Stroke Thrombosis vessels Viral infections |
| title | Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Driven Occlusive Diseases |
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